Nginx与Apache的Rewrite规则的区别
Nginx与Apache的Rewrite规则的区别
1. Nginx Rewrite规则相关指令
Nginx Rewrite规则相关指令有if、rewrite、set、return、break等,其中rewrite是最关键的指令。一个简单的Nginx Rewrite规则语法如下:
rewrite ^/b/(.*)\.html /play.php?video=$1 break;
如果加上if语句,示例如下:
if (!-f $request_filename)
{ rewrite ^/img/(.*)$ /site/$host/images/$1 last; }
2. Nginx与Apache的Rewrite规则实例对比
简单的Nginx和Apache 重写规则区别不大,基本上能够完全兼容。
Apache Rewrite 规则:
RewriteRule ^/(mianshi|xianjing)/$ /zl/index.php?name=$1 [L]
RewriteRule ^/ceshi/$ /zl/ceshi.php [L]
RewriteRule ^/(mianshi)_([a-zA-Z]+)/$ /zl/index.php?name=$1_$2 [L] RewriteRule ^/pingce([0-9]*)/$ /zl/pingce.php?id=$1 [L]
Nginx Rewrite 规则:
rewrite ^/(mianshi|xianjing)/$ /zl/index.php?name=$1 last;
rewrite ^/ceshi/$ /zl/ceshi.php last;
rewrite ^/(mianshi)_([a-zA-Z]+)/$ /zl/index.php?name=$1_$2 last;
rewrite ^/pingce([0-9]*)/$ /zl/pingce.php?id=$1 last;
不难发现Apache的Rewrite规则改为Nginx的Rewrite规则挺简单的,如果改完规则,使用"nginx -t"命令检查发现nginx.conf配置文件有语法错误,那么可以尝试给条件加上引号。例如一下的Nginx Rewrite规则会报语法错误:
rewrite ^/([0-9]{5}).html$ /x.jsp?id=$1 last;加上引号就正确了:
rewrite “^/([0-9]{5}).html$” /x.jsp?id=$1 last;
Apache与Nginx的Rewrite规则在URL跳转时有细微的区别:
Apache Rewrite 规则:
RewriteRule ^/html/tagindex/([a-zA-Z]+)/.*$ /$1/ [R=301,L]
Nginx Rewrite 规则:
rewrite ^/html/tagindex/([a-zA-Z]+)/.*$ http://$host/$1/ permanent;
以上示例中,我们注意到,Nginx Rewrite 规则的置换串中增加了“http://$host”,这是在Nginx中要求的。
另外,Apache与Nginx的Rewrite规则在变量名称方面也有区别,例如:
Apache Rewrite 规则:
RewriteRule ^/user/login/$ /user/login.php?login=1&forward=http://%{HTTP_HOST} [L]
Nginx Rewrite 规则:
rewrite ^/user/login/$ /user/login.php?login=1&forward=http://$host last;
Apache与Nginx Rewrite 规则的一些功能相同或类似的指令、标记对应关系:
Apache的RewriteCond指令对应Nginx的if指令;
Apache的RewriteRule指令对应Nginx的rewrite指令;
Apache的[R]标记对应Nginx的redirect标记;
Apache的[P]标记对应Nginx的last标记;
Apache的[R,L]标记对应Nginx的redirect标记;
Apache的[P,L]标记对应Nginx的last标记;
Apache的[PT,L]标记对应Nginx的last标记;
允许指定的域名访问本站,其他域名一律跳转到http://www.aaa.com:
Apache Rewrite 规则:
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(.*?)\.domain\.com$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^qita\.domain\.com$ RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/market/%1/index.htm -f
RewriteRule ^/wu/$ /market/%1/index.htm [L]
Nginx的if指令不支持嵌套,也不支持AND、OR等多条件匹配,相比于Apache的RewriteCond,显得麻烦一些,但是,我们可以通过下一页的Nginx配置写法来实现这个示例:
Nginx Rewrite 规则:
if ($host ~* ^(.*?)\.domain\.com$)
{
set $var_wupin_city $1;
set $var_wupin ‘1′;
}
if ($host ~* ^qita\.domain\.com$)
{
set $var_wupin ‘0′;
}
if (!-f $document_root/market/$var_wupin_city/index.htm)
{
set $var_wupin ‘0′;
}
if($var_wupin ~ ‘1′)
{
rewrite ^/wu/$ /market/$var_wupin_city/index.htm last;
}
备注学习:
rewrite ^/serach/(.*).html http://www.xxx.com/search.action?keywords=$1 last;
访问http://www.xxx.com/search/mp3.html,浏览器url重定向为http://www.xxx.com/search.action?keywords=mp3