R语言中hist函数绘制直方图
R语言中使用hist函数绘制直方图,参数为一个向量。
001、
dat <- c(rep(1, 10), rep(2, 5), rep(3, 6)) ## 参数为一个向量 dat hist(dat) ## 直接绘图
横坐标为区间, 纵坐标为落入该区间的频数 。
002、 break参数用于指定断点, 参数为一个向量
dat <- c(rep(1, 10), rep(2, 5), rep(3, 6)) dat hist(dat, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5)) ## break参数指定断点
绘图效果如下:
003、指定纵坐标显示频数或者频率
par(mfrow = c(1, 2)) data <- c(rep(1, 10), rep(2, 5), rep(3, 6)) ## 参数向量 length(data) data hist(data, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), freq = T, main = "001") ## freq = T,纵坐标显示频数 hist(data, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), freq = F, main = "002") ## freq = F,纵坐标显示频率
绘图结果如下:
004、指定纵坐标显示频数还是频率
par(mfrow = c(1, 2)) data <- c(rep(1, 10), rep(2, 5), rep(3, 6)) data length(data) hist(data, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), probability = T, main = "001") ## probability = T, 显示频率 hist(data, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), probability = F, main = "002") ## parobability = F, 显示频数
005、指定每个柱子的标签
dat <- c(rep(1, 10), rep(2, 5), rep(3, 6)) dat hist(dat, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), labels = c("A", "B", "C")) ## 使用labels选项指定柱子的标签
绘图结果如下:
006、是否添加轴线
par(mfrow = c(1, 2)) dat <- c(rep(1, 10), rep(2, 5), rep(3, 6)) dat hist(dat, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), axes = T, main = "001") ## 利用axes = T或者F,决定是否添加轴线 hist(dat, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), axes = F, main = "002")
绘图如下:
007、添加柱子填充色
par(mfrow = c(1, 2)) dat <- c(rep(1, 10), rep(2, 5), rep(3, 6)) dat hist(dat, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), col = "pink") ## 用col选项指定填充色 hist(dat, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), col = rainbow(3))
绘图结果如下:
008、指定柱子边框的颜色
par(mfrow = c(1, 3)) dat <- c(rep(1, 10), rep(2, 5), rep(3, 6)) dat hist(dat, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), col = rainbow(3)) ## 默认黑色 hist(dat, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), border = NA) ## 无边框 hist(dat, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), border = "purple") ## 设定为紫色
009、填充柱子
density 指定线条密度
par(mfrow = c(1, 3)) dat <- c(rep(1, 10), rep(2, 5), rep(3, 6)) dat hist(dat, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), density = 1, main = "density = 1") ## 增加density选项 hist(dat, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), density = 2, main = "density = 2") hist(dat, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), density = 3, main = "density = 3")
绘图如下:
010、angle 控制线条的角度,必须和density 参数配合使用,才能发挥作用
par(mfrow = c(1, 3)) dat <- c(rep(1, 10), rep(2, 5), rep(3, 6)) dat ## 调整线条的角度 hist(dat, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), density = 2, angle = 45, main = "angle = 45") hist(dat, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), density = 2, angle = 90, main = "angle = 90") hist(dat, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), density = 2, angle = 180, main = "angle = 180")
011、hist的返回值
dat <- c(rep(1, 10), rep(2, 5), rep(3, 6)) a <- hist(dat, breaks = c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5)) a ## hist的返回值
breaks:断点; counts:频数; mids:每个柱子的中点;
。
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/xudongliang/p/6913363.html