方差膨胀系数(variance inflation factor,VIF)是衡量多元线性回归模型中复 (多重)共线性严重程度的一种度量。它表示回归系数估计量的方差与假设自变量间不线性相关时方差相比的比值。
import numpy as np
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
coef0=np.array([5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12])
X1=np.random.rand(100,8)
y=np.dot(X1,coef0)+np.random.normal(0,1.5,size=100)
training=np.random.choice([True,False],p=[0.8,0.2],size=100)
lr1=LinearRegression()
lr1.fit(X1[training],y[training])
# 系数的均方误差MSE
print(((lr1.coef_-coef0)**2).sum()/8)
# 测试集准确率(R2)
print(lr1.score(X1[~training],y[~training]))
X2=np.column_stack([X1,np.dot(X1[:,[0,1]],np.array([1,1]))+np.random.normal(0,0.05,size=100)])
X2=np.column_stack([X2,np.dot(X2[:,[1,2,3]],np.array([1,1,1]))+np.random.normal(0,0.05,size=100)])
X3=np.column_stack([X1,np.random.rand(100,2)])
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
clf=LinearRegression()
vif2=np.zeros((10,1))
for i in range(10):
tmp=[k for k in range(10) if k!=i]
clf.fit(X2[:,tmp],X2[:,i])
vifi=1/(1-clf.score(X2[:,tmp],X2[:,i]))
vif2[i]=vifi
plt.figure()
ax = plt.gca()
ax.plot(vif2)
#ax.plot(vif3)
plt.xlabel('feature')
plt.ylabel('VIF')
plt.title('VIF coefficients of the features')
plt.axis('tight')
plt.show()