SSH框架搭建全过程详解
本项目使用Struts2+spring3+hibernate3；
第一步：引入jar包，具体需要哪些包根据实际情况加入。注意：把jar包导入后需要对所有包Add to Build Path;然后对工程名右键Build Path——>configure Build Path——>Add External JARS选择tomcat路径，添加"servlet-api.jar" "el-api.jar" "jsp-api.jar" 这三个jar包。
：
第二步：配置applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="ssh.demo.dao,ssh.demo.service,ssh.demo.action" />
<import resource="dao.xml"/>
<import resource="service.xml"/>
</beans>
我把配置根据作用对象不同分别写在两个配置文件中，再在applicationContext.xml文件中import.
1.dao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">
<!--c3p0连接池参数设置说明 -->
<!--maxPoolSize表示连接池中保留的最大连接数，default为15 -->
<!--minPoolSize表示连接池中保留的最小连接数 -->
<!--initialPoolSize表示初始化时获取的连接数，取值应该在maxPoolSize和minPoolSize之间，default为3 -->
<!--maxIdleTime表示最大空闲时间，60秒内未使用则连接被丢弃，若为0则永不丢弃，default为0 -->
<!--acquireIncrement当连接池用连接被耗尽的时候c3p0一次同时获取的连接数，default 3 -->
<!--maxStatements,JDBC的标准参数，用于控制数据源内加载的PreparedStatements数量，但由于预缓存的statements属于单个connection而不是整个连接池。
所以设置这个参数需要考虑到多方面的因素。如果maxStatements与maxStatementsPerConnection均为0，则缓存被关闭，default 0 -->
<!--idleConnectionTestPeriod表示每多少秒检查连接池中的空闲连接，default 0 -->
<!--acquireRetryAttempts定义在数据库获取新连接失败后重新尝试的次数，default -->
<!--breakAfterAcquireFailure获取连接失败将会引起所有等待连接池来获取连接的线程抛出异常。但是数据源仍有效保留，并在下次调用getConnection()的时候继
续尝试获取连接。如果设为true，那么在尝试获取连接失败后该数据源将申明已断开并永久关闭。Default: false -->
<!--testConnectionOnCheckout因性能消耗大请只在需要的时候使用它。如果设为true那么在每个connection提交的时候都将校验其有效性。建议使用
idleConnectionTestPeriod或automaticTestTable等方法来提升连接测试的性能。Default: false -->
<!-- <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sshanno" />
<property name="user" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="root" />
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="20" />
<property name="minPoolSize" value="5" />
<property name="maxStatements" value="50" />
<property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800" />
</bean> -->
<!-- location值为参数配置文件的位置 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<!--dbcp连接池参数设置说明 -->
<!--initialSize表示池启动时创建的连接数量 -->
<!--maxActive表示同一时间可以从池分配的最多连接数量，设置为0时表示无限制 -->
<!--maxIdle表示池里不会释放的最多的空闲的连接数量，设置为0时表示无限制 -->
<!--minIdle表示在不新建连接条件下，池中保持空闲的最少连接数 -->
<!--removeAbandoned设置自动回收超时连接，value为true或false -->
<!--removeAbandonedTimeout设置自动回收超时时间（以秒数为单位） -->
<!--logAbandoned设置在自动回收超时连接的时候打印连接的超时错误，value为true或false -->
<!--maxWait等待超时以毫秒为单位，在抛出异常前，池等待连接被回收的最长时间（当没有可用连接时），设置为-1表示无限等待 -->
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
destroy-method="close"
p:driverClassName="${driverClassName}"
p:url="${url}"
p:username="${username}"
p:password="${password}"
p:maxActive="${maxActive}"
p:maxIdle="${maxIdle}"
p:minIdle="${minIdle}"/>
<!--在hibernate3中获取sessionFactory ，hibernate4则class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean" -->
<!--设置属性说明 -->
<!--hibernate.dialect设置方言 -->
<!--hibernate.format_sql输出格式化的sql -->
<!--hibernate.show_sql控制台输出sql -->
<!--hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto 自动创建|更新|验证数据库表结构。有以下几个参数：
create：每次加载hibernate时都会删除上一次的生成的表，然后根据你的model类再重新来生成新表，哪怕两次没有任何改变也要这样执行，这就是导致数据库表数据丢失的一个重要原因。
create-drop：每次加载hibernate时根据model类生成表，但是sessionFactory一关闭,表就自动删除。
update：最常用的属性，第一次加载hibernate时根据model类会自动建立起表的结构（前提是先建立好数据库），以后加载hibernate时根据 model类自动更新表结构，即使表结构改变了
但表中的行仍然存在不会删除以前的行。要注意的是当部署到服务器后，表结构是不会被马上建立起来的，是要等 应用第一次运行起来后才会。
validate ：每次加载hibernate时，验证创建数据库表结构，只会和数据库中的表进行比较，不会创建新表，但是会插入新值。 -->
<!--current_session_context_class使用缓存机制。(hibernate3：Thread或jta);(hibernate4:org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.SpringSessionContext) -->
<!--hibernate.cache.provider_class 使用Ehcache缓存;hibernate3是org.hibernate.cache.HashtableCacheProvider;hibernate4是net.sf.ehcache.hibernate.EhCacheProvider -->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource">
<ref bean="dataSource"/>
</property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</prop>
<!-- <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2005Dialect</prop> -->
<!-- <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</prop> -->
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
<prop key="current_session_context_class">Thread</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.HashtableCacheProvider</prop>
</props>
</property>
<!--自动扫描（实体类）注解包：实体类位置为：com.spring.mvc.entities.User,不能写成：com.spring.mvc.entities,而要写成：com.spring.mvc,packagesToScan要比实际上前一层-->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="ssh.demo..*"/>
<!-- 对于annotatedClasses只能一个类一个类的写，不能用*通配符 。可以用packagesToScan扫描包的方式代替annotatedClasses方式-->
<!-- <property>
<list>
<value>ssh.demo.*</value>
</list>
</property> -->
<!--上面的方法是错误的，下面的方法才是正确的。但是当类很多时，可以用packagesToScan扫描包的方式代替 -->
<!-- <property name="annotatedClasses">
<list>
<value>ssh.demo.domain.User</value>
<value>ssh.demo.domain.UserLog</value>
<value>ssh.demo.domain.Product</value>
</list>
</property> -->
</bean>
<!--hibernate3.1以及以上版本取消了hibernateTemplate，hibernate4需要通过getCurrentSession()获取session -->
<bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate"
p:sessionFactory-ref="sessionFactory" />
</beans>
上面设置数据源时使用了外部参数配置文件：jdbc.properties
driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sshanno?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username=root
password=root
maxActive=50
maxIdle=40
minIdle=10
#driverClassName=net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver
#url=jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://localhost:1433;databaseName=ssh
#username=sa
#password=sa
#maxActive=50
#maxIdle=40
#minIdle=10
#driverClassName=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
#url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl
#username=cd
#password=cd
#maxActive=50
#maxIdle=40
#minIdle=10
2.service.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">
<!--spring对hibernate的事务管理 -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"
p:sessionFactory-ref="sessionFactory">
</bean>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* ssh.demo.service..*(..))" id="serviceMethod"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="serviceMethod"/>
</aop:config>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<!--默认：
isolation:DEFAULT
propagation:REQUIRED
timeout:-1 事物超时时间由底层事物系统决定
read-only:false
rollback-for:所有允许异常回滚
no-rollback-for:所有检查异常不回滚 -->
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="do*"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
</beans>
第三步：配置struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- 自动扫描action包 -->
<!-- 注解需要的jar包：struts2-convention-plugin -->
<!-- <constant name="struts.convention.default.parent.package" value="default" /> -->
<constant name="struts.convention.package.locators" value="action" />
<constant name="struts.convention.classes.reload" value="true" />
<!-- <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring"/> -->
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<!-- <action name="product" class="ssh.demo.action.ProdutAction" method="getProducts">
<result name="success">/product.jsp?preparedProducts=true</result>
</action> -->
</package>
</struts>
第四步：配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>ssh</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<context-param>
<param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
<!-- <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties</param-value> -->
<param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>
<param-value>3000</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!-- <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext.xml</param-value> -->
<param-value>classpath*:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- strut2 dispatcher -->
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
<!--
为了页面能用jsp:forward，否则struts2接管请求，跳不到action去。
-->
<dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
<dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>
<dispatcher>INCLUDE</dispatcher>
</filter-mapping>
<!--为解决lazy=true在jsp页面上遍历数据，此时相关类（one2many）再查找，没有session的情况 -->
<!--getCurrentSession()事务会自动关闭，所以在所有jsp页面查询数据都会关闭session。要想在jsp查询数据库需要加入下面这个 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter
</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
第五步：新建实体类
package ssh.demo.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import org.hibernate.annotations.BatchSize;
/**
* 用户表
*
* 一般不要使用catalog属性，
* catalog是对应数据库名称，比如：在MySQL中数据库名称是ssh
* 但在MSSQL中，不使用catalog，使用的是schema
* MSSQL默认的schema是dbo
* @author fox
*
*/
@Entity
@Table(name="tbl_user")
public class User implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8992313421496945642L;
/**
* Oracle 下查看序列命令：select * from user_sequences
*/
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name="user_id")
private Long id;
@Column(name="user_loginname", unique=true, nullable=false)
private String loginName;
@Column(name="user_loginpassword", nullable=false)
private String loginPassword;
@OneToMany(mappedBy="user", fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
@BatchSize(size=10)
private Set<UserLog> userLogs = new HashSet<UserLog>();
public Set<UserLog> getUserLogs() {
return userLogs;
}
public void setUserLogs(Set<UserLog> userLogs) {
this.userLogs = userLogs;
}
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getLoginName() {
return loginName;
}
public void setLoginName(String loginName) {
this.loginName = loginName;
}
public String getLoginPassword() {
return loginPassword;
}
public void setLoginPassword(String loginPassword) {
this.loginPassword = loginPassword;
}
}
package ssh.demo.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;
/**
* 用户登录情况表
*
* @author fox
*
*/
@Entity
@Table(name="tbl_userlog")
public class UserLog implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6520978050619047269L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name="userlog_id")
private Long id;
@Column(name="userlog_date", nullable=false)
