从零构建以太坊(Ethereum)智能合约到项目实战——第21章 搭建联盟链

P78 、1-内容介绍

什么情况下建立自己测试用的PoA chain?

  • 公司内网或无对外网络,无法同步区块
  • 降低测试时等待区块的时间
  • 不想碰到testrpc各种雷

PoA chain特点有

  • 有别于PoW(Proof-of-Work)需要解数学难题来产生block,PoA是依靠预设好的Authority nodes,负责产生block。
  • 可依照需求设定Authority nodes数量。
  • 可指定产生block的时间,例如收到交易的5秒后产生block。
  • 一般的Ethereum node也可以连接到PoA chain,正常发起transactions,contracts等。

大纲

1、Parity钱包下载安装

2、设置chain spec

3、设置两个节点

4、设置账号(Account)

5、启动Authority node

6、连接两个节点

7、发送交易

8、分享给其它节点


P79 、2-Parity钱包下载安装

钱包有:Mist钱包、Metamask、myetherwallet钱包。

Parity钱包下载安装:https://www.parity.io/ethereum/

https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.2.9

ubuntu安装parit教程:https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum

https://wiki.parity.io/Setup

后来摸索着步骤:

1、ubuntu安装Homebrew:https://blog.csdn.net/Cocoa_vip/article/details/74395285

步骤:

将如下代码粘贴到终端,如果没有安装ruby,使用apt-get install ruby安装:

ruby -e "$(wget -O- https://raw.github.com/Homebrew/linuxbrew/go/install)"

2、增加parity到你的Homebrew ‘keys’中,首先ubuntu安装好 linuxbrew-wrapper,

apt install linuxbrew-wrapper

 

brew tap paritytech/paritytech

 

3、安装parity

  • 稳定版
brew install parity --stable
  •  最新版(推荐)
brew install parity
  • 最新开发板
brew install parity --master
  • 更新最新版本
brew update && brew upgrade parity

或者

brew reinstall parity

4、查看安装版本

parity --version

https://www.cnblogs.com/sumingk/articles/9097996.html

 

P80 、3-demo-spec 配置文件

PoA chain 需要设置一个创世区块。

{
  "name": "DemoPoA",
  "engine": {
    "authorityRound": {
      "params": {
        "stepDuration": "5",
        "validators": {
          "list": [
            
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "params": {
    "gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400",
    "maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
    "minGasLimit": "0x1388",
    "networkID": "0x2323"
  },
  "genesis": {
    "seal": {
      "authorityRound": {
        "step": "0x0",
        "signature": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
      }
    },
    "difficulty": "0x20000",
    "gasLimit": "0x5B8D80"
  },
  "accounts": {
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
      "balance": "1",
      "builtin": {
        "name": "ecrecover",
        "pricing": {
          "linear": {
            "base": 3000,
            "word": 0
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": {
      "balance": "1",
      "builtin": {
        "name": "sha256",
        "pricing": {
          "linear": {
            "base": 60,
            "word": 12
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": {
      "balance": "1",
      "builtin": {
        "name": "ripemd160",
        "pricing": {
          "linear": {
            "base": 600,
            "word": 120
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": {
      "balance": "1",
      "builtin": {
        "name": "identity",
        "pricing": {
          "linear": {
            "base": 15,
            "word": 3
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

 

  • stepDuration 设定成5秒产生一个区块。
  • validators 设定 Authority 的地方,目前先空着,后面创建 account 之后再回来填入。

将上面的文件保存到桌面的一个文件中,保存为demo-spec.json。

P81 、4-POA Node创建的两种方法

我们在同一台电脑设置两个节点,在私链建立中,如果在同一台电脑设置两个节点,需要将rpcport和port设置为不同的值,否则就会发生冲突,POA chain中也是一样,需要将一些参数设置为不同的值。

  • -d:指定存储资料与账号的目录
  • --dport:指定Parity的network port,可用来让其他node连接
  • --jsonrpc-port:这是JSON RPC port,使用web3.js时会需要
  • ui-port:Parity提供给Web-based UI port

可以使用下列指令启动Parity node。

parity --chain demo-spec.json -d parity0 --port 30300  --ui-port 8180  --jsonrpc-port 8540 --jsonrpc-apis web3,eth,net,personal,parity,parity_set,traces,rpc,parity_accounts

 浏览器输入:

localhost:8180

 

访问联盟链的UI界面。

 

除了打一长串的指令外,Parity也提供更为简洁的config档案设定方式,使用--config即可引用配置文件。

  • node0 使用如下配置 node0.toml:
[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity0"
[network]
port = 30300
[rpc]
port = 8540
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
cors = ["*"]
[ui]
port = 8180
[websockets]
port = 8456
  • node1 使用如下配置 node1.toml:
[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity1"
[network]
port = 30301
[rpc]
port = 8541
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
cors = ["*"]
[ui]
port = 8181
[websockets]
port = 8457

 

 

P82 、5-node0 & node1 配置以及账号创建

我们总共需要设置三个账号,两个Authority 和一个 user 账号。

第一步:首先启动node0 : parity --config node0.toml

打开网页http://localhost:8180,按照步骤创建一个用户账号。

  • 新增Authority account,使用Restore功能,为了示范一致性,我们使用 node0 当作 pass phrase

到目前为止我们已经完成node0的账号设置。

  • Authority account:0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e
  • User account:0x0064B0999c0142eE99aB0ceC054BAb53fe0a3EcC

第二步:设置node1的账号,启动parity --config node1.toml。步骤相同,连接到 http://localhost:8181 ,pass phrase使用 node1

