Qt使用QJson进行Http请求时序列反序列对象

1. 创建工程

使用CMake创建工程

 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20 FATAL_ERROR)
 
project(httprequest LANGUAGES CXX)
 
set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)
 
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
 
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/bin")
set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/bin")
set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/lib")
 
set(QT_VERSION_STR_Win32 "5.15.2/msvc2019")
set(QT_VERSION_STR_Win64 "5.15.2/msvc2019_64")
 
if(CMAKE_HOST_WIN32)
  if(CMAKE_CL_64)
    set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH} "D:/Qt/${QT_VERSION_STR_Win64}")
    set(QT_QMAKE_EXECUTABLE "D:/Qt/${QT_VERSION_STR_Win64}/bin/qmake.exe")
  else()
    set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH} "D:/Qt/${QT_VERSION_STR_Win32}")
    set(QT_QMAKE_EXECUTABLE "D:/Qt/${QT_VERSION_STR_Win32}/bin/qmake.exe")
  endif()
endif()
 
set(EXPAN_MACRO OFF)
if(EXPAN_MACRO)
  if(MSVC)
    add_compile_options(/P /EP)
  endif(MSVC)
endif()
 
add_executable(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} "")
# add_executable(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} WIN32 "")
 
file(GLOB srcs CMAKE_CONFIGURE_DEPENDS *.cpp)
file(GLOB headers CMAKE_CONFIGURE_DEPENDS *.h)
file(GLOB forms CMAKE_CONFIGURE_DEPENDS *.ui)
file(GLOB resources CMAKE_CONFIGURE_DEPENDS *.qrc)
 
target_sources(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${srcs} ${forms} ${resources})
target_include_directories(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${headers})
 
find_package(Qt5 COMPONENTS Core Widgets Network REQUIRED)
 
target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}
	PRIVATE 
  Qt5::Core Qt5::Widgets Qt5::Network
)

引入QJson

 add_subdirectory(qjson)
find_package(Qt5 COMPONENTS Core Widgets Network REQUIRED)
 
target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}
  PRIVATE 
  Qt5::Core Qt5::Widgets Qt5::Network
  qjson-qt5
)

创建相应的头、源文件

 .
├── [1.7K]  CMakeLists.txt
├── [ 26K]  CMakeLists.txt.user
├── [4.0K]  build
│   ├── [ 27K]  ALL_BUILD.vcxproj
│   ├── [ 290]  ALL_BUILD.vcxproj.filters
│   ├── [ 18K]  CMakeCache.txt
│   ├── [4.0K]  CMakeFiles
│   ├── [4.0K]  Debug
│   ├── [ 10K]  INSTALL.vcxproj
│   ├── [ 532]  INSTALL.vcxproj.filters
│   ├── [ 19K]  UpgradeLog.htm
│   ├── [ 29K]  ZERO_CHECK.vcxproj
│   ├── [ 533]  ZERO_CHECK.vcxproj.filters
│   ├── [4.0K]  bin
│   ├── [1.6K]  cmake_install.cmake
│   ├── [4.0K]  httprequest.dir
│   ├── [5.9K]  httprequest.sln
│   ├── [ 57K]  httprequest.vcxproj
│   ├── [3.2K]  httprequest.vcxproj.filters
│   ├── [4.0K]  httprequest_autogen
│   ├── [4.0K]  lib
│   ├── [4.0K]  qjson
│   └── [4.0K]  win32
├── [ 102]  cncposition.cpp
├── [3.9K]  cncposition.h
├── [ 209]  main.cpp
├── [2.5K]  mainwindow.cpp
├── [ 319]  mainwindow.h
├── [1.2K]  mainwindow.ui
└── [4.0K]  qjson
    ├── [6.4K]  CMakeLists.txt
    ├── [ 26K]  COPYING.lib
    ├── [3.8K]  ChangeLog
    ├── [ 195]  QJSONConfig.cmake.in
    ├── [ 477]  QJSONConfigVersion.cmake.in
    ├── [ 390]  QJson.pc.in
    ├── [3.1K]  README.license
    ├── [3.4K]  README.md
    ├── [4.0K]  build
    ├── [ 750]  cmake_uninstall.cmake.in
    ├── [4.0K]  doc
    ├── [4.0K]  include
    ├── [4.0K]  src
    └── [4.0K]  tests

3. 定义有动态列表的对象模型

cncposition.h

 #ifndef CNCPOSITION_H
#define CNCPOSITION_H
 
#include <QObject>
#include <QVector>
#include <QList>
#include <QStringList>
#include <QVariantList>
#include <QDebug>
 
class CncPosition : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
 
    // Q_PROPERTY(int code READ code WRITE setCode)
    // Q_PROPERTY(QString message READ message WRITE setMessage)
 
