从零构建以太坊(Ethereum)智能合约到项目实战——第21章 搭建联盟链
P78 、1-内容介绍
什么情况下建立自己测试用的PoA chain?
- 公司内网或无对外网络,无法同步区块
- 降低测试时等待区块的时间
- 不想碰到testrpc各种雷
PoA chain特点有
- 有别于PoW(Proof-of-Work)需要解数学难题来产生block,PoA是依靠预设好的Authority nodes,负责产生block。
- 可依照需求设定Authority nodes数量。
- 可指定产生block的时间,例如收到交易的5秒后产生block。
- 一般的Ethereum node也可以连接到PoA chain,正常发起transactions,contracts等。
大纲
1、Parity钱包下载安装
2、设置chain spec
3、设置两个节点
4、设置账号(Account)
5、启动Authority node
6、连接两个节点
7、发送交易
8、分享给其它节点
P79 、2-Parity钱包下载安装
钱包有:Mist钱包、Metamask、myetherwallet钱包。
Parity钱包下载安装:https://www.parity.io/ethereum/
https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.2.9
ubuntu安装parit教程:https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum
https://wiki.parity.io/Setup
后来摸索着步骤:
1、ubuntu安装Homebrew:https://blog.csdn.net/Cocoa_vip/article/details/74395285
步骤:
将如下代码粘贴到终端,如果没有安装ruby,使用apt-get install ruby安装:
ruby -e "$(wget -O- https://raw.github.com/Homebrew/linuxbrew/go/install)"
2、增加parity到你的Homebrew ‘keys’中,首先ubuntu安装好 linuxbrew-wrapper,
apt install linuxbrew-wrapper
brew tap paritytech/paritytech
3、安装parity
- 稳定版
brew install parity --stable
- 最新版(推荐)
brew install parity
- 最新开发板
brew install parity --master
- 更新最新版本
brew update && brew upgrade parity
或者
brew reinstall parity
4、查看安装版本
parity --version
https://www.cnblogs.com/sumingk/articles/9097996.html
P80 、3-demo-spec 配置文件
PoA chain 需要设置一个创世区块。
{ "name": "DemoPoA", "engine": { "authorityRound": { "params": { "stepDuration": "5", "validators": { "list": [ ] } } } }, "params": { "gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400", "maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20", "minGasLimit": "0x1388", "networkID": "0x2323" }, "genesis": { "seal": { "authorityRound": { "step": "0x0", "signature": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" } }, "difficulty": "0x20000", "gasLimit": "0x5B8D80" }, "accounts": { "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ecrecover", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } } } }, "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "sha256", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } } } }, "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } }, "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } } } }
- stepDuration 设定成5秒产生一个区块。
- validators 设定 Authority 的地方,目前先空着,后面创建 account 之后再回来填入。
将上面的文件保存到桌面的一个文件中,保存为demo-spec.json。
P81 、4-POA Node创建的两种方法
我们在同一台电脑设置两个节点,在私链建立中,如果在同一台电脑设置两个节点,需要将rpcport和port设置为不同的值,否则就会发生冲突,POA chain中也是一样,需要将一些参数设置为不同的值。
- -d:指定存储资料与账号的目录
- --dport:指定Parity的network port,可用来让其他node连接
- --jsonrpc-port:这是JSON RPC port,使用web3.js时会需要
- ui-port:Parity提供给Web-based UI port
可以使用下列指令启动Parity node。
parity --chain demo-spec.json -d parity0 --port 30300 --ui-port 8180 --jsonrpc-port 8540 --jsonrpc-apis web3,eth,net,personal,parity,parity_set,traces,rpc,parity_accounts
浏览器输入:
localhost:8180
访问联盟链的UI界面。
除了打一长串的指令外,Parity也提供更为简洁的config档案设定方式,使用--config即可引用配置文件。
- node0 使用如下配置 node0.toml:
[parity] chain = "demo-spec.json" base_path = "parity0" [network] port = 30300 [rpc] port = 8540 apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"] cors = ["*"] [ui] port = 8180 [websockets] port = 8456
- node1 使用如下配置 node1.toml:
[parity] chain = "demo-spec.json" base_path = "parity1" [network] port = 30301 [rpc] port = 8541 apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"] cors = ["*"] [ui] port = 8181 [websockets] port = 8457
P82 、5-node0 & node1 配置以及账号创建
我们总共需要设置三个账号,两个Authority 和一个 user 账号。
第一步:首先启动node0
: parity --config node0.toml
打开网页http://localhost:8180,按照步骤创建一个用户账号。
- 新增
Authority account
,使用Restore
功能,为了示范一致性,我们使用node0
当作pass phrase
。
到目前为止我们已经完成node0
的账号设置。
- Authority account:
0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e
- User account:
0x0064B0999c0142eE99aB0ceC054BAb53fe0a3EcC
第二步:设置node1
的账号,启动parity --config node1.toml
。步骤相同,连接到 http://localhost:8181 ,pass phrase
使用 node1
。
这样就完成了node1
的账号设置。
- Authority account:
0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180
第三步:将Authority account 写入 demo-spec.json 文件
"validators": { "list": [ "0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180", "0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e" ] }
再将user account
加入accounts
,並给一些balance
,后续可以使用。