这样就完成了node1的账号设置。

  • Authority account:0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180

第三步:将Authority account 写入 demo-spec.json 文件

"validators": {
  "list": [
    "0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180",
    "0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e"
  ]
}

再将user account加入accounts,並给一些balance,后续可以使用。

"0x0064B0999c0142eE99aB0ceC054BAb53fe0a3EcC": {
  "balance": "10000000000000000000000"
}

完成后的demo-spec.json如下:

{
  "name": "DemoPoA",
  "engine": {
    "authorityRound": {
      "params": {
        "stepDuration": "5",
        "validators": {
          "list": [
            "0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180",
            "0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "params": {
    "gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400",
    "maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
    "minGasLimit": "0x1388",
    "networkID": "0x2323"
  },
  "genesis": {
    "seal": {
      "authorityRound": {
        "step": "0x0",
        "signature": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
      }
    },
    "difficulty": "0x20000",
    "gasLimit": "0x5B8D80"
  },
  "accounts": {
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
      "balance": "1",
      "builtin": {
        "name": "ecrecover",
        "pricing": {
          "linear": {
            "base": 3000,
            "word": 0
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": {
      "balance": "1",
      "builtin": {
        "name": "sha256",
        "pricing": {
          "linear": {
            "base": 60,
            "word": 12
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": {
      "balance": "1",
      "builtin": {
        "name": "ripemd160",
        "pricing": {
          "linear": {
            "base": 600,
            "word": 120
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "0x0064B0999c0142eE99aB0ceC054BAb53fe0a3EcC": {
      "balance": "10000000000000000000000"
    },
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": {
      "balance": "1",
      "builtin": {
        "name": "identity",
        "pricing": {
          "linear": {
            "base": 15,
            "word": 3
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

 

五、启动Authority node

为了启动Authority node来产生区块,我们必须设定负责产生blocksigner,分別是 node0 和 node1 account

1、第一步,创建一个node.pwds文件,写入node0node1password,内容如下:

node0
node1

2、第二步,在node0.toml文件中加入[account]及[mining]设置,如下:

[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity0"
[network]
port = 30300
[rpc]
port = 8540
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
cors = ["*"]
[ui]
port = 8180
[account]
password = ["node.pwds"]
[mining]
engine_signer = "0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e"
reseal_on_txs = "none"

 

3、第三步,在node1.toml文件中加入[account]及[mining]设置,如下:

[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity1"
[network]
port = 30301
[rpc]
port = 8541
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
cors = ["*"]
[ui]
port = 8181
[websockets]
port = 8457
[account]
password = ["node.pwds"]
[mining]
engine_signer = "0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180"
reseal_on_txs = "none"

 

4、第四步,Step 4 分別启动两个node

parity --config node0.toml
parity --config node1.toml

 

P83 、6-多节点连接、交易、互通

六、连接两个节点

使用Postman透过JSON RPC来测试。

1、第一步,Post下列JSON数据至 http://localhost:8540 以取得 node0 的enode资料

{
 "jsonrpc":"2.0",
 "method":"parity_enode",
 "params":[],
 "id":0
}

 

获取到的数据如下:

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "result": "enode://cfb3af513da3a7a8138450f0dc01fa38cb2ac837744dc645038940287f4dce3f416f0e7e17fd10619a263c360d9324fd2dcd8753c4500fcc54cf84e076b39cd6@192.168.10.101:30300",
    "id": 0
}

 

"enode://cfb3af513da3a7a8138450f0dc01fa38cb2ac837744dc645038940287f4dce3f416f0e7e17fd10619a263c360d9324fd2dcd8753c4500fcc54cf84e076b39cd6@192.168.10.101:30300"node0的标识。下一步中我们将将它加入到node1中以实现两个节点之间的连接。

2、第二步,将 node0 的enode加入 node1 ,Post下列JSONs数据至node1 (http://localhost:8541 )

{
 "jsonrpc":"2.0",
 "method":"parity_addReservedPeer",
 "params":["enode://cfb3af513da3a7a8138450f0dc01fa38cb2ac837744dc645038940287f4dce3f416f0e7e17fd10619a263c360d9324fd2dcd8753c4500fcc54cf84e076b39cd6@192.168.10.101:30300"],
 "id":0
}

 

返回的数据如下,result为true,说明连接成功:

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "result": true,
    "id": 0
}

再切换到node1的终端,会看到下面的数据:

1/25 peers 13 KiB chain 11 KiB db 0 bytes queue 10 KiB sync RPC: 0 conn, 0 req/s, 24 µs

如上图所示,表示连接成功。

七、发送交易

在我们这个案例中,我们一个创建了三个账号,一个用户账号,两个POA账号,刚开始的时候我们为用户账号初始化了10000 ETH。如下图所示,账号与账号之间可以相互转账。

八、分享给其他节点

在开发时通常会将node跑在server上,让其他人可以通过JSON RPC port连接上去使用,此时只要在config文件里面加入 [interface] 设置即可。

假设server ip192.168.1.5,将 node0.toml 修改如下:

[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity0"
[network]
port = 30300
[rpc]
port = 8540
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
interface = "192.168.1.5"
[ui]
port = 8180
[account]
password = ["node.pwds"]
[mining]
engine_signer = "0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e"
reseal_on_txs = "none"

node1.toml 修改如下:

[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity1"
[network]
port = 30301
[rpc]
port = 8541
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
interface = "192.168.1.5"
[ui]
port = 8181
[websockets]
port = 8457
[account]
password = ["node.pwds"]
[mining]
engine_signer = "0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180"
reseal_on_txs = "none"

 

posted @ 2019-02-13 18:47  m0w3n  阅读(1114)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报