VMware虚拟机下为Ubuntu添加磁盘

20G的磁盘还是不够用啊，正好复习下磁盘分区和逻辑卷。

关闭虚拟机，打开VMware，右键虚拟机点击设置，点下下方的添加，就可以添加磁盘了。

进入虚拟机，查看：

root@ubuntu:/# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe0f58c4a

Device     Boot    Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *        2048 39845887 39843840   19G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       39847934 41940991  2093058 1022M  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       39847936 41940991  2093056 1022M 82 Linux swap / Solaris


Disk /dev/sdb: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

新的磁盘/dev/sdb已添加。

创建分区

创建一个5G分区：

root@ubuntu:/# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 3
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): 
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +5G

Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux' and of size 5 GiB.

格式修改为8e(逻辑卷必须)：

Command (m for help): t

Selected partition 3
Partition type (type L to list all types): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x1df1b6c7

Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb3        2048 10487807 10485760   5G 8e Linux LVM

保存：

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

创建物理卷PV

root@ubuntu:/# pvcreate /dev/sdb3
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created
root@ubuntu:/# pvdisplay
  "/dev/sdb3" is a new physical volume of "5.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb3
  VG Name               
  PV Size               5.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               2rydZg-wXnl-vBlo-EhZ7-T2YC-CRoc-Gw3NyP
   
root@ubuntu:/# pvs
  PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize PFree
  /dev/sdb3       lvm2 ---  5.00g 5.00g

创建卷组VG

root@ubuntu:/# vgcreate vgvg /dev/sdb3
  Volume group "vgvg" successfully created
root@ubuntu:/# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vgvg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               5.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1279
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       1279 / 5.00 GiB
  VG UUID               t9Ehku-ALdl-FCjl-sakI-sqDe-vx4H-lLqmIz
   
root@ubuntu:/# vgs
  VG   #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize VFree
  vgvg   1   0   0 wz--n- 5.00g 5.00g

创建逻辑卷LV

root@ubuntu:/# lvcreate -L 4G -n lvlv vgvg
  Logical volume "lvlv" created.
root@ubuntu:/# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vgvg/lvlv
  LV Name                lvlv
  VG Name                vgvg
  LV UUID                nP2sGc-KGyU-zJZ1-IFk7-aMjC-39tm-sdgkue
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time ubuntu, 2018-01-06 10:20:19 -0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                4.00 GiB
  Current LE             1024
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0
   
root@ubuntu:/# lvs
  LV   VG   Attr       LSize Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  lvlv vgvg -wi-a----- 4.00g 

格式化并且挂载

root@ubuntu:/# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vgvg/lvlv
mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Creating filesystem with 1048576 4k blocks and 262144 inodes
Filesystem UUID: fcffe231-a2b5-429c-b95c-1884cef6cfeb
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

root@ubuntu:/# mkdir /lvmdata
root@ubuntu:/# mount /dev/vgvg/lvlv /lvmdata

快照卷命令：

lvcreate
            -s ：指定快照卷；
            -p r：限定快照卷为只读；
格式： lvcreate -L SIZE-s -p r -n LV_NAME /path/to/lv

创建快照卷：

lvcreate -L 100M -s -p r -n lvm-snap /dev/vgvg/lvlv

挂载：

mount -o ro /dev/vgvg/lvm-snap  /media/

删除：

umount /media/
lvremove /dev/vgvg/lvm-snap

要恢复快照的话，首先卸载：

umount /lvmdata/

然后使用快照恢复：

root@ubuntu:~# lvconvert --merge /dev/vgvg/lvm-snap
  Merging of volume lvm-snap started.
  lvlv: Merged: 100.0%
  lvlv: Merged: 100.0%

再挂载即可：

root@ubuntu:~# mount /dev/vgvg/lvlv /lvmdata/

内容已恢复快照内容。