设计模式


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创建型模式

工厂方法模式

工厂方法模式是一种创建型设计模式, 其在父类中提供一个创建对象的方法, 允许子类决定实例化对象的类型。

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        new Client().Main();
    
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
    
    public interface IProduct
    {
        string Operation();
    }
    
    class ConcreteProduct1 : IProduct
    {
        public string Operation()
        {
            return "result of ConcreteProduct1";
        }
    }
    
    class ConcreteProduct2 : IProduct
    {
        public string Operation()
        {
            return "result of ConcreteProduct2";
        }
    }
    
    abstract class Creator
    {
        public abstract IProduct FactorMethod();
    
        public string SomeOperation()
        {
            var product = FactorMethod();
    
            var result = product.Operation();
    
            return result;
        }
    }
    
    class ConcreteCreator1 : Creator
    {
        public override IProduct FactorMethod()
        {
            return new ConcreteProduct1();
        }
    }
    
    class ConcreteCreator2 : Creator
    {
        public override IProduct FactorMethod()
        {
            return new ConcreteProduct2();
        }
    }
    
    class Client
    {
        public void Main()
        {
            ClientCode(new ConcreteCreator1());
    
            ClientCode(new ConcreteCreator2());
        }
    
        public void ClientCode(Creator creator)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(creator.SomeOperation());
        }
    }
}

抽象工厂模式

抽象工厂模式是一种创建型设计模式, 它能创建一系列相关的对象, 而无需指定其具体类。

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] srgs)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Hello world");
        
        new Client().Main();
    }
}

public interface IAbstractProductA
{
    string UsefulFunctionA();
}

class ConcreteProductA1 : IAbstractProductA
{
    public string UsefulFunctionA()
    {
        return "result productA1";
    }
}

class ConcretProductA2 : IAbstractProductA
{
    public string UsefulFunctionA()
    {
        return "result productA2";
    }
}

interface IAbstractProductB
{
    string UsefulFunctionB();

    string AnotherUsefulFunctionB(IAbstractProductA vcoll);
}

class ConcreteProductB1 : IAbstractProductB
{
    public string UsefulFunctionB()
    {
        return "result productB1";
    }

    public string AnotherUsefulFunctionB(IAbstractProductA vcoll)
    {
        return vcoll.UsefulFunctionA() + "B1";
    }
}

class ConcreteProductB2: IAbstractProductB
{
    public string UsefulFunctionB()
    {
        return "result productB2";
    }

    public string AnotherUsefulFunctionB(IAbstractProductA vcoll)
    {
        return vcoll.UsefulFunctionA() + "B2";
    }
}

interface IAbstractFactory
{
    IAbstractProductA CreateProductA();

    IAbstractProductB CreateProductB();
}
    
class ConcreteFactory1 : IAbstractFactory
{
    public IAbstractProductA CreateProductA()
    {
        return new ConcreteProductA1();
    }

    public IAbstractProductB CreateProductB()
    {
        return new ConcreteProductB1();
    }
}
    
class ConcreteFactory2: IAbstractFactory
{
    public IAbstractProductA CreateProductA()
    {
        return new ConcretProductA2();
    }

    public IAbstractProductB CreateProductB()
    {
        return new ConcreteProductB2();
    }
}
    
class Client
{
    public void Main()
    {
        ClientCode(new ConcreteFactory1());
        
        ClientCode(new ConcreteFactory2());
    }
    
    public void ClientCode(IAbstractFactory factory)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(factory.CreateProductB().UsefulFunctionB());
        Console.WriteLine(factory.CreateProductB().AnotherUsefulFunctionB(factory.CreateProductA()));
    }
}

生成器模式

原型模式

单例模式

单例模式是一种创建型设计模式, 让你能够保证一个类只有一个实例, 并提供一个访问该实例的全局节点。

单线程

public class Singleton
{
    private Singleton()
    {
    }

    private static Singleton _instance;

    public static Singleton GetInstance()
    {
        return _instance ??= new Singleton();
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
        
