Python+Unittest接口自动化测试(一)---Request的基本使用&函数封装
一、Request的初体验
1. GET接口
import requests# http://fanyi.youdao.com/translate?&doctype=json&type=AUTO&i=今天 #网上找的,这个是有道词典的查询接口,传的参数也比较简单,可以直接使用 url = 'http://fanyi.youdao.com/translate' data = { 'doctype': 'json', 'type': 'AUTO', 'i': 'weather' } res = requests.get(url=url, params=data, timeout=5) #get接口传参数时,关键字用params【post接口关键字用data,后面例子中可以见】 print(res.url) print(res.json()) print(res.status_code) print(res.raise_for_status()) print(res.encoding) print(res.raw)print(res.request) print(res.request.headers)
运行结果:
2. POST接口
import requests
url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/' data = { 'username': 'Jessie', 'password': '123456' } res = requests.post(url=url, data=data, timeout=5) #post接口参数关键字,用data print(res.url) print(res.json())
运行结果:
二、封装函数发送GET/POST请求
把上面的发送POST/GET请求封装成函数,使用时直接调用,最后把数据返回出去
#coding:utf-8 import requests def send_get(url, data): #定义GET函数 res = requests.get(url=url, params=data) result = res.json() return result def send_post(url, data): #定义POST函数 res = requests.post(url=url, data=data) result = res.json() return result def main(url, method, data): #定义主函数。根据method是GET还是POST,调用相应的send_get()或send_post方法 if method == 'POST': res = send_post(url, data) else: res = send_get(url, data) return res url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/' data = { 'username':'Jessie', 'password':'123456' } demo_test_post = main(url, 'POST', data) print(demo_test_post)
运行结果:
三、封装类,发送GET/POST接口
#coding=utf-8 import requests import json class RunMain: def send_get(self, url, data): # res = requests.get(url=url, params=data).json() # return res res = requests.get(url=url, params=data) result = res.json() return json.dumps(result, indent=2, sort_keys=False, ensure_ascii=False) # dumps是将dict转化成str格式,loads是将str转化成dict格式 # indent=2将输出结果缩进2个字符显示 # sort_keys=False,输出结果是否按照关键字排序 #son_dumps(dict)时,如果dict包含有汉字,json.dumps 序列化时对中文默认使用的ascii编码,想输出真正的中文需要指定ensure_ascii=False def send_post(self, url, data): # res = requests.post(url=url, data=data).json() # return res res = requests.post(url=url, data=data) result = res.json() return json.dumps(result, indent=2, sort_keys=False, ensure_ascii=False) def run_main(self, url, method, data=None): res = None if method == 'GET': res = self.send_get(url, data) else: res = self.send_post(url, data) return res if __name__ == '__main__': # url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/' # data = { # 'username': 'Jessie', # 'password': '123456' # } url = 'http://fanyi.youdao.com/translate' data = { 'doctype': 'json', 'type': 'AUTO', 'i': 'weather' } run = RunMain() # print(run.run_main(url, 'POST', data)) print(run.run_main(url, 'GET', data))
运行结果:
使用了json.dumps
未使用json.dumps:
IN A WORLD LIKE THIS
萬物之中,希望至美;至美之物,永不凋零