python-flask-请求源码流程

启动先执行manage.py 中的    app.run()

class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
   def
run(self, host=None, port=None, debug=None, **options):   from werkzeug.serving import run_simple   try:   #run_simple 是werkzeug 提供的方法,会执行第三个参数 self()   run_simple(host, port, self, **options)

执行app(),对象()表示调用对象的__call__方法

class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
   def __call__(self, environ, start_response): return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)

又调用了app.wsgi_app方法

class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
   def wsgi_app(self, environ, start_response): #1.
     ctx = self.request_context(environ)
     #self.request_context #2. ctx.push()
     try: try:
          #3.执行视图函数
response = self.full_dispatch_request() except Exception as e: error = e
          #4. response
= self.handle_exception(e) except: error = sys.exc_info()[1] raise return response(environ, start_response) finally:
       #5.
ctx.auto_pop(error)

第1步:执行app.request_context方法,把请求的相关信息传进去了

class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
   def request_context(self, environ): return RequestContext(self, environ)

返回了一个RequestContext类的实例对象

class RequestContext(object):
   def __init__(self, app, environ, request=None): self.app = app if request is None: request = app.request_class(environ)
       #app.request_class = Request self.request
= request self.session = None

在init构造方法中注意app又调用了request_class方法,也就是Request 实例一个对象,

那么第1步我们知道:

ctx是一个RequestContext对象,这个对象里面封装了两个主要的属性,一个是self.request = Request实例的对象,Request对象里面封装了请求进来的所有数据;
另外一个是self.session = None就可以了

 

第2步:执行ctx.push()方法

因为ctx是RequestContext类的对象,那我们就要去RequestContext类中找push方法

class RequestContext(object):
   def push(self):      #2.1. app_ctx = _app_ctx_stack.top if app_ctx is None or app_ctx.app != self.app: app_ctx = self.app.app_context()
            # self.app.app_context = app.app_context = AppContext(app) app_ctx.push()

     #2.2.
     _request_ctx_stack.push(self)
        #_request_ctx_stack = LocalStack()
     #2.3.
        self.session = self.app.open_session(self.request)

        #判断没有 secret_key时:
        if self.session is None:
            self.session = self.app.make_null_session()
            #raise RuntimeError('The session is unavailable because no secret ''key was set.)

 

第2.1步:到_app_ctx_stack这个栈中取最后一个数据,如果未取到或者取到的不是当前的app,就调用app.app_context()方法,就是新实例一个上下文app_ctx对象,再执行app_ctx.push()方法     (在这再次强调,因为app_ctxAppContext对象,就要先去AppContext类中找push方法),

class AppContext(object):
   def push(self): _app_ctx_stack.push(self) #把新创建的app_ctx上下文app对象添加到了_app_ctx_stack这个栈中 appcontext_pushed.send(self.app) #在这里遇到了第一个信号,请求app上下文push时执行

第2.2步:LocalStack类的对象调用push方法

class LocalStack(object):
   def push(self, obj): rv = getattr(self._local, 'stack', None) #self._local = Local()
     #第一次的时候rv肯定是None
if rv is None: self._local.stack = rv = [] #Local对象 .stack = rv = [] 就执行了对象的 __setattr__方法 rv.append(obj) #把 ctx对象添加到Local类的列表中 return rv
try:
    from greenlet import getcurrent as get_ident
except ImportError:
    try:
        from thread import get_ident
    except ImportError:
        from _thread import get_ident

class Local(object):    
    def __init__(self):
        object.__setattr__(self, '__storage__', {}) #这里为什么用object.__setattr__ 而不是直接用self.__storage__={}
        object.__setattr__(self, '__ident_func__', get_ident) #如果用self的方式设置属性,就会触发self的__setattr__方法,就会无限的循环
  
def __setattr__(self, name, value): ident = self.__ident_func__() storage = self.__storage__ try: storage[ident][name] = value # {"唯一标识1":{"stack":[]},"唯一标识2":{"stack":[]}} 和本地线程类似 except KeyError: storage[ident] = {name: value}

 第2.3步:给ctx.session赋值,执行app.open_session(ctx.request)