    Q_PROPERTY(QStringList axis READ axis WRITE setAxis)
    Q_PROPERTY(QStringList units READ units WRITE setUnits)
    Q_PROPERTY(QVariant absoluteCoords READ absoluteCoords WRITE setAbsoluteCoords)
    Q_PROPERTY(QVariant relativeCoords READ relativeCoords WRITE setRelativeCoords)
    Q_PROPERTY(QVariant machineCoords READ machineCoords WRITE setMachineCoords)
    Q_PROPERTY(QVariant distances READ distances WRITE setDistances)
 
public:
    explicit CncPosition(QObject *parent = nullptr);
 
    // int code() const { return _code; }
    // void setCode(int code) { _code = code; }
 
    // QString message() const { return _message; }
    // void setMessage(QString &message) { _message = message; }
 
    QStringList axis() const { return _axis; }
    void setAxis(const QStringList &axis)
    {
        // qDebug() << axis;
        _axis = axis;
    }
 
    QStringList units() const { return _units; }
    void setUnits(const QStringList &units)
    {
        // qDebug() << units;
        _units = units;
    }
 
private:
    QVariant absoluteCoords() const { return QVariant::fromValue(_absoluteCoords); }
    QVariant relativeCoords() const { return QVariant::fromValue(_relativeCoords); }
    QVariant machineCoords() const { return QVariant::fromValue(_machineCoords); }
    QVariant distances() const { return QVariant::fromValue(_distances); }
 
public:
    QList<double> getAbsoluteCoords() const { return _absoluteCoords; }
    void setAbsoluteCoords(const QVariant &absoluteCoords)
    {
        _absoluteCoords.clear();
        for (auto var: absoluteCoords.toList()) {
            _absoluteCoords.append(var.toDouble());
        }
    }
 
    QList<double> getRelativeCoords() const { return _relativeCoords; }
    void setRelativeCoords(const QVariant &relativeCoords)
    {
        _relativeCoords.clear();
        for (auto var : relativeCoords.toList()) {
            _relativeCoords.append(var.toDouble());
        }
    }
 
    QList<double> getMachineCoords() const {return _machineCoords;}
    void setMachineCoords(const QVariant &machineCoords)
    {
        _machineCoords.clear();
        for (auto var : machineCoords.toList()) {
            _machineCoords.append(var.toDouble());
        }
    }
 
    QList<double> getDistences() const {return _distances;}
    void setDistances(const QVariant &distances)
    {
        _distances.clear();
        for (auto var : distances.toList()) {
            _distances.append(var.toDouble());
        }
    }
 
public:
    friend QDebug operator<<(QDebug dbg, const CncPosition &p)
    {
        // dbg.nospace() << "code:" << p.code() << "message:" << p.message()
        //               << "Axis:" << p.Axis() << "Units:" << p.Units() << "AbsoluteCoords:" << p.AbsoluteCoords()
        //               << "RelativeCoords:" << p.RelativeCoords() << "MachineCoords:" << p.MachineCoords()
        //               << "Distances:" << p.Distances();
 
        // dbg << "code:" << p.code() << "message:" << p.message()
        dbg << "Axis:" << p.axis() << "Units:" << p.units() << "AbsoluteCoords:" << p.getAbsoluteCoords()
            << "RelativeCoords:" << p.getRelativeCoords() << "MachineCoords:" << p.getMachineCoords()
            << "Distances:" << p.getDistences();
 
        return dbg;
    }
 
signals:
 
private:
    // int _code;
    // QString _message;
    QStringList _axis;
    QStringList _units;
    QList<double> _absoluteCoords;
    QList<double> _relativeCoords;
    QList<double> _machineCoords;
    QList<double> _distances;
};
 
#endif // CNCPOSITION_H

4. 运行验证

在mainwindow这个Widget中定义了一个PushButtton和一个用于显示请求到的application/json;charset=utf-8的Content-Type, 下面时验证代码，将QNetworkAccessManager使用同步的方式取结果

 MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent),
                                          ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
 
    connect(ui->pushButton, &QPushButton::clicked, this, [=]
            {
 
        std::unique_ptr<QNetworkAccessManager> manager = std::make_unique<QNetworkAccessManager>(new QNetworkAccessManager());
        QUrlQuery urlQuery;
        urlQuery.addQueryItem("fcode", "CNC_POSITION");
        QUrl url("http://127.0.0.1:9001/das/services/pull?" + urlQuery.query(QUrl::FullyDecoded));
        QNetworkRequest request(url);
        request.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::KnownHeaders::ContentTypeHeader, "application/json;charset=utf-8");
 
