rest-framework之认证组件
一 认证简介
只有认证通过的用户才能访问指定的url地址,比如:查询课程信息,需要登录之后才能查看,没有登录,就不能查看,这时候需要用到认证组件
二 局部使用
(1)models层:
class User(models.Model): username=models.CharField(max_length=32) password=models.CharField(max_length=32) user_type=models.IntegerField(choices=((1,'超级用户'),(2,'普通用户'),(3,'二笔用户'))) class UserToken(models.Model): user=models.OneToOneField(to='User') token=models.CharField(max_length=64)
(2)新建认证类(验证通过return两个参数)
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication class TokenAuth(): def authenticate(self, request): token = request.GET.get('token') token_obj = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first() if token_obj: return else: raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败') def authenticate_header(self,request): pass
(3)view层
def get_random(name): import hashlib import time md=hashlib.md5() md.update(bytes(str(time.time()),encoding='utf-8')) md.update(bytes(name,encoding='utf-8')) return md.hexdigest() class Login(APIView): def post(self,reuquest): back_msg={'status':1001,'msg':None} try: name=reuquest.data.get('name') pwd=reuquest.data.get('pwd') user=models.User.objects.filter(username=name,password=pwd).first() if user: token=get_random(name) models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={'token':token}) back_msg['status']='1000' back_msg['msg']='登录成功' back_msg['token']=token else: back_msg['msg'] = '用户名或密码错误' except Exception as e: back_msg['msg']=str(e) return Response(back_msg) class Course(APIView): authentication_classes = [TokenAuth, ] def get(self, request): return HttpResponse('get') def post(self, request): return HttpResponse('post')
附:不存数据库的token验证
def get_token(id,salt='123'): import hashlib md=hashlib.md5() md.update(bytes(str(id),encoding='utf-8')) md.update(bytes(salt,encoding='utf-8')) return md.hexdigest()+'|'+str(id) def check_token(token,salt='123'): ll=token.split('|') import hashlib md=hashlib.md5() md.update(bytes(ll[-1],encoding='utf-8')) md.update(bytes(salt,encoding='utf-8')) if ll[0]==md.hexdigest(): return True else: return False class TokenAuth(): def authenticate(self, request): token = request.GET.get('token') success=check_token(token) if success: return else: raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败') def authenticate_header(self,request): pass class Login(APIView): def post(self,reuquest): back_msg={'status':1001,'msg':None} try: name=reuquest.data.get('name') pwd=reuquest.data.get('pwd') user=models.User.objects.filter(username=name,password=pwd).first() if user: token=get_token(user.pk) # models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={'token':token}) back_msg['status']='1000' back_msg['msg']='登录成功' back_msg['token']=token else: back_msg['msg'] = '用户名或密码错误' except Exception as e: back_msg['msg']=str(e) return Response(back_msg) from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication class TokenAuth(): def authenticate(self, request): token = request.GET.get('token') token_obj = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first() if token_obj: return else: raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败') def authenticate_header(self,request): pass class Course(APIView): authentication_classes = [TokenAuth, ] def get(self, request): return HttpResponse('get') def post(self, request): return HttpResponse('post')
总结:局部使用,只需要在视图类里加入:
authentication_classes = [TokenAuth, ]
三 全局使用
REST_FRAMEWORK={ "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",] }
四 源码分析
#Request对象的user方法 @property def user(self): the authentication classes provided to the request. if not hasattr(self, '_user'): with wrap_attributeerrors(): self._authenticate() return self._user def _authenticate(self): for authenticator in self.authenticators: try: user_auth_tuple = authenticator.authenticate(self) except exceptions.APIException: self._not_authenticated() raise #认证成功,可以返回一个元组,但必须是最后一个验证类才能返回 if user_auth_tuple is not None: self._authenticator = authenticator self.user, self.auth = user_auth_tuple return self._not_authenticated()
self.authenticators
def get_authenticators(self): return [auth() for auth in self.authentication_classes]
认证类使用顺序:先用视图类中的验证类,再用settings里配置的验证类,最后用默认的验证类