        Singleton s1 = Singleton.GetInstance();
        Singleton s2 = Singleton.GetInstance();

        if (s1 == s2)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("yes");
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("no");
        }
    }
}

多线程(线程安全的)

public class Singleton
{
    private Singleton()
    {
    }

    private static Singleton _instance;

    private static readonly object _lock = new object();

    public string Value { get; set; }

    public static Singleton GetInstance(string value)
    {
        if (_instance == null)
        {
            lock (_lock)
            {
                if (_instance == null)
                {
                    _instance = new Singleton {Value = value};
                }
            }
        }

        return _instance;
    }
}
class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");

        Thread t1 = new Thread(() => { TestSingleton("foo"); });

        Thread t2 = new Thread(() => { TestSingleton("bar"); });

        t1.Start();
        t2.Start();

        t1.Join();
        t2.Join();
    }

    private static void TestSingleton(string value)
    {
        Singleton singleton = Singleton.GetInstance(value);
        Console.WriteLine(singleton.Value);
    }
}

结构型模式

适配器模式

桥接模式

组合模式

装饰模式

外观模式

享元模式

代理模式

行为型模式

责任链模式

命令模式

迭代器模式

中介者模式

备忘录模式

观察者模式

观察者模式是一种行为设计模式, 允许你定义一种订阅机制, 可在对象事件发生时通知多个 “观察” 该对象的其他对象。

class Program
{
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
          Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");

          var subject = new Subject();
          var observerA = new ConcreteObserverA();
          subject.Attach(observerA);

          var observerB = new ConcreteObserverB();
          subject.Attach(observerB);

          subject.SomeBusinessLogic();
          subject.SomeBusinessLogic();

          subject.Detach(observerB);

          subject.SomeBusinessLogic();
      }
  }

  public interface ISubject
  {
      void Attach(IObserver observer);

      void Detach(IObserver observer);

      void Notify();
  }

  public interface IObserver
  {
      void Update(ISubject subject);
  }

  public class Subject : ISubject
  {
      public int State { get; set; } = -0;

      private List<IObserver> _observers = new List<IObserver>();

      public void Attach(IObserver observer)
      {
          Console.WriteLine("Subject: Attached an observer.");

          _observers.Add(observer);
      }

      public void Detach(IObserver observer)
      {
          Console.WriteLine("Subject: Detached an observer.");

          _observers.Remove(observer);
      }

      public void Notify()
      {
          Console.WriteLine("Subject: Notifying observers...");

          foreach (var item in _observers)
          {
              item.Update(this);
          }
      }

      public void SomeBusinessLogic()
      {
          Console.WriteLine("\n Subject: I am doing something important.");

          State = new Random().Next(0, 10);

          Thread.Sleep(15);

          Console.WriteLine("Subject: My state has just changed to: " + State);

          Notify();
      }
  }

  class ConcreteObserverA : IObserver
  {
      public void Update(ISubject subject)
      {
          if ((subject as Subject).State < 3)
          {
              Console.WriteLine("ConcreteObserverA: Reacted to the event.");
          }
      }
  }

  class ConcreteObserverB : IObserver
  {
      public void Update(ISubject subject)
      {
          if ((subject as Subject).State == 0 || (subject as Subject).State >= 2)
          {
              Console.WriteLine("ConcreteObserverB: Reacted to the event.");
          }
      }
  }

状态模式

策略模式

模板方法模式

访问者模式

策略模式

策略模式:一个类的行为可以在运行时更改,策略模式将所有的行为一个个封装起来,让他们可以相互替换,而不影响调用者

使用场景
当一个功能在不同的场景下,需要不同的实现方式,类似这种情况就可以使用策略模式

优点

  • 类的行为可以在运行时自由切换
  • 降低了类的调用者和类的具体实现之间的耦合
  • 避免了繁琐的条件判断,代码可读性更高
  • 扩展性更好

缺点

  • 策略类会增多
posted @ 2021-03-06 20:42  liujiangbo  阅读(107)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报