Mybatis源码学习之事务管理(八)
简述
在实际开发中,数据库事务的控制是一件非常重要的工作,本文将学习Mybatis对事务的管理机制。在Mybatis中基于接口 Transaction 将事务分为两种,一种是JdbcTransaction, 另一种是ManagedTransaction,接下来本文将从源码的角度解读 Transaction 接口的不同实现及其区别。
MyBatis将事务抽象成 Transaction 接口,该接口包含了数据库事务应有的操作,包括创建(create)、提交(commit)、回滚(rollback)、关闭(close),如下类图
MyBatis的事务管理分为两种形式:
一、使用JDBC的事务管理机制:利用java.sql.Connection对象完成对事务的提交(commit())、回滚(rollback())、关闭(close())等
二、使用MANAGED的事务管理机制:这种机制是让容器如(JBOSS,Weblogic)来实现对事务的管理
Mybatis事务的使用
通常我们会通过mybatis.xml配置事务的使用机制,如下 使用JDBC事务管理机制
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
</configuration>
Mybatis事务工厂创建
MyBatis事务的创建是交给TransactionFactory 事务工厂来创建的,如果我们将的type 配置为”JDBC”,那么,在MyBatis初始化解析节点时,会根据type=”JDBC”创建一个JdbcTransactionFactory工厂,源码如下:
/**
* 解析<transactionManager>节点,创建对应的TransactionFactory
*
* @param context xml配置节点信息
* @return TransactionFactory
*/
private TransactionFactory transactionManagerElement(XNode context) throws Exception {
if (context != null) {
//获取事务管理机制的类型
String type = context.getStringAttribute("type");
Properties props = context.getChildrenAsProperties();
//根据事务管理机制类型创建对应的事务管理工厂
TransactionFactory factory = (TransactionFactory) resolveClass(type).newInstance();
factory.setProperties(props);
return factory;
}
throw new BuilderException("Environment declaration requires a TransactionFactory.");
}
如代码所示,如果type = “JDBC”,则MyBatis会创建一个JdbcTransactionFactory.class 实例;如果type=”MANAGED”,则MyBatis会创建一个MangedTransactionFactory.class实例。
### Mybatis 事务工厂TransactionFactory
事务TransactionFactory定义了创建Transaction的两个方法:
一个是通过指定的Connection对象创建Transaction,
另外是通过数据源DataSource来创建Transaction。
与JDBC 和 MANAGED两种Transaction相对应,TransactionFactory有两个对应的实现的子类:
### Mybatis 事务创建
通过上文的学习,很清楚的知道Transaction对象的创建很容易 通过事务工厂TransactionFactory得到。这里我们以JdbcTransaction为例,看一下JdbcTransactionFactory是怎样生成JdbcTransaction的,代码如下:
/**
* JdbcTransaction事务工厂,创建JdbcTransaction实例
*
* @author kaifeng
* @author Clinton Begin
* @see JdbcTransaction
*/
public class JdbcTransactionFactory implements TransactionFactory {
@Override
public void setProperties(Properties props) {
}
/**
* 根据给定的数据库连接conn创建JdbcTransaction实例
*
* @param conn 数据库连接对象
*/
@Override
public Transaction newTransaction(Connection conn) {
return new JdbcTransaction(conn);
}
/**
* 根据给定的数据源conn创建JdbcTransaction实例
*
* @param ds 数据源
* @param level 事务隔离级别
* @param autoCommit 事务是否自动提交
*/
@Override
public Transaction newTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) {
return new JdbcTransaction(ds, level, autoCommit);
}
}
Mybatis JDBC事务
JdbcTransaction是直接使用JDBC的提交和回滚事务管理机制 。它从dataSource中取得连接connection 来管理transaction 的作用域,connection对象的获取被延迟到调用getConnection()方法。
JdbcTransaction相当于对java.sql.Connection事务处理进行了包装(wrapper)。
JdbcTransaction的代码实现如下:
/**
* JDBC 事务实现
*
* @author kaifeng
* @author Clinton Begin
* @see JdbcTransactionFactory
*/
public class JdbcTransaction implements Transaction {
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(JdbcTransaction.class);
/**
* 数据库连接对象
*/
protected Connection connection;
/**
* 数据源对象
*/
protected DataSource dataSource;
/**
* 事务隔离级别
*/
protected TransactionIsolationLevel level;
/**
* 事务是否自动提交
*/
protected boolean autoCommmit;
public JdbcTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel desiredLevel, boolean desiredAutoCommit) {
dataSource = ds;
level = desiredLevel;
autoCommmit = desiredAutoCommit;
}
public JdbcTransaction(Connection connection) {
this.connection = connection;
}
@Override
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
if (connection == null) {
openConnection();
}
return connection;
}
/**
* 事务提交,通过connection.commit()
*/
@Override
public void commit() throws SQLException {
if (connection != null && !connection.getAutoCommit()) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Committing JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
}
connection.commit();
}
}
/**
* 事务回滚,通过connection.rollback();
*/
@Override
public void rollback() throws SQLException {
if (connection != null && !connection.getAutoCommit()) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Rolling back JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
}
connection.rollback();
}
}
/**
* 关闭数据库连接
*/
@Override
public void close() throws SQLException {
if (connection != null) {
resetAutoCommit();
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Closing JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
}
connection.close();
}
}
protected void setDesiredAutoCommit(boolean desiredAutoCommit) {
try {
if (connection.getAutoCommit() != desiredAutoCommit) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Setting autocommit to " + desiredAutoCommit + " on JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
}
connection.setAutoCommit(desiredAutoCommit);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
// Only a very poorly implemented driver would fail here,
// and there's not much we can do about that.
