架设RHCE考试私服
之前给RHCT模考的同学配过一个私服，哈哈，不错。现在又考CE了，其实也差不多，早就配好了，今天有时间总结一下吧。
前几天冲哥配的私服本来想拷过来，太大了。就没有拷。
其实服务器里面最重要的就是DHCP,DNS和一个NIS服务器了，别的也没啥，要想只达到功能上的要求，挺简单的，我就简单的配一下吧。
DHCP:
把example copy过来。直接盖了/etc/dhcpd.conf得了，里面本来也没啥。
ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;
subnet 172.24.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {
# --- default gateway
option routers 172.24.254.254;
# option subnet-mask 255.255.0.0;
#
# option nis-domain "domain.org";
option domain-name "example.com";
option domain-name-servers 172.24.254.254;
#
option time-offset -18000; # Eastern Standard Time
# option ntp-servers 192.168.1.1;
# option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless
# -- you understand Netbios very well
# option netbios-node-type 2;
#
range dynamic-bootp 172.24.254.18 172.24.254.254;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
# we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address
host station18 {
hardware ethernet 00:0C:29:C0:E8:9E;
#这个是我绑的一个MAC。
fixed-address 172.24.254.18;
option host-name "station18";
}
}
完事了。
DNS:
还是一样，把named.conf copy过来。一把注释
//
// Sample named.conf BIND DNS server 'named' configuration file
// for the Red Hat BIND distribution.
//
// See the BIND Administrator's Reference Manual (ARM) for details, in:
// file:///usr/share/doc/bind-*/arm/Bv9ARM.html
// Also see the BIND Configuration GUI : /usr/bin/system-config-bind and
// its manual.
//
options
{
/* make named use port 53 for the source of all queries, to allow
* firewalls to block all ports except 53:
*/
query-source port 53;
query-source-v6 port 53;
// Put files that named is allowed to write in the data/ directory:
directory "/var/named"; // the default
dump-file "data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "data/named_mem_stats.txt";
};
zone "example.com" {
type master;
file "example.com";
};
logging
{
/* If you want to enable debugging, eg. using the 'rndc trace' command,
* named will try to write the 'named.run' file in the $directory (/var/named).
* By default, SELinux policy does not allow named to modify the /var/named directory,
* so put the default debug log file in data/ :
*/
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
//
// All BIND 9 zones are in a "view", which allow different zones to be served
// to different types of client addresses, and for options to be set for groups
// of zones.
//
// By default, if named.conf contains no "view" clauses, all zones are in the
// "default" view, which matches all clients.
//
// If named.conf contains any "view" clause, then all zones MUST be in a view;
// so it is recommended to start off using views to avoid having to restructure
// your configuration files in the future.
//
//view "localhost_resolver"
//{
/* This view sets up named to be a localhost resolver ( caching only nameserver ).
* If all you want is a caching-only nameserver, then you need only define this view:
*/
// match-clients { localhost; };
// match-destinations { localhost; };
// recursion yes;
# all views must contain the root hints zone:
// include "/etc/named.root.hints";
/* these are zones that contain definitions for all the localhost
* names and addresses, as recommended in RFC1912 - these names should
* ONLY be served to localhost clients:
*/
// include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
//};
//view "internal"
//{
/* This view will contain zones you want to serve only to "internal" clients
that connect via your directly attached LAN interfaces - "localnets" .
*/
// match-clients { localnets; };
// match-destinations { localnets; };
// recursion yes;
// all views must contain the root hints zone:
// include "/etc/named.root.hints";
// include "named.rfc1912.zones";
// you should not serve your rfc1912 names to non-localhost clients.
// These are your "authoritative" internal zones, and would probably
// also be included in the "localhost_resolver" view above :
// zone "my.internal.zone" {
// type master;
// file "my.internal.zone.db";
// };
// zone "my.slave.internal.zone" {
// type slave;
// file "slaves/my.slave.internal.zone.db";
// masters { /* put master nameserver IPs here */ 127.0.0.1; } ;
// put slave zones in the slaves/ directory so named can update them
// };
// zone "my.ddns.internal.zone" {
// type master;
// allow-update { key ddns_key; };
// file "slaves/my.ddns.internal.zone.db";
// put dynamically updateable zones in the slaves/ directory so named can update them
// };
//};
//key ddns_key
//{
// algorithm hmac-md5;
// secret "use /usr/sbin/dns-keygen to generate TSIG keys";
//};
//view "external"
//{
/* This view will contain zones you want to serve only to "external" clients
* that have addresses that are not on your directly attached LAN interface subnets:
*/
// match-clients { !localnets; !localhost; };
// match-destinations { !localnets; !localhost; };
// recursion no;
// you'd probably want to deny recursion to external clients, so you don't
// end up providing free DNS service to all takers
// all views must contain the root hints zone:
// include "/etc/named.root.hints";
// These are your "authoritative" external zones, and would probably
// contain entries for just your web and mail servers:
// zone "my.external.zone" {
// type master;
// file "my.external.zone.db";
// };
//};
再配一个zone文件example.com
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA @ root.ns (
42 ;
3H ;
15M ;
1W ;
1D );
IN NS ns
ns IN A 172.24.254.254
server1 IN A 172.24.254.254
station18 IN A 172.24.254.18
www18 IN CNAME station18
NIS:
#useradd -d /rhome/station18/nisuser18
#vi /etc/passwd
把/rhome/staion18/nisuser18改成/rhome/nisuser18(这一步的目的是让client autofs的时间能显示家目录)
#vi /etc/ypserv.conf
取掉最后一行注释。
行了，其它就不用说了，今天快停电了就简单地说一下吧。相信有基础的同学能看明白，我只是说说关键的和需要注意的地方而已。
前几天冲哥配的私服本来想拷过来，太大了。就没有拷。
其实服务器里面最重要的就是DHCP,DNS和一个NIS服务器了，别的也没啥，要想只达到功能上的要求，挺简单的，我就简单的配一下吧。
DHCP:
把example copy过来。直接盖了/etc/dhcpd.conf得了，里面本来也没啥。
ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;
subnet 172.24.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {
# --- default gateway
option routers 172.24.254.254;
# option subnet-mask 255.255.0.0;
#
# option nis-domain "domain.org";
option domain-name "example.com";
option domain-name-servers 172.24.254.254;
#
option time-offset -18000; # Eastern Standard Time
# option ntp-servers 192.168.1.1;
# option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless
# -- you understand Netbios very well
# option netbios-node-type 2;
#
range dynamic-bootp 172.24.254.18 172.24.254.254;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
# we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address
host station18 {
hardware ethernet 00:0C:29:C0:E8:9E;
#这个是我绑的一个MAC。
fixed-address 172.24.254.18;
option host-name "station18";
}
}
完事了。
DNS:
还是一样，把named.conf copy过来。一把注释
//
// Sample named.conf BIND DNS server 'named' configuration file
// for the Red Hat BIND distribution.
