Docker学习笔记-（1）常用命令
Docker基础命令
1. 查询镜像
1 docker search [镜像名] 2 例如： docker search ubuntu
2. 获取镜像
1 docker pull [镜像名:版本号] 2 例如：docker pull ubuntu 3 #获取ubuntu官方镜像 4 #如果不写版本号默认为：latest, 即 docker pull ubuntu:latest
3. 运行镜像
1 docker run [参数] [镜像名:版本号] 2 例如：docker run -i -t ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash 3 #docker run 运行一个容器 4 #-t 分配一个（伪）tty 5 #-i 交互模式 6 #ubuntu:14.04 使用ubuntu基础镜像14.04 7 #/bin/bash 运行命令 bash shell
$ sudo docker run --help Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...] Run a command in a new container -a, --attach=[] Attach to stdin, stdout or stderr. -c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight) # 设置 cpu 使用权重
--cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities --cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities --cidfile="" Write the container ID to the file # 把容器 id 写入到指定文件
--cpuset="" CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) # cpu 绑定
-d, --detach=false Detached mode: Run container in the background, print new container id # 后台运行容器
--device=[] Add a host device to the container (e.g. --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc) --dns=[] Set custom dns servers # 设置 dns
--dns-search=[] Set custom dns search domains # 设置 dns 域搜索
-e, --env=[] Set environment variables # 定义环境变量
--entrypoint="" Overwrite the default entrypoint of the image # ？
--env-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of ENV variables # 从指定文件读取变量值
--expose=[] Expose a port from the container without publishing it to your host # 指定对外提供服务端口
-h, --hostname="" Container host name # 设置容器主机名
-i, --interactive=false Keep stdin open even if not attached # 保持标准输出开启即使没有
attached --link=[] Add link to another container (name:alias) # 添加链接到另外一个容器
--lxc-conf=[] (lxc exec-driver only) Add custom lxc options --lxc-conf="lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0,1" -m, --memory="" Memory limit (format: <number><optional unit>, where unit = b, k, m or g) # 内存限制
--name="" Assign a name to the container # 设置容器名
--net="bridge" Set the Network mode for the container # 设置容器网络模式 'bridge': creates a new network stack for the container on the docker bridge 'none': no networking for this container 'container:<name|id>': reuses another container network stack 'host': use the host network stack inside the container. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure. -P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to the host interfaces # 自动映射容器对外提供服务的端口
-p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port to the host # 指定端口映射 format: ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort (use 'docker port' to see the actual mapping)
--privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container # 提供更多的权限给容器
--restart="" Restart policy to apply when a container exits (no, on-failure[:max-retry], always) --rm=false Automatically remove the container when it exits (incompatible with -d) # 如果容器退出自动移除和 -d 选项冲突
--security-opt=[] Security Options --sig-proxy=true Proxify received signals to the process (even in non-tty mode). SIGCHLD is not proxied. -t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-tty # 分配伪终端
-u, --user="" Username or UID # 指定运行容器的用户 uid 或者用户名
-v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume (e.g., from the host: -v /host:/container, from docker: -v /container) # 挂载卷
--volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s) # 从指定容器挂载卷
-w, --workdir="" Working directory inside the container # 指定容器工作目录
4. 查看容器
1 docker ps 2 #查看当前运行的容器 3 docker ps -a 4 #查看当前系统中所有的容器
5. 交互模式快捷键
1 退出 Ctrl+D 或者 exit 2 退出容器 Ctrl+P 并且加上 Ctrl+Q
6. 进入容器
1 docker attach [容器ID] 2 例如: docker attach 44fc0f0582d9 3 docker exec -it [容器ID] /bin/bash 4 例如: docker exec -it 775c7c9ee1e1 /bin/bash
7. 删除容器
1 docker rm [容器ID] 2 例如: docker rm 775c7c9ee1e1
8. 删除镜像
docker rmi [镜像ID] #删除一个或者多个镜像 例如: docker rmi 4sd5dse12s $ sudo docker rmi --help Usage: docker rmi IMAGE [IMAGE...] Remove one or more images -f, --force=false Force removal of the image # 强制移除镜像不管是否有容器使用该镜像 --no-prune=false Do not delete untagged parents # 不要删除未标记的父镜像
