flask-博客文章

提交和显示博客文章 

文章模型

class Post(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'posts'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    body = db.Column(db.Text)
    timestamp = db.Column(db.DateTime, index=True, default=datetime.utcnow)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('users.id'))

博客文章表单

app/main/forms.py

class PostForm(FlaskForm):
    body = TextAreaField(u'说说',validators=[Required()])
    submit = SubmitField(u'发表')

处理博客文章的首页路由

app/main/views.py

@main.route('/',methods=['GET','POST'])
def index():
    form = PostForm()
    if current_user.can(Permission.WRITE_ARTICLES)and \
        form.validate_on_submit():
        post = Post(body=form.body.data,author=current_user._get_current_object())
        db.session.add(post)
        db.session.commit()
        return redirect(url_for('.index'))
    posts = Post.query.order_by(Post.timestamp.desc()).all()
    return render_template('index.html',form=form,posts=posts)

显示博客文章的首页模板

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% import 'bootstrap/wtf.html'as wtf %}

{% block title %}Flasky{% endblock %}

{% block page_content %}
    <div class="page-header">
    <h1>欢迎 {% if current_user.is_authenticated %}{{ current_user.username }}{% else %}{% endif %}!</h1>
    </div>
    <div>
    {% if current_user.can(Permission.WRITE_ARTICLES) %}
    {{ wtf.quick_form(form) }}
    {% endif %}
    </div>
    <br/>
    <br/>
    <br/>
    <ul class="posts" style="list-style: none">
{% for post in posts %}
    <li class="post">
        <div class="post-thumbnail">
            <a href="{{ url_for('.user',username=post.author.username) }}">
               <img class="img-rounded profile-thumbnail" src="{{ post.author.gravatar(size=40) }}" style="float: left">
            </a>
        </div>
        <div class="post-date" style="float: right">{{ moment(post.timestamp).fromNow() }}</div>
        <div class="post-author">
            <a href="{{ url_for('.user',username=post.author.username) }}" style="padding-left: 20px">
               {{ post.author.username }}
            </a>
        </div>
        <div class="post-body" style="padding-left: 60px;padding-bottom: 30px" >{{ post.body }}</div>
    </li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>
{% endblock %}
View Code

在资料页中显示博客文章

P118

创建虚拟博客文章数据

安装:pip install forgerypy

生成虚拟用户和博客文章

class User(UserMixin,db.Model):
    #...

    @staticmethod
    def generate_fake(count=100):
        from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
        from random import seed
        import forgery_py

        seed()
        for i in range(count):
            u = User(email=forgery_py.internet.email_address(),
                     username=forgery_py.internet.user_name(True),
                     password=forgery_py.lorem_ipsum.word(),
                     confirmed=True,
                     name=forgery_py.name.full_name(),
                     location=forgery_py.address.city(),
                     about_me=forgery_py.lorem_ipsum.sentence(),
                     member_since=forgery_py.date.date(True))
            db.session.add(u)
            try:
                db.session.commit()
            except IntegrityError:
                db.session.rollback()



class Post(db.Model):
    @staticmethod
    def generate_fake(count=100):
        from random import seed, randint
        import forgery_py

        seed()
        user_count = User.query.count()
        for i in range(count):
            u = User.query.offset(randint(0, user_count - 1)).first()
            p = Post(body=forgery_py.lorem_ipsum.sentences(randint(1, 5)),
                     timestamp=forgery_py.date.date(True),
                     author=u)
            db.session.add(p)
            db.session.commit()
View Code

在puython  shell中生成

  >>>User.genetate_fake(100)

  >>>User.genetate_fake(100)

 在页面中渲染数据

@main.route('/',methods=['GET','POST'])
def index():
    #...
    
    

    page = request.args.get('page',1,type=int)
    pagination = Post.query.order_by(Post.timestamp.desc()).paginate(
        page,per_page=current_app.config['FLASKY_POSTS_PER_PAGE'],
        error_out=False
    )
    posts = pagination.items
    return render_template('index.html',form=form,posts=posts,pagination=pagination)

添加分页导航

分页导航宏

app/templates/_macros.html

{% macro pagination_widget(pagination, endpoint) %}
<ul class="pagination  pagination-lg">
    <li{% if not pagination.has_prev %} class="disabled"{% endif %}>
        <a href="{% if pagination.has_prev %}{{ url_for(endpoint, page=pagination.prev_num, **kwargs) }}{% else %}#{% endif %}">
            &laquo;
        </a>
    </li>
    {% for p in pagination.iter_pages() %}
        {% if p %}
            {% if p == pagination.page %}
            <li class="active">
                <a href="{{ url_for(endpoint, page = p, **kwargs) }}">{{ p }}</a>
            </li>
            {% else %}
            <li>
                <a href="{{ url_for(endpoint, page = p, **kwargs) }}">{{ p }}</a>
            </li>
            {% endif %}
        {% else %}
        <li class="disabled"><a href="#">&hellip;</a></li>
        {% endif %}
    {% endfor %}
    <li{% if not pagination.has_next %} class="disabled"{% endif %}>
        <a href="{% if pagination.has_next %}{{ url_for(endpoint, page=pagination.next_num, **kwargs) }}{% else %}#{% endif %}">
            &raquo;
        </a>
    </li>
</ul>
{% endmacro %}
View Code

在博客文章列表下面添加分页导航:

app/templates/index.html:

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% import 'bootstrap/wtf.html'as wtf %}
{% import "_macros.html" as macros %}

    #...