//
// See the BIND Administrator's Reference Manual (ARM) for details, in:
// file:///usr/share/doc/bind-*/arm/Bv9ARM.html
// Also see the BIND Configuration GUI : /usr/bin/system-config-bind and
// its manual.
//
options
{
/* make named use port 53 for the source of all queries, to allow
* firewalls to block all ports except 53:
*/
query-source port 53;
query-source-v6 port 53;
// Put files that named is allowed to write in the data/ directory:
directory "/var/named"; // the default
dump-file "data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "data/named_mem_stats.txt";
};
zone "example.com" {
type master;
file "example.com";
};
logging
{
/* If you want to enable debugging, eg. using the 'rndc trace' command,
* named will try to write the 'named.run' file in the $directory (/var/named).
* By default, SELinux policy does not allow named to modify the /var/named directory,
* so put the default debug log file in data/ :
*/
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
//
// All BIND 9 zones are in a "view", which allow different zones to be served
// to different types of client addresses, and for options to be set for groups
// of zones.
//
// By default, if named.conf contains no "view" clauses, all zones are in the
// "default" view, which matches all clients.
//
// If named.conf contains any "view" clause, then all zones MUST be in a view;
// so it is recommended to start off using views to avoid having to restructure
// your configuration files in the future.
//
//view "localhost_resolver"
//{
/* This view sets up named to be a localhost resolver ( caching only nameserver ).
* If all you want is a caching-only nameserver, then you need only define this view:
*/
// match-clients { localhost; };
// match-destinations { localhost; };
// recursion yes;
# all views must contain the root hints zone:
// include "/etc/named.root.hints";
/* these are zones that contain definitions for all the localhost
* names and addresses, as recommended in RFC1912 - these names should
* ONLY be served to localhost clients:
*/
// include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
//};
//view "internal"
//{
/* This view will contain zones you want to serve only to "internal" clients
that connect via your directly attached LAN interfaces - "localnets" .
*/
// match-clients { localnets; };
// match-destinations { localnets; };
// recursion yes;
// all views must contain the root hints zone:
// include "/etc/named.root.hints";
// include "named.rfc1912.zones";
// you should not serve your rfc1912 names to non-localhost clients.
// These are your "authoritative" internal zones, and would probably
// also be included in the "localhost_resolver" view above :
// zone "my.internal.zone" {
// type master;
// file "my.internal.zone.db";
// };
// zone "my.slave.internal.zone" {
// type slave;
// file "slaves/my.slave.internal.zone.db";
// masters { /* put master nameserver IPs here */ 127.0.0.1; } ;
// put slave zones in the slaves/ directory so named can update them
// };
// zone "my.ddns.internal.zone" {
// type master;
// allow-update { key ddns_key; };
// file "slaves/my.ddns.internal.zone.db";
// put dynamically updateable zones in the slaves/ directory so named can update them
// };
//};
//key ddns_key
//{
// algorithm hmac-md5;
// secret "use /usr/sbin/dns-keygen to generate TSIG keys";
//};
//view "external"
//{
/* This view will contain zones you want to serve only to "external" clients
* that have addresses that are not on your directly attached LAN interface subnets:
*/
// match-clients { !localnets; !localhost; };
// match-destinations { !localnets; !localhost; };
// recursion no;
// you'd probably want to deny recursion to external clients, so you don't
// end up providing free DNS service to all takers
// all views must contain the root hints zone:
// include "/etc/named.root.hints";
// These are your "authoritative" external zones, and would probably
// contain entries for just your web and mail servers:
// zone "my.external.zone" {
// type master;
// file "my.external.zone.db";
// };
//};
再配一个zone文件example.com
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA @ root.ns (
42 ;
3H ;
15M ;
1W ;
1D );
IN NS ns
ns IN A 172.24.254.254
server1 IN A 172.24.254.254
station18 IN A 172.24.254.18
www18 IN CNAME station18
NIS:
#useradd -d /rhome/station18/nisuser18
#vi /etc/passwd
把/rhome/staion18/nisuser18改成/rhome/nisuser18(这一步的目的是让client autofs的时间能显示家目录)
#vi /etc/ypserv.conf
取掉最后一行注释。
行了，其它就不用说了，今天快停电了就简单地说一下吧。相信有基础的同学能看明白，我只是说说关键的和需要注意的地方而已。