        QNetworkReply *reply = manager->get(request);
        QEventLoop eloop;
        QObject::connect(reply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eloop, &QEventLoop::quit);
        eloop.exec(QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents);
 
        auto jstr = reply->readAll();
 
        // QString text = "{\"axis\":[\"X\",\"Y\",\"Z\",\"A\",\"U\"],\"units\":[\"mm\",\"mm\",\"mm\",\"ang\",\"mm\"],\"absoluteCoords\":[33,-768,98.7,99,0],\"relativeCoords\":[33,-768,98.7,99,0],\"machineCoords\":[33,-768,98.7,99,0],\"distances\":[0,0,0,0,0]}";
 
        QJson::Parser parser;
        parser.specialNumbersAllowed();
        bool ok = false;
        auto variant = parser.parse(jstr, &ok);
        // auto variant = parser.parse(text.toUtf8(), &ok);
        if (!ok)
        {
            qWarning() << parser.errorString();
            return;
        }
 
        // 返回值检查
        auto map = variant.toMap();
        int code = map["code"].toInt();
        if (code != 0)
        {
            qWarning() << map["message"].toString();
            return;
        }
 
        // 反序列化到对象实列
        CncPosition position;
        QJson::QObjectHelper::qvariant2qobject(map["data"].toMap(), &position);
 
        qDebug() << position;
 
        ui->textEdit->setText(jstr);
        reply->deleteLater(); });
}

后端返回的Json内容如下

 {"code":0,"message":"成功","data":{"axis":["X","Y","Z","A","U"],"units":["mm","mm","mm","ang","mm"],"absoluteCoords":[33,-768,98.7,99,0],"relativeCoords":[33,-768,98.7,99,0],"machineCoords":[33,-768,98.7,99,0],"distances":[0,0,0,0,0]}}

最终执行程序验证，通过cncpostion类中重载的<<操作符，输出结果

 Axis: ("X", "Y", "Z", "A", "U") Units: ("mm", "mm", "mm", "ang", "mm") AbsoluteCoords: (33, -768, 98.7, 99, 0) RelativeCoords: (33, -768, 98.7, 99, 0) MachineCoords: (33, -768, 98.7, 99, 0) Distances: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

5. 结论

QJson来进行对象的序列、反序列化非常的方便，提高了程序的可读性与开发效率
服务端序列化Key值使用小驼峰方式，二者之间必须明确协议，服务端能够兼容到不区分大小写的Key值，通过实际使用中发现QJson对Key值大小写敏感，否则QJson::QObjectHelper::qvariant2qobject会失败
能注意到cncpostion中Q_PROPERTY的部分的操作类型必须保持一致，否则Qt Moc(Meta-Object Compiler)会出错，但是Moc并不会限制READ、WRITE部分的访问权限，猜测是做的模板生成与字符方面的处理，这样可以让需要序列、反序列部分使用QJson解析支持的QVariant, 然后公开出去的Get属性返回最终的使用类型。

posted @ 2022-10-26 10:50 非法关键字阅读(58) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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Qt使用QJson进行Http请求时序列反序列对象

1. 创建工程

3. 定义有动态列表的对象模型

4. 运行验证

5. 结论

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	cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20 FATAL_ERROR)

	project(httprequest LANGUAGES CXX)

	set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)
	set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
	set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)

	set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
	set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
	set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

	set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/bin")
	set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/bin")
	set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/lib")

	set(QT_VERSION_STR_Win32 "5.15.2/msvc2019")
	set(QT_VERSION_STR_Win64 "5.15.2/msvc2019_64")

	if(CMAKE_HOST_WIN32)
	if(CMAKE_CL_64)
	set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH} "D:/Qt/${QT_VERSION_STR_Win64}")
	set(QT_QMAKE_EXECUTABLE "D:/Qt/${QT_VERSION_STR_Win64}/bin/qmake.exe")
	else()
	set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH} "D:/Qt/${QT_VERSION_STR_Win32}")
	set(QT_QMAKE_EXECUTABLE "D:/Qt/${QT_VERSION_STR_Win32}/bin/qmake.exe")
	endif()
	endif()

	set(EXPAN_MACRO OFF)
	if(EXPAN_MACRO)
	if(MSVC)
	add_compile_options(/P /EP)
	endif(MSVC)
	endif()

	add_executable(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} "")
	# add_executable(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} WIN32 "")