    {% include '_posts.html' %}   #文章

    {% if pagination %}
<div class="pagination " style="float: right">
    {{ macros.pagination_widget(pagination , '.index') }}
</div>
    {% endif %}

 使用Markdown和Flask-PageDown支持富文本文章

如果用户想发布长文章,就会觉得在格式上受到了限制。那么就需要使用输入文章的多行文本输入框升级,让其支持Markdown语法,还要添加富文本文章的预览功能

  安装: pip install flask-pagedown markdown bleach

  使用Flask-PageDown

  初始化:

from flask_pagedown import PageDown

pagedown = PageDown()
def create_app(config_name):

    pagedown.init_app(app)


    return app

若想把首页的输入框改成Markdown富文本编辑器,PostForm表单中的body字段进行修改。

from flask_pagedown.fields import PageDownField

class PostForm(FlaskForm):
    body = PageDownField(u'发表文章',validators=[Required()])
    submit = SubmitField(u'确定')

Flask-Pagedown模板声明

{% block scripts %}
{{ super() }}
{{ pagedown.include_pagedown() }}
{% endblock %}

在服务器上处理富文本

提交表单后,POST请求只会发送纯Markdown文本,页面中显示的HTML预览会被丢掉。安全起见,只提交Markdown源文本,在服务器上使用Markdown将其转换成HTML。得到HTML后,再使用Bleach进行清理,确保其中只包含几个允许使用的HTML标签

 

class Post(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'posts'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    body = db.Column(db.Text)
    timestamp = db.Column(db.DateTime, index=True, default=datetime.utcnow)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('users.id'))
    body_html = db.Column(db.Text)
    
    @staticmethod
    def on_changed_body(target,value,oldvalue,initiator):
        allowed_tags = ['a','abbr','acronym','b','blockquote','code',
                        'em','i','li','ol','pre','strong','ul',
                        'h1','h2','h3','p']
        target.body_html =bleach.linkify(bleach.clean(markdown(value,output_format='html'),tags=allowed_tags,strip=True))

markdown()函数初步把Markdown文本转换成HTML。然后把得到的结果和允许使用的HTML标签列表传给clean()函数。clean()函数删除所有不在白名单的标签。转换的最后一步由linkify()函数完成,这个函数由Bleach提供,把纯文本中的URL转换成适当的<a>标签。

最后,如果post.body_html字段存在,还要把post.body换成post.body_html:

app/templates/_posts.hrml:在模板中使用文章内容的HTML格式

<div class="post-body" >
    {% if post.body_html %}
        {{ post.body_html | safe }}
    {% else %}
        {{ post.body }}
    {% endif %}
</div>

 

博客文章的固定链接

app/main/views.py:文章的固定链接

@main.route('/post/<int:id>')
def post(id):
    post = Post.query.get_or_404(id)
    return render_template('post.html',posts=[post])

post.html模板接受一个列表作为参数,这个列表就是要渲染的文章。这里必须要传入列表,因为只有这样,index.html和user。html引用的_posts.html模板才能在这个页面中使用。

app/templates/_posts.html:文章的固定链接

        <a href="{{ url_for('.post',id=post.id) }}">
            <span class="label label-default">文章</span>
        </a>

app/templates/post.html:固定链接模板

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Flask - Post{% endblock %}

{% block page_content %}
{% include '_posts.html' %}
{% endblock %}

博客文章编辑器

aapp/main/views.py:编辑博客文章的路由,管理员可以编辑所有的文章

@main.route('/edit/<int:id>',methods=['GET','POST'])
@login_required
def edit(id):
    post = Post.query.get_or_404(id)
    if current_user != post.author and \
        not current_user.can(Permission.ADMINISTER):
        abort(403)
    form = PostForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        post.body =  form.body.data
        db.session.add(post)
        db.session.commit()
        flash('The post has been updated.')
        return redirect(url_for('.post',id=post.id))
    form.body.data = post.body
    return render_template('edit_post.html',form=form)

app/templates/_posts.html:编辑博客文章的链接

        {% if current_user == post.author %}
        <a href="{{ url_for('.edit',id=post.id) }}">
            <span class="label label-primary">编辑</span>
    </a>
        {% elif current_user.is_administrator() %}
        <a href="{{ url_for('.edit',id=post.id) }}">
            <span class="label label-danger">编辑</span>
        </a>
        {% endif %}
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app/templates/edit_post.html:编辑博客文章的模板.

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% import 'bootstrap/wtf.html'as wtf %}

{% block title %}Flask-edit{% endblock %}
{% block page_content %}
<div class="page-header">
    <h1>Edit Post</h1>
</div>
<div>
    {{ wtf.quick_form(form) }}
</div>
{% endblock %}

{% block scripts %}
{{ super() }}
{{ pagedown.include_pagedown() }}
{% endblock %}
View Code

 

posted @ 2017-08-25 22:52  换季  阅读(660)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报