（转）hive建表注释中文乱码问题（desc/show create table中文乱码问题）

原文：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45124566/article/details/121724876

Hive建表注释中文乱码问题（desc/show create table）
hive建表注释中文乱码问题

问题描述：

create table test(
id int comment '测试id',
name string comment '测试姓名'
)
comment '测试用表';
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使用上述建表语句，建表完成后，使用desc test/desc formatted test或者show create table test，看见的中文解释均为乱码。

问题原因：

针对 MySQL 字符集的问题：

普通情况下咱们的 mysql 默认编码是 latin1，但是我们在日常开发中大多数情况下需要用到 utf-8 编码，如果是默认 latin1 的话,咱们的中文存储进去容易乱码，所以说大家在遇到一些数据乱码的情况话,最好把 MySQL 的编码改成utf-8。

但是在这里要非常严重强调的一点：hive 的元数据 metastore 在 MySQL 的数据库，不管是数据库本身，还是里面的表编码都必须是 latin1(CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin)！！！！不然会有报错。

验证方式：(可以通过客户端软件在数据库上右键属性查看,也可以通过命令查看)

mysql> show create database metastore; --此处metastore是自己所用hive在mysql中的元数据库;
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+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| metastore | CREATE DATABASE `metastore` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 |
| | COLLATE latin1_bin */ |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
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针对 MySQL 字符集的问题的解决：

针对MySQL 本身的字符集问题
查看 MySQL 字符集

登录mysql

[root@hadoop102 ~]$ mysql -u root -p
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查询 mysql 字符集

mysql> show variables like 'chara%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
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将 character_set_server 字符集设置为 UTF-8。

通过修改配置文件设置 MySQL 字符集为 UTF-8，将 my-default.cnf 配置文件复制到 /etc 下的 my.cnf 文件中

[root@hadoop102 ~]$ cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
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进入 etc目录下打开 my.cnf 文件 ，对 my.cnf 进行修改，修改内容如下。

[root@hadoop102 ~]$ vim /etc/my.cnf
##在[mysqld]上面加入下面两句话
[client]
default-character-set=utf8

##在[mysqld]最下面加入下面几句话
[mysqld]
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
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修改完成之后进行保存，然后重启 MySQL 服务

[root@hadoop102 mysql]$ service mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL.......... [确定]
Starting MySQL.... [确定]
[root@hadoop102 mysql]$ service mysql status
MySQL running (25434) [确定]
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再次登录 MySQL ，查看字符集是否修改

[root@hadoop102 ~]$ mysql -u root -p
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再次查询 MySQL 字符集

mysql> show variables like 'chara%';
...
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.02 sec)
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或者

mysql> \s
...
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: utf8
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
...
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mysql> show variables like "colla%";
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
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这样MySQL的编码就修改成功了！

针对Hive元数据库metastore中的表，分区，视图的编码设置

因为我们知道 metastore 支持数据库级别，表级别的字符集是 latin1，那么我们只需要把相应注释的地方的字符集由 latin1 改成 UTF-8，就可以了。用到注释的就三个地方，表、分区、视图。如下修改分为两个步骤：

进入数据库 metastore 中执行以下 5 条 SQL 语句

-- 修改表字段注解和表注解
alter table COLUMNS_V2 modify column COMMENT varchar(256) character set utf8;
alter table TABLE_PARAMS modify column PARAM_VALUE varchar(4000) character set utf8;
-- 修改分区字段注解：
alter table PARTITION_PARAMS modify column PARAM_VALUE varchar(4000) character set utf8;
alter table PARTITION_KEYS modify column PKEY_COMMENT varchar(4000) character set utf8;
-- 修改索引注解：
alter table INDEX_PARAMS modify column PARAM_VALUE varchar(4000) character set utf8;
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这样针对 MySQL 的问题我们就解决完成了。

然后我们登录 Hive，再次使用 desc test/desc formatted test 就可以看到中文了，不会乱码，但是我们使用 show create table test 还是会乱码，这个是 Hive 本身的问题，我们需要编译 Hive 的源码来解决。

针对Hive 字符集的问题：

desc table_name 没问题，show create table table_name 还是显示乱码，这是一个Hive社区bug。另外，社区对中文的支持比较弱，尽量避免在SQL语句中写中文，实际数据有中文没关系。

针对Hive 字符集的问题的解决：

Hive源码编译

下载Maven：https://archive.apache.org/dist/maven/maven-3/3.5.3/binaries/

Maven版本3.5.3

Hive源码下载：http://archive.apache.org/dist/hive/hive-1.2.1/

Hive版本1.2.1

上传两个下载好的包

解压Maven

[root@hadoop102 software]$ tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.5.3-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/module/
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改名（可改可不改，看自己）

