linux rhel虚拟机中如何给磁盘动态扩容（硬盘直接扩展）

001、查看磁盘、容量

[root@PC1 ~]# find /dev/ -name "sd*"          ## 查看磁盘数目，分区，一共一块硬盘sda
/dev/sda2
/dev/sda1
/dev/sda
[root@PC1 ~]# lsblk              ## 查看磁盘数目，分区，容量
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda             8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1          8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
└─sda2          8:2    0 19.5G  0 part 
  ├─rhel-root 253:0    0 17.5G  0 lvm  /
  └─rhel-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sr0            11:0    1  3.5G  0 rom  /media/cdrom

002、关闭虚拟机，选择硬盘，点击扩展

003、指定容量大小，点击扩展

004、点击确定，然后打开虚拟机

005、查看硬盘数目、容量

[root@PC1 Desktop]# find /dev/ -name "sd*"              ## 查看硬盘的数目、分区
/dev/sda2
/dev/sda1
/dev/sda
[root@PC1 Desktop]# lsblk                               ## 查看硬盘的数目，分区，容量
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda             8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1          8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
└─sda2          8:2    0 19.5G  0 part 
  ├─rhel-root 253:0    0 17.5G  0 lvm  /
  └─rhel-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sr0            11:0    1  3.5G  0 rom  /media/cdrom
[root@PC1 Desktop]# df -Th                             ## 查看根分区的容量，文件系统
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs        18G  3.3G   15G  19% /
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  905M     0  905M   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M   84K  914M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M  8.8M  905M   1% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M     0  914M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0              iso9660   3.5G  3.5G     0 100% /media/cdrom
/dev/sda1             xfs       497M  119M  379M  24% /boot

006、对硬盘sda进行分区

[root@PC1 Desktop]# fdisk /dev/sda             ## 使用sda命令进行分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): n                       ## 输入n进行分区
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p):                          ## 选择默认，回车
Using default response p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):           ## 选择默认，回车
First sector (41943040-419430399, default 41943040):      ## 选择默认，回车
Using default value 41943040
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41943040-419430399, default 419430399):    ## 选择默认，回车
Using default value 419430399
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 180 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w                               ## 输入w，保存退出
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

007、查看分区

[root@PC1 Desktop]# lsblk                                       ## 查看分区，多出了一个sda3分区
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda             8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1          8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
├─sda2          8:2    0 19.5G  0 part 
│ ├─rhel-root 253:0    0 17.5G  0 lvm  /
│ └─rhel-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
└─sda3          8:3    0  180G  0 part 
sr0            11:0    1  3.5G  0 rom  /media/cdrom
[root@PC1 Desktop]# df -Th                                     ## 查看根分区的文件系统
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs        18G  3.3G   15G  19% /
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  905M     0  905M   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M  140K  914M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M  8.8M  905M   1% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M     0  914M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0              iso9660   3.5G  3.5G     0 100% /media/cdrom
/dev/sda1             xfs       497M  119M  379M  24% /boot

008、将sda3分区格式化为和根分区一致的文件系统

[root@PC1 Desktop]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda3               ## 利用mkfs命令进行格式化
meta-data=/dev/sda3              isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=11796480 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=47185920, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=23040, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

009、将sda3加入物理卷

[root@PC1 Desktop]# pvcreate /dev/sda3            ## 将sda3生成物理卷
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n] y       ## 输入y
  Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sda3.
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created

010、查看根分区所属的卷组

[root@PC1 Desktop]# lsblk         ## 查看根分区所属的卷组
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda             8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1          8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
├─sda2          8:2    0 19.5G  0 part 
│ ├─rhel-root 253:0    0 17.5G  0 lvm  /
│ └─rhel-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
└─sda3          8:3    0  180G  0 part 
sr0            11:0    1  3.5G  0 rom  /media/cdrom
[root@PC1 Desktop]# df -Th         ## 查看根分区所属的卷组
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs        18G  3.3G   15G  19% /
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  905M     0  905M   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M  140K  914M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M  8.8M  905M   1% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M     0  914M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0              iso9660   3.5G  3.5G     0 100% /media/cdrom
/dev/sda1             xfs       497M  119M  379M  24% /boot
[root@PC1 Desktop]# vgdisplay       ## 列出卷组
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               rhel          ## 卷组名称
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               19.51 GiB                      ## 卷组大小为20G
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4994
  Alloc PE / Size       4994 / 19.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               7iL03p-2X2e-JTuQ-frpc-AL6O-8wua-cdDFtT

011、将sda3加入rhel卷组

[root@PC1 Desktop]# vgextend rhel /dev/sda3        ## 将sda3键入rhel卷组
  Volume group "rhel" successfully extended
[root@PC1 Desktop]# vgdisplay                      ## 列出卷组
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               rhel
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               199.50 GiB                     ## 此时卷组为200G
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              51073
  Alloc PE / Size       4994 / 19.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       46079 / 180.00 GiB
  VG UUID               7iL03p-2X2e-JTuQ-frpc-AL6O-8wua-cdDFtT

012、对根分区进行扩容

[root@PC1 Desktop]# lvextend -L +170G /dev/mapper/rhel-root    ## 将根分区增加170G
  Extending logical volume root to 187.51 GiB
  Logical volume root successfully resized

013、查看根分区的容量

[root@PC1 Desktop]# lsblk        ## 查看根分区大小
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda             8:0    0   200G  0 disk 
├─sda1          8:1    0   500M  0 part /boot
├─sda2          8:2    0  19.5G  0 part 
│ ├─rhel-root 253:0    0 187.5G  0 lvm  /
│ └─rhel-swap 253:1    0     2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
└─sda3          8:3    0   180G  0 part 
  └─rhel-root 253:0    0 187.5G  0 lvm  /
sr0            11:0    1   3.5G  0 rom  /media/cdrom
[root@PC1 Desktop]# df -Th      ## 查看根分区可以利用的大小
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs        18G  3.3G   15G  19% /
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  905M     0  905M   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M  140K  914M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M  8.8M  905M   1% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M     0  914M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0              iso9660   3.5G  3.5G     0 100% /media/cdrom
/dev/sda1             xfs       497M  119M  379M  24% /boot

014、加载，然后查看根分区可以利用的大小

[root@PC1 Desktop]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/rhel-root               ## 加载
meta-data=/dev/mapper/rhel-root  isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=1147392 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=4589568, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4589568 to 49154048
[root@PC1 Desktop]# df -Th                    ## 查看根分区可利用的大小，已经扩容
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs       188G  3.3G  185G   2% /
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  905M     0  905M   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M  140K  914M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M  8.8M  905M   1% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M     0  914M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0              iso9660   3.5G  3.5G     0 100% /media/cdrom
/dev/sda1             xfs       497M  119M  379M  24% /boot

015、重启虚拟机，观测根分区容量

[root@PC1 Desktop]# df -Th        ## 查看根分区容量，扩容成功
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs       188G  3.3G  185G   2% /
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  905M     0  905M   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M   84K  914M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M  8.8M  905M   1% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     914M     0  914M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0              iso9660   3.5G  3.5G     0 100% /media/cdrom
/dev/sda1             xfs       497M  119M  379M  24% /boot