Unity—技能系统(一)
技能系统(一)
一.Demo展示
二.功能介绍
集成了技能,冷却,buff,UI显示,倒计时,动画等;
技能类型:弹道技能,动画事件根据帧数采用延迟调用技能,自定义释放位置(偏移,发射点两种),buff类型技能(自身增益buff,敌人减益buff,比如加防御和毒);
技能伤害判定:碰撞判定,圆形判定(自定义圆心和半径),扇形(角度和半径),线性(长宽),选中目标才可释放;
技能伤害支持多段;
Buff类型:燃烧,减速,感电,眩晕,中毒,击退,击飞,拉拽;增益:回血,加防御;
三.工具类介绍
CollectionHelper——数组工具,泛型,可以传入数组和条件委托,返回数组中符合条件的所有对象,以及排序功能;
TransformHelper——递归查找指定父节点下所有子节点,返回找到的目标;
SingletonMono——继承了MonoBehaviour的单例;
四.基类
1.Skill
技能数据类,所有可以外部导入的技能数据都放在这个类中,以便于可以外部导入数据;
由于测试demo,我另外写了一个SkillTemp类,继承了ScriptaleObject,方便填写测试数据;
/// <summary>
/// 技能类型,可叠加
/// </summary>
public enum DamageType
{
Bullet = 4, //特效粒子碰撞伤害
None = 8, //无伤害,未使用,为none可以不选
Buff = 32, //buff技能
//二选一
FirePos = 128, //有发射位置点
FxOffset = 256, //发射偏移,无偏移偏移量为0
//四选一
Circle = 512, //圈判定
Sector = 1024, //扇形判定
Line = 4096, //线性判定
Select = 8192, //选中才可释放
}
DamageType用来确定技能的行为,赋值都是2的倍数,可以使用与或非来减少变量个数;
后来发现直接用List好像也行,后面的Buff就使用了List来存储叠加的情况;
[CreateAssetMenu(menuName="Create SkillTemp")]
public class SkillTemp : ScriptableObject
{
public Skill skill = new Skill();
/// <summary>技能类型,可用 | 拼接</summary>>
public DamageType[] damageType;
}
继承了ScriptableObject可以右键创建技能模板,直接在inspector界面编辑;
2.SkillData
组合了Skill类,在Skill类的基础上,添加了更多的不可外部传参的数据;
比如技能特效的引用,技能所有者引用,存储技能攻击目标对象用来在技能模块之间传递,以及技能等级冷却等动态变化的数据;
public class SkillData
{
[HideInInspector] public GameObject Owner;
/// <summary>技能数据</summary>
[SerializeField]
public Skill skill;
/// <summary>技能等级</summary>
public int level;
/// <summary>冷却剩余</summary>
[HideInInspector]
public float coolRemain;
/// <summary>攻击目标</summary>
[HideInInspector] public GameObject[] attackTargets;
/// <summary>是否激活</summary>
[HideInInspector]
public bool Activated;
/// <summary>技能预制对象</summary>
[HideInInspector]
public GameObject skillPrefab;
[HideInInspector]
public GameObject hitFxPrefab;
}
3.CharacterStatus
准确来说这个类不属于技能系统,他用来记录人物属性数据,以及提供受伤,刷新UI条等接口;
同时这个类存储着技能系统必须用到的受击特效挂载点HitFxPos,发射点FirePos,选中Mesh或特效物体selected,伤害数值出现点hudPos,自身头像血条UI物体uiPortrait;
最好是英雄和敌人单独写一个类继承这个基类,但是测试的话这个类就够用了;
public class CharacterStatus : MonoBehaviour
{
/// <summary>生命 </summary>
public float HP = 100;
/// <summary>生命 </summary>
public float MaxHP=100;
/// <summary>当前魔法 </summary>
public float SP = 100;
/// <summary>最大魔法 </summary>
public float MaxSP =100;
/// <summary>伤害基数</summary>
public float damage = 100;
///<summary>命中</summary>
public float hitRate = 1;
///<summary>闪避</summary>
public float dodgeRate = 1;
/// <summary>防御</summary>
public float defence = 10f;
/// <summary>主技能攻击距离 ,用于设置AI的攻击范围,与目标距离此范围内发起攻击</summary>
public float attackDistance = 2;
/// <summary>受击特效挂点 挂点名为HitFxPos </summary>
[HideInInspector]
public Transform HitFxPos;
[HideInInspector]
public Transform FirePos;
public GameObject selected;
private GameObject damagePopup;
private Transform hudPos;
public UIPortrait uiPortrait;
public virtual void Start()
{
if (CompareTag("Player"))
{
uiPortrait = GameObject.FindGameObjectWithTag("HeroHead").GetComponent<UIPortrait>();
}
else if (CompareTag("Enemy"))
{
Transform canvas = GameObject.FindGameObjectWithTag("Canvas").transform;
uiPortrait = Instantiate(Resources.Load<GameObject>("UIEnemyPortrait"), canvas).GetComponent<UIPortrait>();
uiPortrait.gameObject.SetActive(false);
//存储所有的uiPortarit在单例中
MonsterMgr.I.AddEnemyPortraits(uiPortrait);
}
uiPortrait.cstatus = this;
//更新血蓝条
uiPortrait.RefreshHpMp();
damagePopup = Resources.Load<GameObject>("HUD");
