KVM 虚拟机 XML 配置文件详解
[root@kvm01 qemu]# cat vm01-centos7.xml <!-- WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using: virsh edit vm01-centos7 or other application using the libvirt API. --> <domain type='kvm'> // domain 是一个所有虚拟机都需要的根元素,type定义使用哪个虚拟机管理程序, <name>vm01-centos7</name> <!--虚拟机名称--> <uuid>92a80d4c-1a1f-49bc-b946-10852a9bc15f</uuid> <!--个性化设置,也可以自行修改,做虚拟机模板时可以删除--> <memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory> <!--虚拟机能使用的最大内存,此处为2G,即:1*1024*1024--> <currentMemory unit='KiB'>1048576</currentMemory> <!--在虚拟机中用 free -m 命令可以看见的内存大小,一般与上面的最大内存值设为一样--> <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu> <!--CPU的数量--> vcpu的内容是为虚拟机最多分配几个cpu,值处于1~maxcpu之间 //placement参数指定一个domain的cpu的分配模式,static、auto <os> <!--系统引导设备配置,无需手动修改--> <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type> // type参数指定了虚拟机操作系统的类型 // arch指定虚拟机的CPU架构,machine指定机器的类型 // hvm表明需要全虚拟化 <boot dev='hd'/> // boot:指定启动设备,hd表示从硬盘启动 </os> <features> <!--高级电源管理,无需手动修改--> Hypervisors所有的特性都在fearures元素中 <acpi/> // 用于电源管理 <apic/> // 是装置的扩充组合用来驱动 Interrupt 控制器 </features> <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'> <!--CUP配置,cpu mode可以写成'host-passthrough',意思是使用真机的CPU--> <model fallback='allow'>Broadwell-noTSX-IBRS</model> <feature policy='require' name='md-clear'/> <feature policy='require' name='spec-ctrl'/> <feature policy='require' name='ssbd'/> </cpu> <clock offset='utc'> <!--时钟设置,可以设置为localtime--> // 客户端的时间初始化来自宿主机的时间 // 大多数操作系统期望硬件时钟保持UTC格式,UTC也是默认格式 // 当一个客户端的OS触发lifecycle时,它将采取新动作覆盖默认操作 // 具体状态参数如下: <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/> <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/> <timer name='hpet' present='no'/> </clock> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <!--虚拟机关机命令--> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <!--虚拟机重启命令--> <on_crash>destroy</on_crash> <!--虚拟机强制重启命令--> <pm> <!--内存及硬盘休眠设置,可删除--> <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/> <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/> </pm> <devices> <!--系统仿真设备,主板驱动类--> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <!--仿真设备使用哪个程序来仿真,这里使用qemu-kvm来仿真--> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <!--硬盘配置,需要手动修改,可以通过复制本段来创建新的磁盘--> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/> <!--磁盘驱动类型--> <source file='/data/images/vm01-centos7.img'/> <!--磁盘路径设置--> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <!--磁盘盘符设置--> // 将磁盘暴露给客户机时的总线类型和设备名称。 // target元素:控制总线设备在某个磁盘被选为客户 // 端的OS时,dev属性表明本地磁盘在客户端上的实际 // 名称,因为实际设备的名称指定并不能保证映射到 // 客户端OS上的设备。 // bus属性指定了哪种类型的磁盘被模拟 // virtio 半虚拟化 <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/> <!--总线地址,下同,可删除--> </disk> <disk type='file' device='cdrom'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/> <readonly/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/> </disk> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'> <!--USB相关配置,可删除,下同--> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'> <master startport='0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'> <master startport='2'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'> <master startport='4'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/> </controller> <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/> <controller type='ide' index='0'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/> </controller> <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/> </controller> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:4a:d6:c4'/> <source bridge='br0'/> <model type='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <target type='isa-serial' port='0'> <model name='isa-serial'/> </target> </serial> <console type='pty'> <target type='serial' port='0'/> </console> <channel type='unix'> <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/> <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/> </channel> <input type='tablet' bus='usb'> <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/> </input> <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/> <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/> <graphics type='vnc' port='5902' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0'> <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/> </graphics> <video> <model type='cirrus' vram='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/> </video> <memballoon model='virtio'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> <rng model='virtio'> <backend model='random'>/dev/urandom</backend> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/> </rng> </devices> // 在技术上KVM-QMEU架构采用了一种叫virtio-serial的技术,这种技术处理主机用户空间和客户机用户空间的数据传输。 // 它主要包含两个部分: // 1. Qemu中模拟一个叫virtio-pci的设备,这个设备提供给客户机使用; // 2.客户机上安装一个字符设备驱动访问virtio-pci设备。 </domain>