 

class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
   def open_session(self, request): return self.session_interface.open_session(self, request)
     #return SecureCookieSessionInterface().open_session(app, request)
     #所以就要去SecureCookieSessionInterface类找open_session方法
class SecureCookieSessionInterface(SessionInterface):
   def open_session(self, app, request): # 查看 是否有secret_key s = self.get_signing_serializer(app) if s is None: return None
val
= request.cookies.get(app.session_cookie_name) # 请求第一次来的时候取不到值 if not val: return self.session_class() #返回了一个 类似字典 max_age = total_seconds(app.permanent_session_lifetime) try: data = s.loads(val, max_age=max_age) #loads 作用是: 反序列化+解析乱码 return self.session_class(data) ##返回了一个 类似字典对象,对象里面有data except BadSignature: return self.session_class()

那么第2步我们知道:

1.把app_ctx上下文对象添加到了_app_ctx_stack这个栈中
2.把 ctx请求对象添加到Local类的列表中
3.执行open_session方法,把session加载到内

 第3步:app.full_dispatch_request()   执行视图函数 

class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
    def full_dispatch_request(self):
        #3.1
        self.try_trigger_before_first_request_functions()
        try:
            request_started.send(self)     # 信号 - 请求到来前执行
            # 3.2
            rv = self.preprocess_request()
            if rv is None:
                # 3.3 如果所有的中间件都通过了, 执行视图函数
                rv = self.dispatch_request()
     #3.4
        return self.finalize_request(rv)

第3.1步:找到所有的 执行一次的 伪中间件 执行

class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
    def try_trigger_before_first_request_functions(self):

        with self._before_request_lock:
            for func in self.before_first_request_funcs:
                func()

第3.2步:找到所有的 伪中间件的执行

class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
    def preprocess_request(self):

        funcs = self.before_request_funcs.get(None, ())
        for func in funcs:
            rv = func()
            if rv is not None:
                return rv

第3.3步:

class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
    def dispatch_request(self):
        #获取请求的ctx对象中的request数据
        req = _request_ctx_stack.top.request
        #获取请求的url
        rule = req.url_rule
        #执行视图函数
        return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)

第3.4步:

class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
    def finalize_request(self, rv, from_error_handler=False):
        response = self.make_response(rv)   #通过make_response方法后就可以对返回值进行设置响应头等数据了
        try:
       #3.4.1 response
= self.process_response(response) request_finished.send(self, response=response) #信号 - 请求结束后执行 return response

第3.4.1步:

class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
    def process_response(self, response):
        ctx = _request_ctx_stack.top
        #找到所有的 after_request 伪中间件执行
        funcs = ctx._after_request_functions
        for handler in funcs:
            response = handler(response)
        # 3.4.1.1 如果有session就执行self.save_session方法
        if not self.session_interface.is_null_session(ctx.session):
     # self.session_interface = SecureCookieSessionInterface()
       #3.4.1.2
        self.save_session(ctx.session, response)
return response

第3.4.1.1步: 到SecureCookieSessionInterface类中找is_null_session方法,发现没有,就去它基类SessionInterface中找

class SessionInterface(object):
    def is_null_session(self, obj):
        #判断ctx.session 是不是 self.null_session_class = NullSession 类或者它派生类的对象
        return isinstance(obj, self.null_session_class)

第3.4.1.2步:执行了SecureCookieSessionInterface类的save_session方法

class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
    def save_session(self, session, response):
        return self.session_interface.save_session(self, session, response)
        # return SecureCookieSessionInterface().save_session(self, session, response)
class SecureCookieSessionInterface(SessionInterface):
    def save_session(self, app, session, response):
        #给响应设置cookie
        response.set_cookie(app.session_cookie_name, val,
                            expires=expires, httponly=httponly,
                            domain=domain, path=path, secure=secure)

补充:自定义session

from flask import Flask,request,session
app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = 'sdfsdfsd'
from flask.sessions import SessionInterface,SessionMixin
import uuid
import json
from flask.sessions import SessionInterface
from flask.sessions import SessionMixin
from itsdangerous import Signer, BadSignature, want_bytes

class MySession(dict, SessionMixin):
    def __init__(self, initial=None, sid=None):
        self.sid = sid
        self.initial = initial
        super(MySession, self).__init__(initial or ())

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        super(MySession, self).__setitem__(key, value)

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return super(MySession, self).__getitem__(item)