"0x0064B0999c0142eE99aB0ceC054BAb53fe0a3EcC": { "balance": "10000000000000000000000" }
完成后的demo-spec.json
如下:
{ "name": "DemoPoA", "engine": { "authorityRound": { "params": { "stepDuration": "5", "validators": { "list": [ "0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180", "0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e" ] } } } }, "params": { "gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400", "maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20", "minGasLimit": "0x1388", "networkID": "0x2323" }, "genesis": { "seal": { "authorityRound": { "step": "0x0", "signature": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" } }, "difficulty": "0x20000", "gasLimit": "0x5B8D80" }, "accounts": { "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ecrecover", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } } } }, "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "sha256", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } } } }, "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } }, "0x0064B0999c0142eE99aB0ceC054BAb53fe0a3EcC": { "balance": "10000000000000000000000" }, "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } } } }
五、启动Authority node
为了启动Authority node
来产生区块,我们必须设定负责产生block
的signer
,分別是 node0
和 node1 account
。
1、第一步,创建一个node.pwds
文件,写入node0
与node1
的password
,内容如下:
node0
node1
2、第二步,在node0.toml文件中加入[account]及[mining]设置,如下:
[parity] chain = "demo-spec.json" base_path = "parity0" [network] port = 30300 [rpc] port = 8540 apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"] cors = ["*"] [ui] port = 8180 [account] password = ["node.pwds"] [mining] engine_signer = "0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e" reseal_on_txs = "none"
3、第三步,在node1.toml文件中加入[account]及[mining]设置,如下:
[parity] chain = "demo-spec.json" base_path = "parity1" [network] port = 30301 [rpc] port = 8541 apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"] cors = ["*"] [ui] port = 8181 [websockets] port = 8457 [account] password = ["node.pwds"] [mining] engine_signer = "0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180" reseal_on_txs = "none"
4、第四步,Step 4 分別启动两个node
parity --config node0.toml
parity --config node1.toml
P83 、6-多节点连接、交易、互通
六、连接两个节点
使用Postman
透过JSON RPC
来测试。
1、第一步,Post下列JSON数据至 http://localhost:8540 以取得 node0 的enode资料
{ "jsonrpc":"2.0", "method":"parity_enode", "params":[], "id":0 }
获取到的数据如下:
{ "jsonrpc": "2.0", "result": "enode://cfb3af513da3a7a8138450f0dc01fa38cb2ac837744dc645038940287f4dce3f416f0e7e17fd10619a263c360d9324fd2dcd8753c4500fcc54cf84e076b39cd6@192.168.10.101:30300", "id": 0 }
"enode://cfb3af513da3a7a8138450f0dc01fa38cb2ac837744dc645038940287f4dce3f416f0e7e17fd10619a263c360d9324fd2dcd8753c4500fcc54cf84e076b39cd6@192.168.10.101:30300"
是node0
的标识。下一步中我们将将它加入到node1
中以实现两个节点之间的连接。
2、第二步,将 node0 的enode加入 node1 ,Post下列JSONs数据至node1 (http://localhost:8541 )
{ "jsonrpc":"2.0", "method":"parity_addReservedPeer", "params":["enode://cfb3af513da3a7a8138450f0dc01fa38cb2ac837744dc645038940287f4dce3f416f0e7e17fd10619a263c360d9324fd2dcd8753c4500fcc54cf84e076b39cd6@192.168.10.101:30300"], "id":0 }
返回的数据如下,result
为true,说明连接成功:
{ "jsonrpc": "2.0", "result": true, "id": 0 }
再切换到node1
的终端,会看到下面的数据:
1/25 peers 13 KiB chain 11 KiB db 0 bytes queue 10 KiB sync RPC: 0 conn, 0 req/s, 24 µs
如上图所示,表示连接成功。
七、发送交易
在我们这个案例中,我们一个创建了三个账号,一个用户账号,两个POA
账号,刚开始的时候我们为用户账号初始化了10000 ETH
。如下图所示,账号与账号之间可以相互转账。
八、分享给其他节点
在开发时通常会将node跑在server上,让其他人可以通过JSON RPC port
连接上去使用,此时只要在config
文件里面加入 [interface]
设置即可。
假设server ip
为192.168.1.5
,将 node0.toml
修改如下:
[parity] chain = "demo-spec.json" base_path = "parity0" [network] port = 30300 [rpc] port = 8540 apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"] interface = "192.168.1.5" [ui] port = 8180 [account] password = ["node.pwds"] [mining] engine_signer = "0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e" reseal_on_txs = "none"
node1.toml
修改如下:
[parity] chain = "demo-spec.json" base_path = "parity1" [network] port = 30301 [rpc] port = 8541 apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"] interface = "192.168.1.5" [ui] port = 8181 [websockets] port = 8457 [account] password = ["node.pwds"] [mining] engine_signer = "0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180" reseal_on_txs = "none"