//初始化数据
selected = TransformHelper.FindChild(transform, "Selected").gameObject;
HitFxPos = TransformHelper.FindChild(transform, "HitFxPos");
FirePos = TransformHelper.FindChild(transform, "FirePos");
hudPos = TransformHelper.FindChild(transform, "HUDPos");
}
/// <summary>受击 模板方法</summary>
public virtual void OnDamage(float damage, GameObject killer,bool isBuff = false)
{
//应用伤害
var damageVal = ApplyDamage(damage, killer);
//应用PopDamage
DamagePopup pop = Instantiate(damagePopup).GetComponent<DamagePopup>();
pop.target = hudPos;
pop.transform.rotation = Quaternion.identity;
pop.Value = damageVal.ToString();
//ApplyUI画像
if (!isBuff)
{
uiPortrait.gameObject.SetActive(true);
uiPortrait.transform.SetAsLastSibling();
uiPortrait.RefreshHpMp();
}
}
/// <summary>应用伤害</summary>
public virtual float ApplyDamage(float damage, GameObject killer)
{
HP -= damage;
//应用死亡
if (HP <= 0)
{
HP = 0;
Destroy(killer, 5f);
}
return damage;
}
}
4.IAttackSelector
目标选择器接口,只定义了一个方法,选择符合条件的目标并返回;
//策略模式 将选择算法进行抽象
/// <summary>攻击目标选择算法</summary>
public interface IAttackSelector
{
///<summary>目标选择算法</summary>
GameObject[] SelectTarget(SkillData skillData, Transform skillTransform);
}
LineAttackSelector,CircleAttackSelector,SectorAttackSelector线性,圆形,扇形目标选择器,继承该接口;
就只展示一个了CircleAttackSelector;
class CircleAttackSelector : IAttackSelector
{
public GameObject[] SelectTarget(SkillData skillData, Transform skillTransform)
{
//发一个球形射线,找出所有碰撞体
var colliders = Physics.OverlapSphere(skillTransform.position, skillData.skill.attackDisntance);
if (colliders == null || colliders.Length == 0) return null;
//通过碰撞体拿到所有的gameobject对象
String[] attTags = skillData.skill.attckTargetTags;
var array = CollectionHelper.Select<Collider, GameObject>(colliders, p => p.gameObject);
//挑选出对象中能攻击的,血量大于0的
array = CollectionHelper.FindAll<GameObject>(array,
p => Array.IndexOf(attTags, p.tag) >= 0
&& p.GetComponent<CharacterStatus>().HP > 0);
if (array == null || array.Length == 0) return null;
GameObject[] targets = null;
//根据技能是单体还是群攻,决定返回多少敌人对象
if (skillData.skill.attackNum == 1)
{
//将所有的敌人,按与技能的发出者之间的距离升序排列,
CollectionHelper.OrderBy<GameObject, float>(array,
p => Vector3.Distance(skillData.Owner.transform.position, p.transform.position));
targets = new GameObject[] {array[0]};
}
else
{
int attNum = skillData.skill.attackNum;
if (attNum >= array.Length)
targets = array;
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < attNum; i++)
{
targets[i] = array[i];
}
}
}
return targets;
}
}
这里有个问题,技能的目标选择器每次释放技能都会调用,因此会重复频繁的创建,但其实这只是提供方法而已;
解决:使用工厂来缓存目标选择器;
//简单工厂
//创建敌人选择器
public class SelectorFactory
{
//攻击目标选择器缓存
private static Dictionary<string, IAttackSelector> cache = new Dictionary<string, IAttackSelector>();
public static IAttackSelector CreateSelector(DamageMode mode)
{
//没有缓存则创建
if (!cache.ContainsKey(mode.ToString()))
{
var nameSpace = typeof(SelectorFactory).Namespace;
string classFullName = string.Format("{0}AttackSelector", mode.ToString());
if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(nameSpace))
classFullName = nameSpace + "." + classFullName;
Type type = Type.GetType(classFullName);
cache.Add(mode.ToString(), Activator.CreateInstance(type) as IAttackSelector);
}
//从缓存中取得创建好的选择器对象
return cache[mode.ToString()];
}
}
小结
所有基类,前期准备数据只有这些,另外想Demo更有体验感,还需要有角色控制,相机跟随脚本;
之后就是技能管理系统,技能释放器等;
Life is too short for so much sorrow.