(转)Nginx的https配置记录以及http强制跳转到https的方法梳理
Nginx的https配置记录以及http强制跳转到https的方法梳理
原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/6187072.html
一、Nginx安装(略)
安装的时候需要注意加上 --with-http_ssl_module,因为http_ssl_module不属于Nginx的基本模块。
Nginx安装方法:
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# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module # make && make install |
二、生成证书(略)
可以使用openssl生成证书:
可参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5865501.html
比如生成如下两个证书文件(假设存放路径为/usr/local/nginx/cert/):
wangshibo.crt
wangshibo.key
三、修改Nginx配置
server {
listen 443;
server_name www.wangshibo.com;
root /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/httpdocs/main/;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
access_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main;
error_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log;
if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) { //对访问的来源ip做白名单限制
rewrite ^.*$ /maintence.php last;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
#include fastcgi_params;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
---------------------------------http访问强制跳转到https---------------------------------
网站添加了https证书后,当http方式访问网站时就会报404错误,所以需要做http到https的强制跳转设置.
---------------一、采用nginx的rewrite方法---------------------
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1) 下面是将所有的http请求通过rewrite重写到https上。 例如将所有的dev.wangshibo.com域名的http访问强制跳转到https。 下面配置均可以实现: 配置1: server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access .log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error .log; rewrite ^(.*)$ https: // $host$1 permanent; // 这是ngixn早前的写法,现在还可以使用。 location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080 ; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } ------------------------------------------------------- 上面的跳转配置rewrite ^(.*)$ https: // $host$1 permanent; 也可以改为下面 rewrite ^/(.*)$ http: //dev .wangshibo.com/$1 permanent; 或者 rewrite ^ http: //dev .wangshibo.com$request_uri? permanent; ------------------------------------------------------- 配置2: server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access .log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error .log; return 301 https: // $server_name$request_uri; // 这是nginx最新支持的写法 location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080 ; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } 配置3:这种方式适用于多域名的时候,即访问wangshibo.com的http也会强制跳转到https: //dev .wangshibo.com上面 server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access .log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error .log; if ($host ~* "^wangshibo.com$" ) { rewrite ^/(.*)$ https: //dev .wangshibo.com/ permanent; } location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080 ; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } 配置4:下面是最简单的一种配置 server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access .log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error .log; if ($host = "dev.wangshibo.com" ) { rewrite ^/(.*)$ http: //dev .wangshibo.com permanent; } location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080 ; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } |
---------------二、采用nginx的497状态码---------------------
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497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS 解释:当网站只允许https访问时,当用http访问时nginx会报出497错误码 思路: 利用error_page命令将497状态码的链接重定向到https: //dev .wangshibo.com这个域名上 配置实例: 如下访问dev.wangshibo.com或者wangshibo.com的http都会被强制跳转到https server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access .log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error .log; error_page 497 https: // $host$uri?$args; location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080 ; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } 也可以将80和443的配置放在一起: server { listen 127.0.0.1:443; #ssl端口 listen 127.0.0.1:80; #用户习惯用http访问,加上80,后面通过497状态码让它自动跳到443端口 server_name dev.wangshibo.com; #为一个server{......}开启ssl支持 ssl on; #指定PEM格式的证书文件 ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/wangshibo .pem; #指定PEM格式的私钥文件 ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/wangshibo .key; #让http请求重定向到https请求 error_page 497 https: // $host$uri?$args; location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080 ; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } |
---------------三、利用meta的刷新作用将http跳转到https---------------------
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上述的方法均会耗费服务器的资源,可以借鉴百度使用的方法:巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用,将http跳转到https 可以基于http: //dev .wangshibo.com的虚拟主机路径下写一个index.html,内容就是http向https的跳转 将下面的内容追加到index.html首页文件内 [root@localhost ~] # cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html <html> <meta http-equiv= "refresh" content= "0;url=https://dev.wangshibo.com/" > < /html > [root@localhost ~] # cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access .log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error .log; #将404的页面重定向到https的首页 error_page 404 https: //dev .wangshibo.com/; location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080 ; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } |
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下面是nginx反代tomcat,并且http强制跳转至https。
访问http://zrx.wangshibo.com和访问http://172.29.34.33:8080/zrx/结果是一样的
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[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts] # cat zrx.conf server { listen 80; server_name zrx.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log logs /access .log; error_log logs /error .log; return 301 https: // $server_name$request_uri; location ~ / { root /data/nginx/html ; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } [root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts] # cat ssl-zrx.conf upstream tomcat8 { server 172.29.34.33:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; } server { listen 443; server_name zrx.wangshibo.com; ssl on; ### SSL log files ### access_log logs /ssl-access .log; error_log logs /ssl-error .log; ### SSL cert files ### ssl_certificate ssl /wangshibo .cer; ssl_certificate_key ssl /wangshibo .key; ssl_session_timeout 5m; location / { proxy_pass http: //tomcat8/zrx/ ; proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; proxy_redirect off; } } |
---------------四、通过proxy_redirec方式---------------------
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解决办法: # re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home proxy_redirect http: // https: // ; |