Nginx+uWSGI或fastcgi部署Django项目
nginx+uWSGI
ubuntu下先安装下C编译器和Python环境:
sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev
使用pip安装uWSGI:
pip install uwsgi
nginx配置:
可以单独为站点设置一个配置文件:
sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/mysite
或者直接在nginx.conf中设置:
sudo vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
设置:
server { listen 80; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied #listen [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6 server_name 站点域名; location / { uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8080; include uwsgi_params; } #设置该网站应用中所需要的静态文件的根目录,需要将admin和用到的第三方库像restframework的静态文件都放到此目录中 location ~/static/ { root /home/user/mysite/; #项目地址 # root html; # index index.html index.htm; break; } #设置媒体文件的根目录 location ~/media/ { root /home/user/mysite/; # root html; # index index.html index.htm; break; } }
自己电脑上搭建localhost服务器时,注意别被/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default中的配置覆盖掉了,最好将其注释掉。
然后设置uWSGI,建立文件myfile.ini:
[uwsgi] socket = 127.0.0.1:8080 #与nginx配置中的uwsgi_pass相同 chdir = /home/user/mysite/ #项目地址 wsgi-file = mysite/wsgi.py processes = 4 threads = 2 pidfile=/tmp/project-master.pid stats = 127.0.0.1:9191 virtualenv = <path to env> #virtualenv
其中wsgi-file是django(1.4版本以上)项目自动建立的文件,里面内容为:
import os os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "weixian.settings") from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application application = get_wsgi_application()
如果django版本过低无此文件的话,可以自己建立,或者在myfile.ini中设置env,module,pythonpath:
[uwsgi] socket = 127.0.0.1:8080 chdir = /home/user/mysite/ pythonpath = .. env = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings module = django.core.handlers.wsgi:WSGIHandler() processes = 4 threads = 2 stats = 127.0.0.1:9191
virtualenv = <path to env>
按配置重启nginx:
/usr/sbin/nginx -s reload
或者:
killall -9 nginx nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
启动uWSGI:
uwsgi myfile.ini
重启uWSGI:
# using kill to send the signal kill -HUP `cat /tmp/project-master.pid` # or the convenience option --reload uwsgi --reload /tmp/project-master.pid # or if uwsgi was started with touch-reload=/tmp/somefile touch /tmp/somefile
ini文件也可以用xml文件来设置。
添加xml支持:
sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev
配置myfile.xml
<uwsgi> <socket>127.0.0.1:8080</socket> <chdir>/home/user/mysite/</chdir> <module>mysite/wsgi</module> </uwsgi>
启动:
uwsgi -x myfile.xml
nginx+fastcgi
fastcgi需要安装flup:
wget http://www.saddi.com/software/flup/dist/flup-1.0.2.tar.gz tar zxvf flup-1.0.2.tar.gz cd flup-1.0.2 python setup.py install
或者:
sudo apt-get install python-flup
nginx配置:
server { listen 80; server_name localhost; #设置该网站应用中所需要的静态文件的根目录 location ~/static/ { root /home/user/mysite/; # root html; # index index.html index.htm; break; } #设置媒体的根目录 location ~/media/ { root /home/user/mysite/; # root html; # index index.html index.htm; break; } #host and port to fastcgi server location / { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8080; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param pass_header Authorization; fastcgi_intercept_errors off; } #设置浏览器缓存这些图片格式文件浏览器缓存时间是30天,css/js缓存时间1小时 location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ { expires 30d; } location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ { expires 1h; } }
重启nginx,然后启动fcgi:
python manage.py runfcgi host=127.0.0.1 port=8080 method=prefork --settings=mysite.settings #采用静态进程池的话性能会比动态线程生成高2倍左右
ok。
要更新django项目的话,
ps -ef |grep fcgi
找出主进程号kill掉,再重启fcgi即可。
也可以写个重启脚本。使用pidfile选项将fcgi的pid存储到文件中,重启时读取kill掉。
#!/bin/bash PROJDIR="/home/user/myproject" PIDFILE="$PROJDIR/mysite.pid" cd $PROJDIR if [ -f $PIDFILE ]; then kill `cat -- $PIDFILE` rm -f -- $PIDFILE fi exec python manage.py runfcgi host=127.0.0.1 port=8080 method=prefork pidfile=$PIDFILE --settings=mysite.settings