[root@hadoop102 software]$ cd /opt/module/
[root@hadoop102 module]$ mv apache-maven-3.5.3/ maven-3.5.3/
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配置环境变量

[root@hadoop102 module]$ vim /etc/profile

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/module/jdk1.8.0_144
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin

export ZOO_HOME=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10
export PATH=$PATH:$ZOO_HOME/bin

export HIVE_HOME=/opt/module/hive-1.2.1
export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin

export MAVEN_HOME=/opt/module/maven-3.5.3
export PATH=$PATH:$MAVEN_HOME/bin

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source 使配置文件生效

[root@hadoop102 module]$ source /etc/profile
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验证maven是否配置成功

[root@hadoop102 module]$ mvn -version
Apache Maven 3.5.3 (3383c37e1f9e9b3bc3df5050c29c8aff9f295297; 2018-02-25T03:49:05+08:00)
Maven home: /opt/module/maven-3.5.3
Java version: 1.8.0_144, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: /opt/module/jdk1.8.0_144/jre
Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"
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替换maven镜像，可提高下载速度

<mirrors>
<!-- mirror
| Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
| this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
| for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
|
<mirror>
<id>mirrorId</id>
<mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
<url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
</mirror>
-->

<mirror>
<id>alimaven</id>
<name>aliyun maven</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
</mirrors>
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上传源码包apache-hive-1.2.1-src.tar.gz 至 /usr/local/workspace (位置随意，自己清楚就行)

解压

[root@hadoop102 workspace]$ cd /usr/local/workspace
[root@hadoop102 workspace]$ tar -zxvf apache-hive-1.2.1-src
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进入到解压后的文件根目录下

[root@hadoop102 workspace]$ cd apache-hive-1.2.1-src

[root@hadoop102 apache-hive-1.2.1-src]$ cd ql/src/java/org/apache/hadoop/hive/ql/exec/

[root@hadoop102 exec]$ vim DDLTask.java
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COMMENT 后面的东西变成了乱码了。。。是我MySQL中元数据字符集不对吗？其实不是，罪魁祸首是Hive内部的代码没有处理好中文。我们可以修改ql/src/java/org/apache/hadoop/hive/ql/exec/DDLTask.java类中的两句代码：

将

outStream.writeBytes(createTab_stmt.toString());
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改成

outStream.write(createTab_stmt.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));
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同时将

outStream.writeBytes(createTab_stmt.render());
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改成

outStream.write(createTab_stmt.render().getBytes("UTF-8"));
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进入Hive源码根目录下(/usr/local/workspace/apache-hive-1.2.1-src，此处是我自己的目录，根据自己的实际目录来)编译Hive源码

执行编译命令：

[root@hadoop102 apache-hive-1.2.1-src]$ mvn clean package -Phadoop-2 -DskipTests
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等待一段时间，出现以下内容表示编译成功：

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO]
[INFO] Hive 1.2.1 ......................................... SUCCESS [ 21.971 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims Common .................................. SUCCESS [ 6.247 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims 0.20S ................................... SUCCESS [ 1.812 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims 0.23 .................................... SUCCESS [ 22.994 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims Scheduler ............................... SUCCESS [ 1.804 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims ......................................... SUCCESS [ 1.639 s]
[INFO] Hive Common ........................................ SUCCESS [ 7.101 s]
[INFO] Hive Serde ......................................... SUCCESS [01:09 min]
[INFO] Hive Metastore ..................................... SUCCESS [03:55 min]
[INFO] Hive Ant Utilities ................................. SUCCESS [ 15.772 s]
[INFO] Spark Remote Client ................................ SUCCESS [14:57 min]
[INFO] Hive Query Language ................................ SUCCESS [08:13 min]
[INFO] Hive Service ....................................... SUCCESS [02:19 min]
[INFO] Hive Accumulo Handler .............................. SUCCESS [32:07 min]
[INFO] Hive JDBC .......................................... SUCCESS [ 17.203 s]
[INFO] Hive Beeline ....................................... SUCCESS [ 40.589 s]
[INFO] Hive CLI ........................................... SUCCESS [ 41.483 s]
[INFO] Hive Contrib ....................................... SUCCESS [ 1.790 s]
[INFO] Hive HBase Handler ................................. SUCCESS [03:35 min]
[INFO] Hive HCatalog ...................................... SUCCESS [01:23 min]
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Core ................................. SUCCESS [ 21.449 s]
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Pig Adapter .......................... SUCCESS [ 41.616 s]
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Server Extensions .................... SUCCESS [02:49 min]
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Webhcat Java Client .................. SUCCESS [ 2.582 s]
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Webhcat .............................. SUCCESS [02:51 min]
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Streaming ............................ SUCCESS [ 5.170 s]
[INFO] Hive HWI ........................................... SUCCESS [ 1.551 s]
[INFO] Hive ODBC .......................................... SUCCESS [ 0.900 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims Aggregator .............................. SUCCESS [ 0.133 s]
[INFO] Hive TestUtils ..................................... SUCCESS [ 0.512 s]
[INFO] Hive Packaging 1.2.1 ............................... SUCCESS [ 3.053 s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 01:17 h
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-12-05T00:19:56+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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编译时长根据你网络环境，最好配置成公司的Maven仓库（默认在~/.m2）。如果你需要将编译好的文件进行打包，可以运行下面的命令：

