Oracle_日期型数据

以 2008-11-2113:45:25 为例:

 

格式

说明

结果

yy

两位年

08

yyy

三位年

008

yyyy

四位年

2008

mm

数字表示

11

mon

字符集简写表示

11月,若是英文版,则显示nov

month

字符集全写表示

11月,若是英文版,则显示november

dd

当月第几天

21

ddd

当年第几天

21

dy

当周第几天简写

星期五,若是英文版,则显示fri

day

当周第几天全写

星期五,若是英文版,则显示friday

ddspth

拼写

twenty-first

hh

12小时进制

01 (范围:1:00:00 - 12:59:59)

hh24

24小时进制

13 (范围:0:00:00 - 23:59:59)

mi

60进制

45

ss

60进制

25

其它

Q

季度

4

WW

当年第几周

44

W

当月第几周

1

例如:

select to_char(sysdate) "默认",
to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy') "dd-mm-yyyy",
to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd') "yyyy-mm-dd",
to_char(sysdate,'yy') "yy",
to_char(sysdate,'yyy') "yyy",
to_char(sysdate,'yyyy') "yyyy",
to_char(sysdate,'mm') "数字月",
to_char(sysdate,'mon') "简写月",
to_char(sysdate,'month') "全写月",
to_char(sysdate,'d') "当周第几天",
to_char(sysdate,'dd') "当月第几天",
to_char(sysdate,'ddd') "当年第几天",
to_char(sysdate,'dy') "当周第几天简写",
to_char(sysdate,'day') "当周第几天全写",
to_char(sysdate,'ddspth') "ddspth",
to_char(sysdate,'Q') "季度",
to_char(sysdate,'WW') "当年第几周",
to_char(sysdate,'W') "当月第几周",
to_char(sysdate,'hh24:mi:ss') "hh24:mi:ss",
to_char(sysdate,'yy-mm-dd') "yy-mm-dd",
to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd') "yyyy-mm-dd",
to_char(sysdate,'yy-mm-dd hh12:mi:ss') "yy-mm-dd hh12:mi:ss",
to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh12:mi:ss') "yyyy-mm-dd hh12:mi:ss",
to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"
from dual;

● to_char()

日期和字符串之间的转换:

select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') as nowTime from dual;
select to_date('2008-11-21 13:45:25','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;

获得某天是星期几:

select to_char(to_date('2008-11-21 13:45:25','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day') from dual;
select to_char(to_date('2008-11-21 13:45:25','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE =American') from dual;

● round() 舍入到最接近的日期

select sysdate S1,
round(sysdate)S2,
round(sysdate,'year') YEAR,
round(sysdate,'month') MONTH,
round(sysdate,'day') DAY
from dual;

● trunc() 截断到最接近的日期(单位为天)

select sysdate S1,
trunc(sysdate)S2, /*返回当前日期,无时分秒 */
trunc(sysdate,'year') YEAR, /*返回当前年的1月1日,无时分秒 */
trunc(sysdate,'month') MONTH, /*返回当前月的1日,无时分秒 */
trunc(sysdate,'day') DAY /*返回当前星期的星期天,无时分秒 */
from dual;

● next_day(datetime,day) 返回下个星期的日期,day为“1~7”或“星期日~星期六”,“1”表示星期日

select next_day(to_date('2008-11-21', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), 6) from dual;

● last_day()

最后一天:

select last_day(sysdate) from dual;

查找月的第一和最后一天:

select Trunc(Trunc(SYSDATE, 'MONTH') - 1, 'MONTH') First_Day_Last_Month,
Trunc(SYSDATE,'MONTH') - 1 / 86400 Last_Day_Last_Month,Trunc(SYSDATE,'MONTH') First_Day_Cur_Month,
LAST_DAY(Trunc(SYSDATE,'MONTH')) + 1 - 1 / 86400 Last_Day_Cur_Month from dual;

● add_months()

当前日期减到两个月:

select add_months(last_day(sysdate) + 1, -2) from dual;