9. 帮助命令
1 docker 2 #docker command
$ sudo docker # docker 命令帮助 Commands: attach Attach to a running container # 当前 shell 下 attach 连接指定运行镜像 build Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过 Dockerfile 定制镜像 commit Create a new image from a container's changes # 提交当前容器为新的镜像 cp Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path # 从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中 create Create a new container # 创建一个新的容器，同 run，但不启动容器 diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem # 查看 docker 容器变化 events Get real time events from the server # 从 docker 服务获取容器实时事件 exec Run a command in an existing container # 在已存在的容器上运行命令 export Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive # 导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar 归档文件[对应 import ] history Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史 images List images # 列出系统当前镜像 import Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball # 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应 export] info Display system-wide information # 显示系统相关信息 inspect Return low-level information on a container # 查看容器详细信息 kill Kill a running container # kill 指定 docker 容器 load Load an image from a tar archive # 从一个 tar 包中加载一个镜像[对应 save] login Register or Login to the docker registry server # 注册或者登陆一个 docker 源服务器 logout Log out from a Docker registry server # 从当前 Docker registry 退出 logs Fetch the logs of a container # 输出当前容器日志信息 port Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT # 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口 pause Pause all processes within a container # 暂停容器 ps List containers # 列出容器列表 pull Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server # 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像 push Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器 restart Restart a running container # 重启运行的容器 rm Remove one or more containers # 移除一个或者多个容器 rmi Remove one or more images # 移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除，否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除] run Run a command in a new container # 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令 save Save an image to a tar archive # 保存一个镜像为一个 tar 包[对应 load] search Search for an image on the Docker Hub # 在 docker hub 中搜索镜像 start Start a stopped containers # 启动容器 stop Stop a running containers # 停止容器 tag Tag an image into a repository # 给源中镜像打标签 top Lookup the running processes of a container # 查看容器中运行的进程信息 unpause Unpause a paused container # 取消暂停容器 version Show the docker version information # 查看 docker 版本号 wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code # 截取容器停止时的退出状态值 Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
Usage of docker: --api-enable-cors=false Enable CORS headers in the remote API # 远程 API 中开启 CORS 头 -b, --bridge="" Attach containers to a pre-existing network bridge # 桥接网络 use 'none' to disable container networking --bip="" Use this CIDR notation address for the network bridge's IP, not compatible with -b # 和 -b 选项不兼容，具体没有测试过 -d, --daemon=false Enable daemon mode # daemon 模式 -D, --debug=false Enable debug mode # debug 模式 --dns=[] Force docker to use specific DNS servers # 强制 docker 使用指定 dns 服务器 --dns-search=[] Force Docker to use specific DNS search domains # 强制 docker 使用指定 dns 搜索域 -e, --exec-driver="native" Force the docker runtime to use a specific exec driver # 强制 docker 运行时使用指定执行驱动器 --fixed-cidr="" IPv4 subnet for fixed IPs (ex: 10.20.0.0/16) this subnet must be nested in the bridge subnet (which is defined by -b or --bip) -G, --group="docker" Group to assign the unix socket specified by -H when running in daemon mode use '' (the empty string) to disable setting of a group -g, --graph="/var/lib/docker" Path to use as the root of the docker runtime # 容器运行的根目录路径 -H, --host=[] The socket(s) to bind to in daemon mode # daemon 模式下 docker 指定绑定方式[tcp or 本地 socket] specified using one or more tcp://host:port, unix:///path/to/socket, fd://* or fd://socketfd. --icc=true Enable inter-container communication # 跨容器通信 --insecure-registry=[] Enable insecure communication with specified registries (no certificate verification for HTTPS and enable HTTP fallback) (e.g., localhost:5000 or 10.20.0.0/16) --ip="0.0.0.0" Default IP address to use when binding container ports # 指定监听地址，默认所有 ip --ip-forward=true Enable net.ipv4.ip_forward # 开启转发 --ip-masq=true Enable IP masquerading for bridge's IP range --iptables=true Enable Docker's addition of iptables rules # 添加对应 iptables 规则 --mtu=0 Set the containers network MTU # 设置网络 mtu if no value is provided: default to the default route MTU or 1500 if no default route is available -p, --pidfile="/var/run/docker.pid" Path to use for daemon PID file # 指定 pid 文件位置 --registry-mirror=[] Specify a preferred Docker registry mirror -s, --storage-driver="" Force the docker runtime to use a specific storage driver # 强制 docker 运行时使用指定存储驱动 --selinux-enabled=false Enable selinux support # 开启 selinux 支持 --storage-opt=[] Set storage driver options # 设置存储驱动选项 --tls=false Use TLS; implied by tls-verify flags # 开启 tls --tlscacert="/root/.docker/ca.pem" Trust only remotes providing a certificate signed by the CA given here --tlscert="/root/.docker/cert.pem" Path to TLS certificate file # tls 证书文件位置 --tlskey="/root/.docker/key.pem" Path to TLS key file # tls key 文件位置 --tlsverify=false Use TLS and verify the remote (daemon: verify client, client: verify daemon) # 使用 tls 并确认远程控制主机 -v, --version=false Print version information and quit # 输出 docker 版本信息
10. 查看docker信息
docker info
$ sudo docker info Containers: 1 # 容器个数 Images: 22 # 镜像个数 Storage Driver: devicemapper # 存储驱动 Pool Name: docker-8:17-3221225728-pool Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB Data file: /data/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data Metadata file: /data/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata Data Space Used: 1.83 GB Data Space Total: 107.4 GB Metadata Space Used: 2.191 MB Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB Library Version: 1.02.84-RHEL7 (2014-03-26) Execution Driver: native-0.2 # 存储驱动 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
11. 拉取与推送
1 $ sudo docker pull --help # pull 拉取镜像 Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG] Pull an image or a repository from the registry 2 3 -a, --all-tags=false Download all tagged images in the repository $ sudo docker push # push 推送指定镜像 Usage: docker push NAME[:TAG] Push an image or a repository to the registry 4 5 #示例 6 7 $ sudo docker pull ubuntu # 下载官方 ubuntu docker 镜像，默认下载所有 ubuntu 官方库镜像 $ sudo docker pull ubuntu:14.04 # 下载指定版本 ubuntu 官方镜像 8 9 $ sudo docker push 192.168.0.100:5000/ubuntu # 推送镜像库到私有源[可注册 docker 官方账户，推送到官方自有账户] $ sudo docker push 192.168.0.100:5000/ubuntu:14.04 # 推送指定镜像到私有源
11. 容器运行|停止|杀死...
dockerstart|stop|kill|restart|pause|unpause|rm|commit|inspect|logs docker start CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] # 运行一个或多个停止的容器 docker stop CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] # 停掉一个或多个运行的容器-t选项可指定超时时间 docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] # 默认 kill 发送 SIGKILL 信号-s可以指定发送 kill 信号类型 docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] # 重启一个或多个运行的容器-t选项可指定超时时间 docker pause CONTAINER # 暂停一个容器，方便 commit docker unpause CONTAINER # 继续暂停的容器 docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] # 移除一个或多个容器 -f, --force=false Force removal of running container -l, --link=false Remove the specified link and not the underlying container -v, --volumes=false Remove the volumes associated with the container docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]] # 提交指定容器为镜像 -a, --author="" Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith hannibal@a-team.com ") -m, --message="" Commit message -p, --pause=true Pause container during commit # 默认 commit 是暂停状态 docker inspect CONTAINER|IMAGE [CONTAINER|IMAGE...] # 查看容器或者镜像的详细信息 docker logs CONTAINER # 输出指定容器日志信息 -f, --follow=false Follow log output # 类似 tail -f -t, --timestamps=false Show timestamps --tail="all" Output the specified number of lines at the end of logs (defaults to all logs)