throw new TransactionException("Error configuring AutoCommit. "
+ "Your driver may not support getAutoCommit() or setAutoCommit(). "
+ "Requested setting: " + desiredAutoCommit + ". Cause: " + e, e);
}
}
protected void resetAutoCommit() {
try {
if (!connection.getAutoCommit()) {
// MyBatis does not call commit/rollback on a connection if just selects were performed.
// Some databases start transactions with select statements
// and they mandate a commit/rollback before closing the connection.
// A workaround is setting the autocommit to true before closing the connection.
// Sybase throws an exception here.
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
}
connection.setAutoCommit(true);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Error resetting autocommit to true "
+ "before closing the connection. Cause: " + e);
}
}
}
protected void openConnection() throws SQLException {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Opening JDBC Connection");
}
connection = dataSource.getConnection();
if (level != null) {
connection.setTransactionIsolation(level.getLevel());
}
setDesiredAutoCommit(autoCommmit);
}
@Override
public Integer getTimeout() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
}
Mybatis Managed事务
ManagedTransaction是让容器来管理事务Transaction的整个生命周期,使用ManagedTransaction的commit和rollback功能不会对事务有任何的影响,什么都不会做,它将事务管理的权利移交给了容器来实现。
如下Managed的实现代码:
/**
* 让容器来管理事务的整个生命周期,ManagedTransaction的操作不会对数据库产生影响,默认情况下它的数据库连接是关闭的
*
* @author kaifeng
* @author Clinton Begin
* @see ManagedTransactionFactory
*/
public class ManagedTransaction implements Transaction {
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ManagedTransaction.class);
/**
* 数据源
*/
private DataSource dataSource;
/**
* 事务隔离级别
*/
private TransactionIsolationLevel level;
/**
* 数据库连接对象
*/
private Connection connection;
/**
* 是否关闭数据库连接
*/
private final boolean closeConnection;
public ManagedTransaction(Connection connection, boolean closeConnection) {
this.connection = connection;
this.closeConnection = closeConnection;
}
public ManagedTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean closeConnection) {
this.dataSource = ds;
this.level = level;
this.closeConnection = closeConnection;
}
@Override
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
if (this.connection == null) {
openConnection();
}
return this.connection;
}
/**
* 事务提交,不做任何操作
*/
@Override
public void commit() throws SQLException {
// Does nothing
}
/**
* 事务回滚,不做任何操作
*/
@Override
public void rollback() throws SQLException {
// Does nothing
}
/**
* 事务关闭,不做任何操作
*/
@Override
public void close() throws SQLException {
if (this.closeConnection && this.connection != null) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Closing JDBC Connection [" + this.connection + "]");
}
this.connection.close();
}
}
protected void openConnection() throws SQLException {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Opening JDBC Connection");
}
this.connection = this.dataSource.getConnection();
if (this.level != null) {
this.connection.setTransactionIsolation(this.level.getLevel());
}
}
@Override
public Integer getTimeout() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
}
在实践中,MyBatis通常会与Spring集成使用,数据库的事务是交给Spring进行管理的,在后文我们会介绍Transaction接口的另一个实现—SpringManagedTransaction