[Python] Python 学习 - 可视化数据操作（一）
Python 学习 - 可视化数据操作（一）
GitHub：https://github.com/liqingwen2015/my_data_view
目录
- 折线图
- 散点图
- 随机漫步
- 骰子点数概率
- 文件目录
折线图
cube_squares.py
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt x_values=list(range(1, 5000)) y_values=[pow(x, 3) for x in x_values] plt.scatter(x_values, y_values, c=y_values, cmap=plt.cm.Blues, edgecolor='none', s=40) # 设置标题和样式 plt.title("Square Numbers", fontsize=24) plt.xlabel("Value", fontsize=14) plt.ylabel("Square of Value", fontsize=14) # 设置刻度标记的大小 plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=14) plt.show()
mpl_squares.py
# 简单的折线图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt input_values=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ] squares = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25] # 绘制线条的粗细 plt.plot(input_values, squares, linewidth=5) # 设置图表标题，并给坐标轴加上标签 plt.title("Square Numbers", fontsize=24) plt.xlabel("Value", fontsize=14) plt.ylabel("Square of Value", fontsize=14) # 设置刻度标记的大小，axis='both' 表示指定的实参影响 x 轴和 y 轴上的刻度 plt.tick_params(axis='both', labelsize=14) plt.show()
散点图
scatter_squares.py
# 散点图 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt x_values = list(range(1, 1001)) y_values = [x**2 for x in x_values] # c：颜色 #plt.scatter(x_values, y_values, c='red', edgecolor='none', s=40) #plt.scatter(x_values, y_values, c=(0, 0, 8), edgecolor='none', s=40) plt.scatter(x_values, y_values, c=y_values, cmap=plt.cm.Blues, edgecolor='none', s=40) # 设置标题和样式 plt.title("Square Numbers", fontsize=24) plt.xlabel("Value", fontsize=14) plt.ylabel("Square of Value", fontsize=14) # 设置刻度标记的大小 plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=14) plt.show() # 保存图表 #plt.savefig('squared_plot.png', bbox_inches='tight')
随机漫步
random_walk.py
from random import choice class RandomWalk(): def __init__(self, num_points=5000): # 初始化随机漫步的属性 self.num_points = num_points # 所有随机漫步都始于(0, 0) self.x_values = [0] self.y_values = [0] def fill_walk(self): # 不断漫步，直到列表达到指定的长度 while len(self.x_values) < self.num_points: x_step = self.get_step(); y_step = self.get_step(); # 拒绝原地踏步 if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0: continue # 计算下一个点的 x 和 y 值 next_x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step next_y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step self.x_values.append(next_x) self.y_values.append(next_y) def get_step(self): # 决定前进方向以及沿这个方向前进的距离 direction = choice([1, -1]) # 随机选 1 或 -1 distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4]) # 随机选 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 return direction * distance # 正数：右移，负数：左移
rw_visual.py
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from 随机漫步.random_walk import RandomWalk while True: # 创建一个 RandomWalk 实例，并将其包含的点都绘制出来 rw = RandomWalk(5000) rw.fill_walk() point_numbers = list(range(rw.num_points)) plt.scatter(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, c=point_numbers, cmap=plt.cm.Blues, edgecolors='none', s=1) # 设置绘图窗口的尺寸 #plt.figure(dpi=128, figsize=(10, 6)) # 突出起点和终点 plt.scatter(0, 0, c='green', edgecolors='none', s=100) plt.scatter(rw.x_values[-1], rw.y_values[-1], c='red', edgecolors='none', s=100) #plt.plot(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, linewidth=10) # 隐藏坐标轴 plt.axes().get_xaxis().set_visible(False) plt.axes().get_yaxis().set_visible(False) plt.show() keep_running = input("继续？（y/n）：") if keep_running == 'n': break
骰子点数概率
die.py
from random import randint class Die(): # 表示一个骰子类 def __init__(self, num_sides=6): # 6 面 self.num_sides = num_sides def roll(self): # 返回 1~6 return randint(1, self.num_sides)
die_visual.py
import pygal from 骰子.die import Die # 创建一个 D6 die = Die() results = [] for roll_num in range(1000): result = die.roll() results.append(result) frequencies = [] for value in range(1, die.num_sides+1): # 计算某个值出现同样的次数 frequency = results.count(value) frequencies.append(frequency) # 对结果进行可视化 hist = pygal.Bar() hist.title = "D6 1000次：" hist.x_labels = [str(num) for num in range(1, 7)] #['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6'] hist.x_title = "结果" hist.y_title = "概率" hist.add('D6', frequencies) hist.render_to_file('images/die_visual.svg')
dice_visual.py
import pygal from 骰子.die import Die # 创建 2 个 D6 die_1 = Die() die_2 = Die() results = [] for roll_num in range(1000): result = die_1.roll() + die_2.roll() results.append(result) frequencies = [] max_results = die_1.num_sides + die_2.num_sides for value in range(2, max_results+1): # 计算某个值出现同样的次数 frequency = results.count(value) frequencies.append(frequency) # 对结果进行可视化 hist = pygal.Bar() hist.title = "D6 100次：" hist.x_labels = [str(num) for num in range(1, 13)] #['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12'] hist.x_title = "结果" hist.y_title = "出现的次数" hist.add('D6 + D6', frequencies) hist.render_to_file('images/dice_visual.svg')
different_dice.py
import pygal from 骰子.die import Die # 创建一个 D6 和 D10 die_1 = Die() die_2 = Die(10) results = [] for roll_num in range(5000): result = die_1.roll() + die_2.roll() results.append(result) frequencies = [] max_results = die_1.num_sides + die_2.num_sides for value in range(2, max_results+1): # 计算某个值出现同样的次数 frequency = results.count(value) frequencies.append(frequency) # 对结果进行可视化 hist = pygal.Bar() hist.title = "5000 次：D6 + D10 的结果。" hist.x_labels = [str(num) for num in range(2, 17)] hist.x_title = "结果" hist.y_title = "重复出现的次数" hist.add('D6 + D10', frequencies) hist.render_to_file('images/different_visual.svg')
文件目录
