MySQL入门篇（一）之MySQL部署

• MySQL 二进制免编译安装

　（1）下载二进制免编译版本mysql 5.6.35

[root@localhost tools]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

（2）增加mysql运行用户

[root@localhost tools]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

（3）解压并移动Mysql到指定的安装路径

[root@localhost tools]# tar -zxf mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost tools]# mv mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql-5.6.35

（4）创建软连接并更改目录所属

[root@localhost tools]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.6.35 /usr/local/mysql
‘/usr/local/mysql’ -> ‘/usr/local/mysql-5.6.35’
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

（5）初始化Mysql

[root@localhost mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql

（6）拷贝Mysql启动脚本，并修改脚本权限启动

[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld 
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld 
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.err'.
... SUCCESS! 
[root@localhost mysql]# netstat -tulnp |grep 3306
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      62679/mysqld  

（7）加入开机启动，测试登录    

[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@localhost mysql]# export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin/:$PATH
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> quit;

（8）mysql安全设置

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqladmin -uroot password '123456'        //配置mysql的root用户密码
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show databases;"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p        //清理无用的Mysql用户和库
Enter password: 

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host      |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | ::1       |
|      | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> drop user "root"@"::1"
    -> ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user ""@"localhost";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host      |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

有时使用drop命令删除不了用户，可能是大写或者是特殊的Linux主机名导致的，如下：
mysql> drop user ''@'MySQL';
ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation DROP USER failed for ''@'mysql'

解决办法如下：
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user='' and host='MySQL';
mysql> flush privileges;