在Linux上安装Chef工作站
| 导读 | Chef是一个IT基础设施自动化软件，它可以管理你组织中所有的服务器和网络设备。当我们想与Chef服务器、任何物理节点（服务器、网络设备等）的基础设施进行交互时，我们需要一个Chef工作站。本教程解释如何安装和配置Linux服务器上Chef工作站。 |
下载 ChefDK
ChefDK是Chef Development Kit的缩写，它几乎用于所有的平台，包括基于Debian发行版、Ubuntu、RedHat、CentOS、Mac OS X和Windows。当前ChefDK的稳定版本是0.11.2，对于基于RHEL的系统，它可用于版本 6 和 7(如： CentOS 6 和 CentOS 7)，RPM版本只有64位版本。
使用以下命令下载ChefDK
在CentOS 7上
cd ~ wget https://packages.chef.io/stable/el/7/chefdk-0.11.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
在CentOS 6上
cd ~ wget https://packages.chef.io/stable/el/6/chefdk-0.11.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
安装 ChefDK
使用RPM安装刚刚下载的ChefDK
# rpm -ivh chefdk-0.11.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:chefdk-0.11.2-1.el7 ################################# [100%] Thank you for installing Chef Development Kit!
ChefDK默认安装到/opt/chefdk目录下，如下所示
# ls -l /opt/chefdk/ drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar 3 13:50 bin drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 62 Mar 3 13:50 embedded -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13249 Feb 22 14:26 version-manifest.json -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8233 Feb 22 14:26 version-manifest.txt
验证ChefDK的安装
执行chef verify，验证所有来自ChefDK的不同组件，确保他们都工作正常，没有任何问题
# chef verify Running verification for component 'berkshelf' Running verification for component 'test-kitchen' Running verification for component 'tk-policyfile-provisioner' Running verification for component 'chef-client' Running verification for component 'chef-dk' Running verification for component 'chef-provisioning' Running verification for component 'chefspec' Running verification for component 'generated-cookbooks-pass-chefspec' Running verification for component 'rubocop' Running verification for component 'fauxhai' Running verification for component 'knife-spork' Running verification for component 'kitchen-vagrant' Running verification for component 'package installation' Running verification for component 'openssl' Running verification for component 'inspec' ....... --------------------------------------------- Verification of component 'test-kitchen' succeeded. Verification of component 'chef-dk' succeeded. Verification of component 'chefspec' succeeded. Verification of component 'rubocop' succeeded. Verification of component 'knife-spork' succeeded. Verification of component 'openssl' succeeded. Verification of component 'berkshelf' succeeded. Verification of component 'chef-client' succeeded. Verification of component 'fauxhai' succeeded. Verification of component 'inspec' succeeded. Verification of component 'tk-policyfile-provisioner' succeeded. Verification of component 'kitchen-vagrant' succeeded. Verification of component 'chef-provisioning' succeeded. Verification of component 'package installation' succeeded. Verification of component 'generated-cookbooks-pass-chefspec' succeeded.
下面是chef verify失败的案例。注意：Ruby在Chef中是必须的，它被嵌入在了ChefDK中。
# chef verify .. /opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/mixlib-shellout-2.2.6/lib/mixlib/shellout.rb:289:in `invalid!': Expected process to exit with [0], but received '1' (Mixlib::ShellOut::ShellCommandFailed) ---- Begin output of /usr/bin/ohai -v ---- STDOUT: STDERR: /opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/dependency.rb:319:in `to_specs': Could not find 'chef-config' (= 12.8.0) - did find: [chef-config-12.7.2] (Gem::LoadError)
以上错误信息显示：“Could not find ‘chef-config’ (= 12.8.0) – did find: [chef-config-12.7.2] (Gem::LoadError)”，在安装的ChefDK中chef-config的版本是12.7.2的旧版本，在手动安装chef-confg 12.8.0版本后再执行chef verify，显示验证成功。
验证ChefDK版本
执行 chef -version命令，显示ChefDK的版本号以及所有附带组件
# chef --version Chef Development Kit Version: 0.11.2 chef-client version: 12.7.2 berks version: 4.2.0 kitchen version: 1.5.0
设置Chef 环境变量
设置Chef相关的环境变量，如：GEM_ROOT GEM_HOME GEM_PATH。
export GEM_ROOT="/opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0" export GEM_HOME="/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0" export GEM_PATH="/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0:/opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0"
此外，如果你的系统上已经安装了ruby，你需要更新与ruby相关的PATH变量，如下所示
export PATH="/opt/chefdk/bin:/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0/bin:/opt/chefdk/embedded/bin:/opt/chefdk/bin:/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0/bin:/opt/chefdk/embedded/bin:/opt/chefdk/bin:/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0/bin:/opt/chefdk/embedded/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"
