07-商品详情页功能
一、商品详情页功能
1、viewsets实现商品详情页接口
商品详情页，需要加上mixins.RetrieveModelMixin，因为路由为/goods/id/，因此在之前商品列表页视图中继承详情页类。代码逻辑为：
class GoodsListViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet): """ 商品列表页 分页 搜索 过滤 排序 """ queryset = Goods.objects.all() serializer_class = GoodsSerializer pagination_class = GoodsSetPagination filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend,filters.SearchFilter,filters.OrderingFilter] #这是精确搜索过滤，我们需要的是模糊搜索 # filterset_fields = ['name', 'shop_price'] filter_class = GoodsFilter search_fields = ("name","goods_brief","goods_desc") ordering_fields = ("shop_price","sold_num","add_time")
goods/serializers.py中的逻辑为：
from rest_framework import serializers from .models import Goods,GoodsCategory,GoodsImage class GoodsImageSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = GoodsImage fields = ("image",) class GoodsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): """ 在这里可以利用新写的字段来覆盖已有字段 """ category = GoodsCategorySerializer() #在这里实例化外键的序列化器，就可以完成 images = GoodsImageSerializer(many=True) #名字一定要和related_name="images"中的名字一样 class Meta: model = Goods #指明model #fields = ['category', 'goods_sn', 'name', 'click_num','sold_num','fav_num','add_time'] #指明字段 fields = "__all__" #将全部字段显示出来
这样商品的详情页就完成啦。
2、热卖商品接口实现
数据的模型类中有is_hot这个字段，因此过滤商品的时候我们应该加上is_hot字段。前端的逻辑中，有这个is_hot的条件，因此在过滤器中加上过滤字段为：
import django_filters from django.db.models import Q from .models import Goods class GoodsFilter(django_filters.rest_framework.FilterSet): """ 商品过滤器 """ pricemin = django_filters.NumberFilter(field_name="shop_price",lookup_expr="gte") pricemax = django_filters.NumberFilter(field_name="shop_price", lookup_expr="lte") name = django_filters.CharFilter(field_name="name", lookup_expr="icontains") #这里过滤的字段要和前端传过来的字段一样 top_category = django_filters.NumberFilter(method="top_category_filter") def top_category_filter(self,queryset,name,value): return queryset.filter(Q(category_id=value)|Q(category__parent_category_id=value)|Q(category__parent_category__parent_category_id=value)) class Meta: model = Goods fields = ["pricemin","pricemax","name","top_category","is_hot"]
会发现数据没有热销的，因此我们需要去后台管理系统去修改几条数据展示。修改好之后，验证数据。结果出现热搜啦。
3、用户收藏接口实现
用户收藏，是用户操作的，因此需要到user_operation中的视图中操作：
user_operation/views.py:
from django.shortcuts import render from rest_framework import viewsets from rest_framework import mixins from .models import UserFav from .serializers import UserFavSerializer # Create your views here. #添加一条记录， 获取收藏商品列表的功能 删除一条记录 因此继承 class UserFavViewset(mixins.CreateModelMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet): """ 用户收藏功能 """ queryset = UserFav.objects.all() serializer_class = UserFavSerializer
user_operaton/serializers.py：
from rest_framework import serializers from rest_framework.validators import UniqueTogetherValidator from .models import UserFav class UserFavSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): """ 用户会收藏同一商品多次，因此这是不合理的 所以利用Django的model来实现这一合理操作(也可以下面自己配置) """ user = serializers.HiddenField( default=serializers.CurrentUserDefault() ) class Meta: model = UserFav validators = [ UniqueTogetherValidator( queryset=UserFav.objects.all(), fields=['user', 'goods'], message="已经收藏" ) ] fields = ("user","goods","id")
在user_operation/models.py的model---UserFav中的元类中定义联合索引去重：
class UserFav(models.Model): """ 用户收藏 """ user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用户",on_delete=models.CASCADE) goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品", help_text="商品id",on_delete=models.CASCADE) add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间") class Meta: verbose_name = '用户收藏' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name unique_together = ("user", "goods") #数据库联合索引的认证
完成了收藏功能，以及删除功能。
4、DRF的权限验证
因为上面的操作有一定的问题，任何一个人都可以删除数据库中的收藏，因此DRF官方文档中提供了权限认证
user_operation/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render from rest_framework import viewsets from rest_framework import mixins from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import JSONWebTokenAuthentication from rest_framework.authentication import SessionAuthentication from utils.permissions import IsOwnerOrReadOnly from .models import UserFav from .serializers import UserFavSerializer # Create your views here. #添加一条记录， 获取收藏商品列表的功能 删除一条记录 因此继承 class UserFavViewset(mixins.CreateModelMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet): """ 用户收藏功能 """ # queryset = UserFav.objects.all() #配置之后，必须登录才能获取相关操作 permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,IsOwnerOrReadOnly)
#因为项目是JWT认证，因此将认证放到具体的认证中，而不是全局设置中 authentication_classes = (JSONWebTokenAuthentication,SessionAuthentication) serializer_class = UserFavSerializer
lookup_field = "goods_id" #直接可以看商品id查询收藏的，就不用来找收藏的id啦
#我们只能获取当前用户的UserFav，因此我们要重载get_queryset方法
def get_queryset(self):
return UserFav.objects.filter(user=self.request.user)
utils/permissions.py:（DRF官网permissions提供的权限验证）
from rest_framework import permissions class IsOwnerOrReadOnly(permissions.BasePermission): """ Object-level permission to only allow owners of an object to edit it. Assumes the model instance has an `owner` attribute. """ def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj): # Read permissions are allowed to any request, # so we'll always allow GET, HEAD or OPTIONS requests. if request.method in permissions.SAFE_METHODS: return True # Instance must have an attribute named `owner`. return obj.user == request.user
MxShop/settings.py：
#配置用户认证,将JSONWebTokenAuthentication拿到具体用户操作认证，不然常规的商品列表页都不能访问 REST_FRAMEWORK = { 'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [ # 'rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication', 'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication', 'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication', 'rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication', ] }
整个用户的收藏以及取消收藏功能开发完成。