执行打包命令

[root@hadoop102 apache-hive-1.2.1-src]$ mvn clean package -Phadoop-2 -DskipTests -Pdist
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出现如下命令，证明打包编译成功

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO]
[INFO] Hive 1.2.1 ......................................... SUCCESS [ 8.287 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims Common .................................. SUCCESS [ 10.172 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims 0.20S ................................... SUCCESS [ 4.348 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims 0.23 .................................... SUCCESS [ 8.410 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims Scheduler ............................... SUCCESS [ 2.085 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims ......................................... SUCCESS [ 1.981 s]
[INFO] Hive Common ........................................ SUCCESS [ 17.277 s]
[INFO] Hive Serde ......................................... SUCCESS [ 8.610 s]
[INFO] Hive Metastore ..................................... SUCCESS [ 26.505 s]
[INFO] Hive Ant Utilities ................................. SUCCESS [ 0.793 s]
[INFO] Spark Remote Client ................................ SUCCESS [ 10.517 s]
[INFO] Hive Query Language ................................ SUCCESS [03:14 min]
[INFO] Hive Service ....................................... SUCCESS [ 11.423 s]
[INFO] Hive Accumulo Handler .............................. SUCCESS [ 7.155 s]
[INFO] Hive JDBC .......................................... SUCCESS [01:16 min]
[INFO] Hive Beeline ....................................... SUCCESS [ 3.501 s]
[INFO] Hive CLI ........................................... SUCCESS [ 2.547 s]
[INFO] Hive Contrib ....................................... SUCCESS [ 2.442 s]
[INFO] Hive HBase Handler ................................. SUCCESS [ 10.001 s]
[INFO] Hive HCatalog ...................................... SUCCESS [ 1.465 s]
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Core ................................. SUCCESS [ 5.774 s]
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Pig Adapter .......................... SUCCESS [ 3.933 s]
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Server Extensions .................... SUCCESS [ 4.044 s]
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Webhcat Java Client .................. SUCCESS [ 3.594 s]
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Webhcat .............................. SUCCESS [ 19.550 s]
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Streaming ............................ SUCCESS [ 2.780 s]
[INFO] Hive HWI ........................................... SUCCESS [ 2.134 s]
[INFO] Hive ODBC .......................................... SUCCESS [ 1.827 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims Aggregator .............................. SUCCESS [ 0.209 s]
[INFO] Hive TestUtils ..................................... SUCCESS [ 0.823 s]
[INFO] Hive Packaging 1.2.1 ............................... SUCCESS [03:00 min]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 10:34 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-12-05T00:45:50+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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完成后可以去"/usr/local/workspace/apache-hive-1.2.1-src/packaging/target/"目录下找到"apache-hive-1.2.1-bin"编译好的hive文件，在此文件下找到并在此文件的lib目录下找到"hive-exec-1.2.1.jar"包替换自己原来Hive的lib目录下的"hive-exec-1.2.1.jar"包。

[root@hadoop102 lib]$ cp /usr/local/workspace/apache-hive-1.2.1-src/packaging/target/apache-hive-1.2.1-bin/apache-hive-1.2.1-bin/lib/hive-exec-1.2.1.jar /opt/module/hive-1.2.1/lib/
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注意：此处我们用的是root用户编译的 Hive 源码，要是之前用的是 Hive 是其他用户，记得要修改复制后的"hive-exec-1.2.1.jar"包的权限。

然后重新启动Hive客户端，然后执行 show create table table_name 就能正常显示中文了！！！

编译Hive出现的错误：

替换Maven镜像的位置

错误：

[INFO] Hive 1.2.1 ......................................... FAILURE [ 01:02 h]
[INFO] Hive Shims Common .................................. SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive Shims 0.20S ................................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive Shims 0.23 .................................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive Shims Scheduler ............................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive Shims ......................................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive Common ........................................ SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive Serde ......................................... SKIPPED
...