	file(GLOB srcs CMAKE_CONFIGURE_DEPENDS *.cpp)
	file(GLOB headers CMAKE_CONFIGURE_DEPENDS *.h)
	file(GLOB forms CMAKE_CONFIGURE_DEPENDS *.ui)
	file(GLOB resources CMAKE_CONFIGURE_DEPENDS *.qrc)

	target_sources(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${srcs} ${forms} ${resources})
	target_include_directories(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${headers})

	find_package(Qt5 COMPONENTS Core Widgets Network REQUIRED)

	target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}
	PRIVATE
	Qt5::Core Qt5::Widgets Qt5::Network
	)

	add_subdirectory(qjson)
	find_package(Qt5 COMPONENTS Core Widgets Network REQUIRED)

	target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}
	PRIVATE
	Qt5::Core Qt5::Widgets Qt5::Network
	qjson-qt5
	)

	.
	├── [1.7K] CMakeLists.txt
	├── [ 26K] CMakeLists.txt.user
	├── [4.0K] build
	│ ├── [ 27K] ALL_BUILD.vcxproj
	│ ├── [ 290] ALL_BUILD.vcxproj.filters
	│ ├── [ 18K] CMakeCache.txt
	│ ├── [4.0K] CMakeFiles
	│ ├── [4.0K] Debug
	│ ├── [ 10K] INSTALL.vcxproj
	│ ├── [ 532] INSTALL.vcxproj.filters
	│ ├── [ 19K] UpgradeLog.htm
	│ ├── [ 29K] ZERO_CHECK.vcxproj
	│ ├── [ 533] ZERO_CHECK.vcxproj.filters
	│ ├── [4.0K] bin
	│ ├── [1.6K] cmake_install.cmake
	│ ├── [4.0K] httprequest.dir
	│ ├── [5.9K] httprequest.sln
	│ ├── [ 57K] httprequest.vcxproj
	│ ├── [3.2K] httprequest.vcxproj.filters
	│ ├── [4.0K] httprequest_autogen
	│ ├── [4.0K] lib
	│ ├── [4.0K] qjson
	│ └── [4.0K] win32
	├── [ 102] cncposition.cpp
	├── [3.9K] cncposition.h
	├── [ 209] main.cpp
	├── [2.5K] mainwindow.cpp
	├── [ 319] mainwindow.h
	├── [1.2K] mainwindow.ui
	└── [4.0K] qjson
	├── [6.4K] CMakeLists.txt
	├── [ 26K] COPYING.lib
	├── [3.8K] ChangeLog
	├── [ 195] QJSONConfig.cmake.in
	├── [ 477] QJSONConfigVersion.cmake.in
	├── [ 390] QJson.pc.in
	├── [3.1K] README.license
	├── [3.4K] README.md
	├── [4.0K] build
	├── [ 750] cmake_uninstall.cmake.in
	├── [4.0K] doc
	├── [4.0K] include
	├── [4.0K] src
	└── [4.0K] tests

	#ifndef CNCPOSITION_H
	#define CNCPOSITION_H

	#include <QObject>
	#include <QVector>
	#include <QList>
	#include <QStringList>
	#include <QVariantList>
	#include <QDebug>

	class CncPosition : public QObject
	{
	Q_OBJECT

	// Q_PROPERTY(int code READ code WRITE setCode)
	// Q_PROPERTY(QString message READ message WRITE setMessage)

	Q_PROPERTY(QStringList axis READ axis WRITE setAxis)
	Q_PROPERTY(QStringList units READ units WRITE setUnits)
	Q_PROPERTY(QVariant absoluteCoords READ absoluteCoords WRITE setAbsoluteCoords)
	Q_PROPERTY(QVariant relativeCoords READ relativeCoords WRITE setRelativeCoords)
	Q_PROPERTY(QVariant machineCoords READ machineCoords WRITE setMachineCoords)
	Q_PROPERTY(QVariant distances READ distances WRITE setDistances)

	public:
	explicit CncPosition(QObject *parent = nullptr);

	// int code() const { return _code; }
	// void setCode(int code) { _code = code; }

	// QString message() const { return _message; }
	// void setMessage(QString &message) { _message = message; }

	QStringList axis() const { return _axis; }
	void setAxis(const QStringList &axis)
	{
	// qDebug() << axis;
	_axis = axis;
	}