private Date date;
@Column(name="userlog_type")
private String type;
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name="user_id")
private User user;
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Date getDate() {
return date;
}
public void setDate(Date date) {
this.date = date;
}
}
tbl_user表和tbl_userlog表是一对多的关系。
第六步：controller层
package ssh.demo.action;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware;
import org.springframework.web.context.ServletContextAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class BaseAction extends ActionSupport implements ServletContextAware,
ServletRequestAware, ServletResponseAware {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2778286744226080905L;
protected HttpServletRequest request;
protected HttpServletResponse response;
protected HttpSession session;
protected ServletContext application;
@Override
public void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
this.response = response;
}
@Override
public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
this.request = request;
this.session = this.request.getSession();
}
@Override
public void setServletContext(ServletContext application) {
this.application = application;
}
}
package ssh.demo.action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Results;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import ssh.demo.domain.User;
import ssh.demo.service.UserService;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
/**
* 使用注解的方式配置，struts2的action不再是单例，不需要加@scope("prototype")
* 而此时，service和dao默认还是单例
* @author fox
*
*/
@Controller
@Results({
@Result(name = "input", location = "/login.jsp", type="redirect" , params={"error", "1"}),
@Result(name = "success", location = "/index.jsp", type="redirect")})
public class LoginAction extends BaseAction implements ModelDriven<User> {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6335887400814653355L;
public LoginAction(){
System.out.println("---LoginAction 构造函数---");
}
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
private User user = new User();
public User getModel() {
return this.user;
}
@Action("/doLogin")
public String doLogin() throws Exception {
System.out.println("--Hello--");
System.out.println(this.user.getLoginName());
System.out.println(this.user.getLoginPassword());
System.out.println(this.request.getParameter("loginName"));
System.out.println(this.request.getParameter("loginPassword"));
System.out.println(this.userService);
User u = this.userService.getUserLogin(this.user.getLoginName(), this.user.getLoginPassword());
if(u == null) {
System.out.println("--登录失败---");
return INPUT;
} else {
System.out.println("--登录成功---");
this.userService.doSaveUserLog(u);
return SUCCESS;
}
}
}
第七步：service层
package ssh.demo.service;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import ssh.demo.dao.UserDao;
import ssh.demo.dao.UserLogDao;
import ssh.demo.domain.User;
import ssh.demo.domain.UserLog;
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
public UserServiceImpl(){
System.out.println("---UserService 构造函数---");
}
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@Autowired
private UserLogDao userLogDao;
@Override
public User getUserLogin(String loginName, String loginPassword) {
return this.userDao.getUser(loginName, loginPassword);
}
}
第八步：dao层
package ssh.demo.dao;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateCallback;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate;
import ssh.demo.domain.User;
@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends BaseDao implements UserDao{
public UserDaoImpl(){
System.out.println("---UserDao 构造函数---");
}
@Autowired
protected HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
@Override
public User getUser(final String name, final String password) {
System.out.println(this.hibernateTemplate);
return (User)this.hibernateTemplate.execute(new HibernateCallback<Object>() {
@Override
public Object doInHibernate(Session session) throws HibernateException,
SQLException {
return session
.createQuery("from User u where u.loginName=:name and u.loginPassword=:password")
.setString("name", name)
.setString("password", password)
.uniqueResult();
}
});
}
@Override
public void saveUser(User user) {
this.hibernateTemplate.save(user);
}
@Override
public List<User> getUsers() {
return this.hibernateTemplate.loadAll(User.class);
}
}
最后补充：为了方便在控制台看见后台操作的结果，能够输出后台执行情况，再加一个文件log4j.properties
1 ##OFF->FATAL->ERROR->WARN->INFO->DEBUG->ALL
2 ##ERROR->WARN->INFO->DEBUG
3 # define a logger named CONSOLE
4 log4j.rootLogger=INFO, CONSOLE
5 # CONSOLE logger - console
6 log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
7 # COSOLE Layout
8 log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
9 # CONSOLE format Layout
10 log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} %c:(%F:%L) - %m%n
到这里，再写好相应的jsp页面就可以运行一个springmvc的网站了。
