26.bulk批量操作
主要知识点
1、bulk语法
2、bulk使用时的注意事项
3、bulk size 对es性能的影响
一、bulk语法
每一个操作要两个json串(delete操作除外),每个json串占一行不能换行,语法如下:
{"action": {"metadata"}}
{"data"}
具体写法如下:
{"index": {"_index": "test_index", "_type", "test_type", "_id": "1"}}
{"test_field1": "test1", "test_field2": "test2"}
二、用法举例
POST /_bulk
{"delete":{"_index":"test_index","_type":"test_type","_id":10}}
{"create":{"_index":"test_index","_type":"test_type","_id":12}}
{"test_field": "test field 12"}
{"create":{"_index":"test_index","_type":"test_type","_id":2}}
{"test_field": "recreate test field 2"}
{"index":{"_index":"test_index","_type":"test_type","_id":2,"_retry_on_conflict":3}}
{"test_field2": "reindex test field2"}
{"update": {"_index":"test_index","_type":"test_type","_id":1}}
{"doc":{"test_field1": "partial update test field2"}}
执行结果如下:
{
"took": 189,
"errors": true,
"items": [
{
"delete": {
"found": true,
"_index": "test_index",
"_type": "test_type",
"_id": "10",
"_version": 2,
"result": "deleted",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"status": 200
}
},
{
"create": {
"_index": "test_index",
"_type": "test_type",
"_id": "14",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"created": true,
"status": 201
}
},
{
"create": {
"_index": "test_index",
"_type": "test_type",
"_id": "2",
"status": 409,
"error": {
"type": "version_conflict_engine_exception",
"reason": "[test_type][2]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [5])",
"index_uuid": "d5YEp9EjTKevAC315oXfwA",
"shard": "2",
"index": "test_index"
}
}
},
{
"index": {
"_index": "test_index",
"_type": "test_type",
"_id": "2",
"_version": 6,
"result": "updated",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"created": false,
"status": 200
}
},
{
"update": {
"_index": "test_index",
"_type": "test_type",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 3,
"result": "noop",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"status": 200
}
}
]
}
可以看出,第一个deleter操作成功,第二个create操作成功,第三个create操作不成功(因为原_id=2的document已存在)第四个index操作成功,做全量替换,第五个update操作成功,
三、bulk可以执行的操作类型
(1)delete:删除一个文档,只要1个json串就可以了
(2)create:PUT /index/type/id/_create,强制创建
(3)index:普通的put操作,可以是创建文档,也可以是全量替换文档
(4)update:执行的partial update操作
四、其他写法
(1)当所有的操作都作用于同一个index时:
POST /test_index/_bulk
{ "delete": { "_type": "test_type", "_id": "3" }}
{ "create": { "_type": "test_type", "_id": "12" }}
{ "test_field": "test12" }
{ "index": { "_type": "test_type" }}
{ "test_field": "auto-generate id test" }
{ "index": { "_type": "test_type", "_id": "2" }}
{ "test_field": "replaced test2" }
{ "update": { "_type": "test_type", "_id": "1", "_retry_on_conflict" : 3} }
{ "doc" : {"test_field2" : "bulk test1"} }
(2)当所有的操作都作用于同一个index下的同一个type时:
POST /test_index/test_type/_bulk
{ "delete": { "_id": "3" }}
{ "create": { "_id": "12" }}
{ "test_field": "test12" }
{ "index": { }}
{ "test_field": "auto-generate id test" }
{ "index": { "_id": "2" }}
{ "test_field": "replaced test2" }
{ "update": { "_id": "1", "_retry_on_conflict" : 3} }
{ "doc" : {"test_field2" : "bulk test1"} }
五、bulk size对性能的影响
bulk request会加载到内存里,如果太大的话,性能反而会下降,因此需要反复尝试一个最佳的bulk size。一般从1000~5000条数据开始,尝试逐渐增加。另外,如果看大小的话,最好是在5~15MB之间。
六、 bulk语法的注意事项
1、bulk api对json的语法有严格的要求,每个json串不能换行,只能放一行,同时一个json串和一个json串之间,必须有一个换行。
2、bulk操作中,任意一个操作失败,是不会影响其他的操作的,但是在返回结果里,es会告诉异常日志