	QStringList units() const { return _units; }
	void setUnits(const QStringList &units)
	{
	// qDebug() << units;
	_units = units;
	}

	private:
	QVariant absoluteCoords() const { return QVariant::fromValue(_absoluteCoords); }
	QVariant relativeCoords() const { return QVariant::fromValue(_relativeCoords); }
	QVariant machineCoords() const { return QVariant::fromValue(_machineCoords); }
	QVariant distances() const { return QVariant::fromValue(_distances); }

	public:
	QList<double> getAbsoluteCoords() const { return _absoluteCoords; }
	void setAbsoluteCoords(const QVariant &absoluteCoords)
	{
	_absoluteCoords.clear();
	for (auto var: absoluteCoords.toList()) {
	_absoluteCoords.append(var.toDouble());
	}
	}

	QList<double> getRelativeCoords() const { return _relativeCoords; }
	void setRelativeCoords(const QVariant &relativeCoords)
	{
	_relativeCoords.clear();
	for (auto var : relativeCoords.toList()) {
	_relativeCoords.append(var.toDouble());
	}
	}

	QList<double> getMachineCoords() const {return _machineCoords;}
	void setMachineCoords(const QVariant &machineCoords)
	{
	_machineCoords.clear();
	for (auto var : machineCoords.toList()) {
	_machineCoords.append(var.toDouble());
	}
	}

	QList<double> getDistences() const {return _distances;}
	void setDistances(const QVariant &distances)
	{
	_distances.clear();
	for (auto var : distances.toList()) {
	_distances.append(var.toDouble());
	}
	}

	public:
	friend QDebug operator<<(QDebug dbg, const CncPosition &p)
	{
	// dbg.nospace() << "code:" << p.code() << "message:" << p.message()
	// << "Axis:" << p.Axis() << "Units:" << p.Units() << "AbsoluteCoords:" << p.AbsoluteCoords()
	// << "RelativeCoords:" << p.RelativeCoords() << "MachineCoords:" << p.MachineCoords()
	// << "Distances:" << p.Distances();

	// dbg << "code:" << p.code() << "message:" << p.message()
	dbg << "Axis:" << p.axis() << "Units:" << p.units() << "AbsoluteCoords:" << p.getAbsoluteCoords()
	<< "RelativeCoords:" << p.getRelativeCoords() << "MachineCoords:" << p.getMachineCoords()
	<< "Distances:" << p.getDistences();

	return dbg;
	}

	signals:

	private:
	// int _code;
	// QString _message;
	QStringList _axis;
	QStringList _units;
	QList<double> _absoluteCoords;
	QList<double> _relativeCoords;
	QList<double> _machineCoords;
	QList<double> _distances;
	};

	#endif // CNCPOSITION_H

	MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent),
	ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
	{
	ui->setupUi(this);

	connect(ui->pushButton, &QPushButton::clicked, this, [=]
	{

	std::unique_ptr<QNetworkAccessManager> manager = std::make_unique<QNetworkAccessManager>(new QNetworkAccessManager());
	QUrlQuery urlQuery;
	urlQuery.addQueryItem("fcode", "CNC_POSITION");
	QUrl url("http://127.0.0.1:9001/das/services/pull?" + urlQuery.query(QUrl::FullyDecoded));
	QNetworkRequest request(url);
	request.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::KnownHeaders::ContentTypeHeader, "application/json;charset=utf-8");

	QNetworkReply *reply = manager->get(request);
	QEventLoop eloop;
	QObject::connect(reply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eloop, &QEventLoop::quit);
	eloop.exec(QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents);

	auto jstr = reply->readAll();

	// QString text = "{\"axis\":[\"X\",\"Y\",\"Z\",\"A\",\"U\"],\"units\":[\"mm\",\"mm\",\"mm\",\"ang\",\"mm\"],\"absoluteCoords\":[33,-768,98.7,99,0],\"relativeCoords\":[33,-768,98.7,99,0],\"machineCoords\":[33,-768,98.7,99,0],\"distances\":[0,0,0,0,0]}";

	QJson::Parser parser;
	parser.specialNumbersAllowed();
	bool ok = false;
	auto variant = parser.parse(jstr, &ok);
	// auto variant = parser.parse(text.toUtf8(), &ok);
	if (!ok)
	{
	qWarning() << parser.errorString();
	return;
	}

	// 返回值检查
	auto map = variant.toMap();
	int code = map["code"].toInt();
	if (code != 0)
	{
	qWarning() << map["message"].toString();
	return;
	}

	// 反序列化到对象实列
	CncPosition position;
	QJson::QObjectHelper::qvariant2qobject(map["data"].toMap(), &position);

	qDebug() << position;

	ui->textEdit->setText(jstr);
	reply->deleteLater(); });
	}