shell中$后加引号有什么用($"string"和$'string')

有些时候在某些服务管理脚本中看到$"$string"或$"string"，经过一些测试，又发现引号外面的$有和没有是一样的。一直也没去找究竟，刚才有人问了我，于是就去翻了下man bash，找到了解释。

(1).如果没有特殊定制bash环境或有特殊需求，$"string"和"string"是完全等价的，使用$""只是为了保证本地化。

以下是man bash关于$""的解释：

 A  double-quoted  string  preceded by a dollar sign ($"string") will cause the string to be translated according to the current locale.  If
       the current locale is C or POSIX, the dollar sign is ignored.  If the string is translated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.

(2).还有$后接单引号的$'string'，这在bash中被特殊对待：会将某些反斜线序列(如\n，\t，\"，\'等)继续转义，而不认为它是字面符号(如果没有$符号，单引号会强制将string翻译为字面符号，包括反斜线)。简单的例子：

[root@localhost ~]# echo 'a\nb'
a\nb
[root@localhost ~]# echo $'a\nb'
a
b
[root@localhost ~]# echo -e 'a\nb'
a
b
[root@localhost ~]# echo -e "a\nb"
a
b

以下是man bash里关于$'的说明：

Words of the form $'string' are treated specially.  The word expands to string, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified  by  the ANSI C standard.  Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as follows:
              \a     alert (bell)
              \b     backspace
              \e
              \E     an escape character
              \f     form feed
              \n     new line
              \r     carriage return
              \t     horizontal tab
              \v     vertical tab
              \\     backslash
              \'     single quote
              \"     double quote
              \nnn   the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value nnn (one to three digits)
              \xHH   the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value HH (one or two hex digits)
              \uHHHH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value HHHH (one to four hex digits)
              \UHHHHHHHH
                     the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value HHHHHHHH (one to eight hex digits)
              \cx    a control-x character