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        super(MySession, self).__delitem__(key)


class MySessionInterface(SessionInterface):
    session_class = MySession
    container = {
        # 'asdfasdfasdfas':{'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}
        # 'asdfasdfasdfas':"{'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}"
    }

    def __init__(self):
        pass
        # import redis
        # self.redis = redis.Redis()

    def _generate_sid(self):
        return str(uuid.uuid4())

    def _get_signer(self, app):
        if not app.secret_key:
            return None
        return Signer(app.secret_key, salt='flask-session',
                      key_derivation='hmac')

    def open_session(self, app, request):
        """
        程序刚启动时执行,需要返回一个session对象
        """
        sid = request.cookies.get(app.session_cookie_name)
        if not sid:
            # 生成随机字符串,并将随机字符串添加到 session对象中
            sid = self._generate_sid()
            return self.session_class(sid=sid)

        signer = self._get_signer(app)
        try:
            sid_as_bytes = signer.unsign(sid)
            sid = sid_as_bytes.decode()
        except BadSignature:
            sid = self._generate_sid()
            return self.session_class(sid=sid)

        # session保存在redis中
        # val = self.redis.get(sid)
        # session保存在内存中
        val = self.container.get(sid)

        if val is not None:
            try:
                data = json.loads(val)
                return self.session_class(data, sid=sid)
            except:
                return self.session_class(sid=sid)
        return self.session_class(sid=sid)

    def save_session(self, app, session, response):
        """
        程序结束前执行,可以保存session中所有的值
        如:
            保存到resit
            写入到用户cookie
        """
        domain = self.get_cookie_domain(app)
        path = self.get_cookie_path(app)
        httponly = self.get_cookie_httponly(app)
        secure = self.get_cookie_secure(app)
        expires = self.get_expiration_time(app, session)

        val = json.dumps(dict(session))

        # session保存在redis中
        # self.redis.setex(name=session.sid, value=val, time=app.permanent_session_lifetime)
        # session保存在内存中
        self.container.setdefault(session.sid, val)

        session_id = self._get_signer(app).sign(want_bytes(session.sid))

        response.set_cookie(app.session_cookie_name, session_id,
                            expires=expires, httponly=httponly,
                            domain=domain, path=path, secure=secure)



app.session_interface = MySessionInterface()
# app.session_interface = Foo()
# app.session_interface
# app.make_null_session()
@app.route('/index')
def index():
    print('网站的所有session',MySessionInterface.container)
    print(session)
    session['k1'] = 'v1'
    session['k2'] = 'v2'
    del session['k1']

    # 在内存中操作字典....
    # session['k1'] = 'v1'
    # session['k2'] = 'v2'
    # del session['k1']

    return "xx"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.__call__
    app.run()
自定义类似django的session

第4步:

class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
    def handle_exception(self, e):
        got_request_exception.send(self, exception=e)    #信号 - 请求执行出现异常时执行

第5步: 执行了RequestContextpop 方法

class RequestContext(object):
    def auto_pop(self, exc):
        else:
            self.pop(exc)
class RequestContext(object):
    def pop(self, exc=_sentinel):
     try:
          if not self._implicit_app_ctx_stack:
         #5.1
              self.app.do_teardown_request(exc)
finally:
       # 请求结束时 request上下文的栈中就把请求pop掉 rv
= _request_ctx_stack.pop()
           if app_ctx is not None:
          #5.2
              app_ctx.pop(exc)

第5.1步: 执行  app.do_teardown_request方法

class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
    def do_teardown_request(self, exc=_sentinel):
     # 信号 - 请求执行完毕后自动执行(无论成功与否)
        request_tearing_down.send(self, exc=exc)

第5.2步:

class AppContext(object):
    def pop(self, exc=_sentinel):
        try:
            if self._refcnt <= 0:
          #5.2.1

                self.app.do_teardown_appcontext(exc)
     # 信号 - 请求上下文pop时执行
appcontext_popped.send(self.app)

第5.2.1步:

class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
    def do_teardown_appcontext(self, exc=_sentinel):
        # 信号 - 请求上下文执行完毕后自动执行(无论成功与否)
        appcontext_tearing_down.send(self, exc=exc)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

posted @ 2018-01-17 17:36  Cool·  阅读(698)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报