linux rhel虚拟机中如何给磁盘动态扩容（硬盘直接扩展）
001、查看磁盘、容量
[root@PC1 ~]# find /dev/ -name "sd*" ## 查看磁盘数目，分区，一共一块硬盘sda /dev/sda2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sda [root@PC1 ~]# lsblk ## 查看磁盘数目，分区，容量 NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part ├─rhel-root 253:0 0 17.5G 0 lvm / └─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] sr0 11:0 1 3.5G 0 rom /media/cdrom
002、关闭虚拟机，选择硬盘，点击扩展
003、指定容量大小，点击扩展
004、点击确定， 然后打开虚拟机
005、查看硬盘数目、容量
[root@PC1 Desktop]# find /dev/ -name "sd*" ## 查看硬盘的数目、分区 /dev/sda2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sda [root@PC1 Desktop]# lsblk ## 查看硬盘的数目，分区，容量 NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part ├─rhel-root 253:0 0 17.5G 0 lvm / └─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] sr0 11:0 1 3.5G 0 rom /media/cdrom [root@PC1 Desktop]# df -Th ## 查看根分区的容量，文件系统 Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs 18G 3.3G 15G 19% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 905M 0 905M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 914M 84K 914M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 914M 8.8M 905M 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sr0 iso9660 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /media/cdrom /dev/sda1 xfs 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
006、对硬盘sda进行分区
[root@PC1 Desktop]# fdisk /dev/sda ## 使用sda命令进行分区 Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): n ## 输入n进行分区 Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extended Select (default p): ## 选择默认，回车 Using default response p Partition number (3,4, default 3): ## 选择默认，回车 First sector (41943040-419430399, default 41943040): ## 选择默认，回车 Using default value 41943040 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41943040-419430399, default 419430399): ## 选择默认，回车 Using default value 419430399 Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 180 GiB is set Command (m for help): w ## 输入w，保存退出 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.
007、查看分区
[root@PC1 Desktop]# lsblk ## 查看分区，多出了一个sda3分区 NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part │ ├─rhel-root 253:0 0 17.5G 0 lvm / │ └─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] └─sda3 8:3 0 180G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 3.5G 0 rom /media/cdrom [root@PC1 Desktop]# df -Th ## 查看根分区的文件系统 Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs 18G 3.3G 15G 19% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 905M 0 905M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 914M 140K 914M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 914M 8.8M 905M 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sr0 iso9660 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /media/cdrom /dev/sda1 xfs 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
008、将sda3分区格式化为和根分区一致的文件系统
[root@PC1 Desktop]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda3 ## 利用mkfs命令进行格式化 meta-data=/dev/sda3 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=11796480 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=47185920, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=23040, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
009、将sda3加入物理卷
[root@PC1 Desktop]# pvcreate /dev/sda3 ## 将sda3生成物理卷 WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n] y ## 输入y Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sda3. Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
010、查看根分区所属的卷组
[root@PC1 Desktop]# lsblk ## 查看根分区所属的卷组 NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part │ ├─rhel-root 253:0 0 17.5G 0 lvm / │ └─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] └─sda3 8:3 0 180G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 3.5G 0 rom /media/cdrom [root@PC1 Desktop]# df -Th ## 查看根分区所属的卷组 Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs 18G 3.3G 15G 19% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 905M 0 905M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 914M 140K 914M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 914M 8.8M 905M 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sr0 iso9660 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /media/cdrom /dev/sda1 xfs 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot [root@PC1 Desktop]# vgdisplay ## 列出卷组 --- Volume group --- VG Name rhel ## 卷组名称 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 19.51 GiB ## 卷组大小为20G PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4994 Alloc PE / Size 4994 / 19.51 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID 7iL03p-2X2e-JTuQ-frpc-AL6O-8wua-cdDFtT
011、将sda3加入rhel卷组
[root@PC1 Desktop]# vgextend rhel /dev/sda3 ## 将sda3键入rhel卷组 Volume group "rhel" successfully extended [root@PC1 Desktop]# vgdisplay ## 列出卷组 --- Volume group --- VG Name rhel System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 199.50 GiB ## 此时卷组为200G PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 51073 Alloc PE / Size 4994 / 19.51 GiB Free PE / Size 46079 / 180.00 GiB VG UUID 7iL03p-2X2e-JTuQ-frpc-AL6O-8wua-cdDFtT
012、对根分区进行扩容
[root@PC1 Desktop]# lvextend -L +170G /dev/mapper/rhel-root ## 将根分区增加170G
Extending logical volume root to 187.51 GiB Logical volume root successfully resized
013、查看根分区的容量
[root@PC1 Desktop]# lsblk ## 查看根分区大小 NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part │ ├─rhel-root 253:0 0 187.5G 0 lvm / │ └─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] └─sda3 8:3 0 180G 0 part └─rhel-root 253:0 0 187.5G 0 lvm / sr0 11:0 1 3.5G 0 rom /media/cdrom [root@PC1 Desktop]# df -Th ## 查看根分区可以利用的大小 Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs 18G 3.3G 15G 19% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 905M 0 905M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 914M 140K 914M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 914M 8.8M 905M 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sr0 iso9660 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /media/cdrom /dev/sda1 xfs 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
014、加载，然后查看根分区可以利用的大小
[root@PC1 Desktop]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/rhel-root ## 加载 meta-data=/dev/mapper/rhel-root isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=1147392 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=4589568, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 data blocks changed from 4589568 to 49154048 [root@PC1 Desktop]# df -Th ## 查看根分区可利用的大小，已经扩容 Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs 188G 3.3G 185G 2% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 905M 0 905M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 914M 140K 914M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 914M 8.8M 905M 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sr0 iso9660 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /media/cdrom /dev/sda1 xfs 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
015、重启虚拟机，观测根分区容量
[root@PC1 Desktop]# df -Th ## 查看根分区容量，扩容成功 Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs 188G 3.3G 185G 2% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 905M 0 905M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 914M 84K 914M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 914M 8.8M 905M 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sr0 iso9660 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /media/cdrom /dev/sda1 xfs 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
参考：https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1719806788763194028&wfr=spider&for=pc