显示所有Chef设置的环境变量。
chef shell-init bash
想要快速设置这些环境变量，可以将其添加到bash_profile文件中，如下所示。
echo 'eval "$(chef shell-init bash)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
访问Chef的Firewalld规则
为了访问Chef服务器上的Chef Manage GUI，添加以下firewalld规则，开放Chef服务器上的相应端口。
firewall-cmd --direct --add-rule ipv4 \ filter INPUT_direct 0 -i eth0 -p tcp \ --dport 443 -j ACCEPT firewall-cmd --direct --add-rule ipv4 \ filter INPUT_direct 0 -i eth0 -p tcp \ --dport 80 -j ACCEPT firewall-cmd --direct --add-rule ipv4 \ filter INPUT_direct 0 -i eth0 -p tcp \ --dport 9683 -j ACCEPT firewall-cmd --reload
从Chef Manage GUI下载Starter Kit
登录到Chef Manage GUI，单击“Administration”选项，从列表中选择“organization”。此例中，“organization”为“example”，选中organization之后，点击左侧菜单中的“Starter Kit”。 
按下“Download（下载）”按钮之后，会跳出一个警告信息，按下“Proceed”，它会将chef-starter.zip文件下载到本地机器。
解压缩 Starter Kit
将chef-starter.zip文件传输到Chef工作站并解压到root的home目录下
# cd ~ # unzip chef-starter.zip Archive: chef-starter.zip creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/ creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/ creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/templates/ creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/templates/default/ inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/templates/default/sample.erb creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/files/ creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/files/default/ inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/files/default/sample.txt creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/recipes/ inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/recipes/default.rb creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/attributes/ inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/attributes/default.rb inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/metadata.rb inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/chefignore inflating: chef-repo/README.md inflating: chef-repo/.gitignore creating: chef-repo/.chef/ creating: chef-repo/roles/ inflating: chef-repo/.chef/knife.rb inflating: chef-repo/roles/starter.rb inflating: chef-repo/.chef/ramesh.pem inflating: chef-repo/.chef/example-validator.pem
如果你手动创建了chef-repo文件夹，那你就需要手动创建上述的子目录，复制knife.rb文件、organization-validator.pem文件（如：example-validator.pem）、username.pem文件（如：ramesh.pem）到上面显示的目录中。
Chef服务器的SSL证书
在这个阶段如果执行knife client list会得到以下错误信息
# cd ~/chef-repo # knife client list ERROR: SSL Validation failure connecting to host: centos.example.com - SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=error: certificate verify failed ERROR: Could not establish a secure connection to the server. Use `knife ssl check` to troubleshoot your SSL configuration. If your Chef Server uses a self-signed certificate, you can use `knife ssl fetch` to make knife trust the server's certificates. Original Exception: OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError: SSL Error connecting to https://centos.example.com/organizations/example/clients - SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=error: certificate verify failed
证书验证失败，因为我们没有从Chef服务器下载SSL证书，此时可以执行以下“knife ssl fetch”。
# cd ~/chef-repo # knife ssl fetch WARNING: Certificates from centos.example.com will be fetched and placed in your trusted_cert directory (/root/chef-repo/.chef/trusted_certs). Knife has no means to verify these are the correct certificates. You should verify the authenticity of these certificates after downloading.
证书将会下载到以下truster_certs目录中
# ls -l /root/chef-repo/.chef/trusted_certs -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1379 Mar 20 20:17 centos_example_com.crt # cat /root/chef-repo/.chef/trusted_certs/centos_example_com.crt -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIDzDCCArSgAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBRMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEQ MA4GA1UECgwHWW91Q29ycDETMBEGA1UECwwKT3BlcmF0aW9uczEbMBkGA1UEAwwS ZXJhdGlvbnMxGzAZBgNVBAMMEmNlbnRvcy5leGFtcGxlLmNvbTCCASIwDQYJKoZI .. .. WLyr2ORLMcck/OGsubabO/koMNTqhl2JJPECNiDJh06MeZ/2+BOwGZSpXDbw+vFE NJAsLfsTzihGWZ58einMFA== -----END CERTIFICATE-----
Chef工作站的最终确认
如果Chef工作站工作正常，当你执行“knife client list”时，它会显示所有连接工作站的客户端。由于我们刚刚安装它，因此只能看到刚刚我们创建的组织（organization）
# cd ~/chef-repo # knife client list example-validator
如果你现有的Chef工作站机器上已经有5个服务器连接到它了，你会看到以下信息
# knife client list example-validator node1 node2 node3 node4 node5
免费提供最新Linux技术教程书籍，为开源技术爱好者努力做得更多更好：https://www.linuxprobe.com/