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 01:02 h
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-12-02T22:31:14+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-site-plugin:3.3:attach-descriptor (attach-descriptor) on project hive: Execution attach-descriptor of goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-site-plugin:3.3:attach-descriptor failed: Plugin org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-site-plugin:3.3 or one of its dependencies could not be resolved: The following artifacts could not be resolved: org.apache.maven.reporting:maven-reporting-exec:jar:1.1, org.apache.maven:maven-artifact:jar:3.0, org.apache.maven.shared:maven-shared-utils:jar:0.3, com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:jar:2.0.1, org.apache.struts:struts-taglib:jar:1.3.8: Could not transfer artifact org.apache.maven.reporting:maven-reporting-exec:jar:1.1 from/to central (https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2): Read timed out -> [Help 1]
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连接超时了，替换Maven镜像

<mirrors>
<!-- mirror
| Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
| this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
| for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
|
<mirror>
<id>mirrorId</id>
<mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
<url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
</mirror>
-->

<mirror>
<id>alimaven</id>
<name>aliyun maven</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
</mirrors>
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下面这个错误是在执行"mvn install -DskipTests -Dcheckstyle.skip=true"这个命令时出现的

这个错误出现的原因说实话我没搞懂，希望有知道的小伙伴可以告知一下，哈哈哈，先在这里感谢了。

我是怎么解决这个问题的呢？说来奇怪，我就换了一个命令然后就没出现这个问题了，很纳闷。

换的命令是"mvn clean package -Phadoop-2 -DskipTests"

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO]
[INFO] Hive 1.2.1 ......................................... SUCCESS [ 10.851 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims Common .................................. SUCCESS [ 5.831 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims 0.20S ................................... SUCCESS [ 2.751 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims 0.23 .................................... SUCCESS [ 8.996 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims Scheduler ............................... SUCCESS [ 4.800 s]
[INFO] Hive Shims ......................................... SUCCESS [ 2.806 s]
[INFO] Hive Common ........................................ FAILURE [ 12.649 s]
[INFO] Hive Serde ......................................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive Metastore ..................................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive Ant Utilities ................................. SKIPPED
[INFO] Spark Remote Client ................................ SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive Query Language ................................ SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive Service ....................................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive Accumulo Handler .............................. SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive JDBC .......................................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive Beeline ....................................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive CLI ........................................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive Contrib ....................................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive HBase Handler ................................. SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive HCatalog ...................................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Core ................................. SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Pig Adapter .......................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Server Extensions .................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Webhcat Java Client .................. SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Webhcat .............................. SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive HCatalog Streaming ............................ SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive HWI ........................................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive ODBC .......................................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive Shims Aggregator .............................. SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive TestUtils ..................................... SKIPPED
[INFO] Hive Packaging 1.2.1 ............................... SKIPPED
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 51.038 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-12-03T12:16:34+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) on project hive-common: Compilation failure: Compilation failure:
[ERROR] /usr/local/workspace/apache-hive-1.2.1-src/common/src/java/org/apache/hadoop/hive/common/jsonexplain/tez/Vertex.java:[26,28] 程序包org.codehaus.jackson不存在
[ERROR] /usr/local/workspace/apache-hive-1.2.1-src/common/src/java/org/apache/hadoop/hive/common/jsonexplain/tez/Vertex.java:[27,32] 程序包org.codehaus.jackson.map不存在
[ERROR] /usr/local/workspace/apache-hive-1.2.1-src/common/src/java/org/apache/hadoop/hive/common/jsonexplain/tez/Vertex.java:[83,53] 找不到符号
[ERROR] 符号: 类 JsonParseException
[ERROR] 位置: 类 org.apache.hadoop.hive.common.jsonexplain.tez.Vertex
[ERROR] /usr/local/workspace/apache-hive-1.2.1-src/common/src/java/org/apache/hadoop/hive/common/jsonexplain/tez/Vertex.java:[83,73] 找不到符号
[ERROR] 符号: 类 JsonMappingException
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这个错误没什么影响，我就没改，有兴趣的可以自己弄一下

[ERROR] ResourceManager : unable to find resource 'VM_global_library.vm' in any resource loader.