<!-- WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using: virsh edit node1 or other application using the libvirt API. --> <!-- 以下两项可有可无,所以在此注释。 --> <!-- <seclabel>......</seclabel> 驱动安全标签,可删除 <resource>......</resource> 资源设置,可删除 --> <domain type='kvm'> <name>node1</name> <!--虚拟机名称--> <uuid>8908d03b-0329-4105-851f-c93fd091e9e9</uuid> <!--个性化设置,也可以自行修改,做虚拟机模板时可以删除--> <memory unit='KiB'>2097152</memory> <!--虚拟机能使用的最大内存,此处为2G,即:2*1024*1024--> <currentMemory unit='KiB'>2097152</currentMemory> <!--在虚拟机中用 free -m 命令可以看见的内存大小,一般与上面的最大内存值设为一样--> <vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu> <!--CPU的数量--> <os> <!--系统引导设备配置,无需手动修改--> <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <!--高级电源管理,无需手动修改--> <acpi/> <apic/> </features> <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'> <!--CUP配置,cpu mode可以写成'host-passthrough',意思是使用真机的CPU--> <model fallback='allow'>Westmere</model> </cpu> <clock offset='utc'> <!--时钟设置,可以设置为localtime--> <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/> <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/> <timer name='hpet' present='no'/> </clock> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <!--虚拟机关机命令--> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <!--虚拟机重启命令--> <on_crash>destroy</on_crash> <!--虚拟机强制重启命令--> <pm> <!--内存及硬盘休眠设置,可删除--> <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/> <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/> </pm> <devices> <!--系统仿真设备,主板驱动类--> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <!--仿真设备使用哪个程序来仿真,这里使用qemu-kvm来仿真--> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <!--硬盘配置,需要手动修改,可以通过复制本段来创建新的磁盘--> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/> <!--磁盘驱动类型--> <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/node1.img'/> <!--磁盘路径设置--> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <!--磁盘盘符设置--> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/> <!--总线地址,下同,可删除--> </disk> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'> <!--USB相关配置,可删除,下同--> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x7'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'> <master startport='0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'> <master startport='2'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x1'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'> <master startport='4'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x2'/> </controller> <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/> <!--PCI设备配置,可删除--> <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/> </controller> <interface type='network'> <!--网卡设置,可复制本段来添加新的网卡--> <mac address='52:54:00:74:1c:9e'/> <!--网卡MAC地址,可删除--> <source network='default'/> <!--指定网卡连接的交换机--> <model type='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> <!--总线地址,可删除--> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <!--串口终端,需要保留,下同--> <target type='isa-serial' port='0'> <model name='isa-serial'/> </target> </serial> <console type='pty'> <target type='serial' port='0'/> </console> <channel type='unix'> <!--虚拟机通讯控制接口--> <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/> <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/> </channel> <channel type='spicevmc'> <!--图形图像相关配置,可以删除--> <target type='virtio' name='com.redhat.spice.0'/> <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='2'/> <!--串口设备,需要保留串口终端--> </channel> <input type='tablet' bus='usb'> <!--数位板,如笔记本电脑的触摸板等,可删除--> <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/> </input> <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/> <!--鼠标--> <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/> <!--键盘--> <graphics type='spice' autoport='yes'> <!--图形图像显卡相关配置,可以删除--> <listen type='address'/> <image compression='off'/> </graphics> <sound model='ich6'> <!--声卡相关设置,可以删除--> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </sound> <video> <!--图形图像显卡相关配置,可以删除--> <model type='qxl' ram='65536' vram='65536' vgamem='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/> </video> <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'> <!--设备重定向,可以删除,下同--> <address type='usb' bus='0' port='2'/> </redirdev> <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'> <address type='usb' bus='0' port='3'/> </redirdev> <memballoon model='virtio'> <!--内存气泡,可以动态调整内存--> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> </devices> </domain>