异步IO
IO操作:读写文件、发送网络数据
在一个线程中,CPU执行代码的速度极快,然而,一旦遇到IO操作,就需要等待IO操作完成。这是同步IO。
由于我们要解决的问题是CPU高速执行能力和IO设备的龟速严重不匹配,多线程和多进程只是解决这一问题的一种方法。
另一种解决IO问题的方法是异步IO。
loop = get_event_loop() while True: event = loop.get_event() process_event(event)
异步IO模型在一个消息循环中,主线程不断地重复“读取消息-处理消息”
Coroutine 即协程,它的优势是只有一个线程
asyncio模块能实现异步IO:
import asyncio @asyncio.coroutine def hello(): print("Hello world!") # 异步调用asyncio.sleep(1): 模拟一个耗时1秒的IO操作,在此期间,主线程并未等待 r = yield from asyncio.sleep(1) print("Hello again!") # 获取EventLoop: loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() # 执行coroutine loop.run_until_complete(hello()) loop.close()
其实多个coroutine可以由一个线程并发执行:
用asyncio的异步网络连接来获取sina、sohu和163的网站首页:
import asyncio @asyncio.coroutine def wget(host): print('wget %s...' % host) connect = asyncio.open_connection(host, 80) reader, writer = yield from connect header = 'GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: %s\r\n\r\n' % host writer.write(header.encode('utf-8')) yield from writer.drain() while True: line = yield from reader.readline() if line == b'\r\n': break print('%s header > %s' % (host, line.decode('utf-8').rstrip())) # Ignore the body, close the socket writer.close() loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() tasks = [wget(host) for host in ['www.sina.com.cn', 'www.sohu.com', 'www.163.com']] loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks)) loop.close()
async和await是针对coroutine的新语法,要使用新的语法,只需要做两步简单的替换:
1.把@asyncio.coroutine替换为async;
2.把yield from替换为await。
async def hello(): print("Hello world!") r = await asyncio.sleep(1) print("Hello again!")
单线程+coroutine实现多用户的高并发(这个才发挥了大作用)
import asyncio from aiohttp import web async def index(request): await asyncio.sleep(0.5) return web.Response(body=b'<h1>Index</h1>') async def hello(request): await asyncio.sleep(0.5) text = '<h1>hello, %s!</h1>' % request.match_info['name'] return web.Response(body=text.encode('utf-8')) async def init(loop): app = web.Application(loop=loop) app.router.add_route('GET', '/', index) app.router.add_route('GET', '/hello/{name}', hello) srv = await loop.create_server(app.make_handler(), '127.0.0.1', 8000) print('Server started at http://127.0.0.1:8000...') return srv loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() loop.run_until_complete(init(loop)) loop.run_forever()
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