java中unmodifiableList方法的应用场景

java对象中primitive类型变量可以通过不提供set方法保证不被修改,但对象的List成员在提供get方法后,就可以随意add、remove改变其结构,这不是希望的结果。网上看了下,发现Collections的静态方法unmodifiableList可以达到目的。方法原型为:public static <T> List<T> unmodifiableList(List<? extends T> list);用法也很简单,传入一个List实例la,返回这个list的只读视图lb,类型依然是List。之后对lb进行addremove等改变其内容的操作将导致编译不通过。

首先举例描述问题:

Student.java

package com.liulei.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by Liulei on 2017/5/31.
 */
public class Student {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private List<String> courses;

    public Student(){
        courses = new ArrayList<String>();
    }
    public Student(String name,int age,List<String> courses){
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.courses = courses;
    }

    public List<String> getCourses(){
        return this.courses;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void describe(){
        System.out.println(this.name);
        System.out.println(this.age);
        for (String course:courses){
            System.out.println(course);
        }
    }


}

 App.java

package com.liulei.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Hello world!
 *
 */
public class App
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        ArrayList<String> courses = new ArrayList<String>();
        courses.add("Math");
        courses.add("Chinese");

        Student student = new Student("Alice",18,courses);
        student.describe();
        List<String> myCourses = student.getCourses();
        myCourses.add("English");
        student.describe();

    }
}

执行结果:

Alice

18

Math

Chinese

Alice

18

Math

Chinese

English

虽然只有getCourse,但依然可以被加上1English。使用unmodifiableList可以解决这个问题,将StudentgetCourses改写:

public List<String> getCourses(){
        return Collections.unmodifiableList(this.courses);
    }

 再次执行,编译器提示出错:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException

at java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableCollection.add(Collections.java:1055)

总结,使用unmodifiableList可以保证对象的list内容不被意料之外地修改,保证对象的封装性。

 

posted @ 2017-05-31 21:44  像条狗汪汪叫  阅读(1722)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报