腾讯云-初始化轻量服务器python web环境

需求内容：

初始话环境用于运行python Django框架网站，数据库为mysql（docker），反向代理Nginx，版本控制git

系统选择

centos7.6

删除旧版python

默认自带python3.6，安装最新python3.9.7版本
先不安装python，等更新好sqlite3版本之后再安装，这样可以省去很多麻烦。
默认的sqlite3版本较低，不支持django2.0+

• 删除命令：

  rpm -qa | grep python3 | xargs rpm -e --allmatches --nodeps
  
  whereis python3.6
  
  python3: /usr/lib/python3.6
  
  find / -name python3
  

• 查看当前系统sqlite3版本（python3、python2均可）：

  [root@localhost test_project]# python3
  >>>import sqlite3
  >>>sqlite3.sqlite_version
  '3.7.15'
  >>>
  

  如果是3.7.x则无法在django中运行

安装sqlite3、nginx、python3.9.7、docker

• 创建文件夹存放安装包

  > pwd
  /root/
  > mkdir download
  > cd download
  > pwd
  /root/download/
  

• 提前准备安装包，稍后使用bash脚本自动执行

  sqlite:
  	wget https://www.sqlite.org/2021/sqlite-autoconf-3350100.tar.gz
  python3.9.7：
  	wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.7/Python-3.9.7.tar.xz
  nginx：
  	wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
  git：
  	wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.33.0.tar.gz --no-check-certificate
  

• vi init_app.sh。复制好之后删除注释内容，否则可能导致无法正常执行

  #!/bin/bash
  local_dir=$(pwd)   #此处所在位置/root/download
  #升级sqlite
  cd ${local_dir}
  tar -zxvf sqlite-autoconf-*
  yum groupinstall -y "Development Tools"
  yum install -y tcl
  cd ${local_dir}
  cd sqlite-autoconf-*
  ./configure
  make
  cp -v .libs/libsqlite3.so.0.8.6 /usr/local/lib64/
  echo "/usr/local/lib64" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/sqlite-x68_64.conf
  ldconfig
  
  #安装python 3.9.7
  yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel mysql-devel python3-devel
  mkdir /usr/local/python3
  cd ${local_dir}
  tar -xvJf Python-*
  cd Python-*
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
  make && make install
  ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
  ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
  pip3 install --upgrade pip
  pip3 install virtualenv
  echo PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/python3/bin >> /etc/profile  #>>追加写入 >覆盖写入
  source /etc/profile
  python3 -m pip install --upgrade setuptools
  
  # 步骤1: 创建 ".pip" 文件夹
  mkdir -p ~/.pip
  # 步骤2: 创建并写入内容到 ".pip/pip.ini" 文件
  echo "[global]" > ~/.pip/pip.ini
  echo "index-url=https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/" >> ~/.pip/pip.ini
  
  #安装nginx
  yum install -y gcc-c++ pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel
  cd ${local_dir}
  tar -zxvf nginx-*
  cd nginx-*
  ./configure
  make && make install
  ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/
  
  #安装docker
  yum install -y yum-utils
  yum-config-manager \
  --add-repo \
  https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
  yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
  systemctl start docker
  
  
  #安装git
  yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ zlib-devel perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker package curl-devel libcurl-devel
  tar -zxvf git-*
  cd git-*
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/git
  make
  make install
  echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/git/bin">>/etc/bashrc
  source /etc/bashrc
  

初始化mysql就手动操作吧

• 运行docker mysql

  docker pull mysql
  docker run --name mysql -p 8806:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=xxxx  -e MYSQL_USER=xxxxx -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=xxx -d mysql:latest
  

• 修改镜像源

  vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
  {"registry-mirrors": ["https://<id>.mirror.aliyuncs.com" ]}
  
  # 重启docker
  systemctl daemon-reload
  systemctl restart docker
  
  

• 创建数据库，并更新user用户权限,否则该用户无法登录(navicat)；需要修改认证方式使web访问(django。mysql8.0的认证方式与django不一致)

  docker ps   #找到运行的docker id
  docker exec -it 15e617373e87 /bin/bash
  mysql -u root -p
  > create database <database name>;
  > GRANT ALL ON <database name>.* TO '<username>'@'%';
  > alter user 'your user name'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'your password';
  > flush privileges;
  > exit;
  

新服务器初始化后不建议的设置

git config --global credential.helper store