获得今年天数:

select add_months(trunc(sysdate, 'year'), 12) - trunc(sysdate, 'year') from dual;

● new_time() 时区处理

select to_char(NEW_TIME(sysdate, 'GMT', 'EST'), 'dd/mm/yyyy hh:mi:ss'),sysdate from dual;

● greatest() 返回日期列表中最晚的日期

select greatest('01-1月-04', '04-1月-04', '10-2月-04') from dual;

● 拼写

select to_char( to_date(222,'J'),'Jsp') from dual;

显示:Two HundredTwenty-Two

● 日期运算。Oracle时间相加减以天为单位,设变量为n,换算成年、月、日

select floor(to_number(sysdate - to_date('2007-11-02 15:55:03','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')) / 365) "相差年" from dual;
select floor(sysdate - to_date('20081121', 'yyyymmdd')) "相差天数" from dual;
select floor(sysdate - to_date('20081121', 'yyyy-mm-dd')) "相差天数" from dual;
select floor(sysdate - to_date('2008-11-21', 'yyyy-mm-dd')) "相差天数" from dual;
select floor(to_number(sysdate - to_date('2008-11-21', 'yyyy-mm-dd'))) "相差天数" from dual;
select months_between(to_date('2008-12-01', 'yyyy-mm-dd'),to_date('2008-10-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) "相差月" from dual;
select months_between(to_date('2008-2-1', 'yyyy-mm-dd'),to_date('2007-12-31','yyyy-mm-dd')) "相差月" from dual;
select floor(to_number(sysdate - to_date('2008-10-21 24:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')) * 24) "相差时" from dual;
select floor(to_number(sysdate - to_date('2008-10-21 24:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')) * 24 * 60) "相差分" from dual;
select floor(to_number(sysdate - to_date('2008-10-21 24:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')) * 24 * 60 * 60) "相差秒" from dual;
select to_char(sysdate, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),to_char(sysdate + n * 365, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "改变时间-年" from dual;
select to_char(sysdate, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),add_months(sysdate,n) "改变时间-月" from dual;
select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),to_char(sysdate + n, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "改变时间-日" from dual;
select to_char(sysdate, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),to_char(sysdate + n / 24, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "改变时间-时" from dual;
select to_char(sysdate, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),to_char(sysdate + n / 24 / 60, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "改变时间-分" from dual;
select to_char(sysdate, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),to_char(sysdate + n / 24 / 60 / 60, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "改变时间-秒" from dual;

● 设置日期格式

日期格式要看你安装的ORACLE字符集的类型,如:US7ASCII,日期是'01-Jan-01':

alter system set NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American
alter session set NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American

或者在 to_date 中写:

select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American') from dual;

可以用如下SQL语句查看参数:

select * from nls_session_parameters;

显示:

PARAMETER VALUE
NLS_LANGUAGESIMPLIFIED CHINESE
NLS_TERRITORY CHINA
NLS_CURRENCY RMB
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY CHINA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS.,
NLS_CALENDAR GREGORIAN
NLS_DATE_FORMAT DD-MON-RR
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE SIMPLIFIED CHINESE
NLS_SORT BINARY
NLS_TIME_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY RMB
NLS_COMP BINARY
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS BYTE
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP FALSE

select *from V$NLS_PARAMETERS;

显示:

PARAMETER VALUE
NLS_LANGUAGESIMPLIFIED CHINESE
NLS_TERRITORY CHINA
NLS_CURRENCY RMB
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY CHINA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS.,
NLS_CALENDAR GREGORIAN
NLS_DATE_FORMAT DD-MON-RR
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGESIMPLIFIED CHINESE
NLS_CHARACTERSET ZHS16GBK
NLS_SORT BINARY
NLS_TIME_FORMATHH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY RMB
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET AL16UTF16
NLS_COMP BINARY
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS BYTE
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP FALSE

posted @ 2011-08-29 20:51  船长&CAP  阅读(464)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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