python自动化运维-基础篇之psutil

系统基础信息

系统基础模块主要就是监控linux服务器的资源使用情况。比如网卡,内存，cpu等资源使用率

psutil模块

psutil是一个跨平台的模块，可以获取系统运行的进程和资源的使用率

安装psutil

wget https://pypi.org/project/psutil/#files/psutil-5.7.0.tar.gz
tar xf psutil-5.7.0.tar.gz
cd psutil-5.7.0
python setup.py install

系统性能信息

CPU
user time 执行用户进程时间占比
system time 内核进程和中断进程
iowait IO等待导致cpu处于idel空闲状态时间占比
Idle  cpu处于空闲的占比

>>> psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True)
[scputimes(user=441.55, nice=0.04, system=192.4, idle=25082.39, iowait=7.05, irq=0.0, softirq=3.16, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest_nice=0.0)]
逻辑cpu个数
>>> psutil.cpu_count()
1
物理个数
>>> psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)
1
获取用户进程时间占比
>>> psutil.cpu_times().user
441.77

内存
获取linux内存的total(内存总数)，userd(使用)，free(空闲)，buffers(缓冲使用数)，swap(交换区使用数)，cache（缓存使用数）
>>> type(psutil.virtual_memory())
<class 'psutil._pslinux.svmem'>
>>> psutil.virtual_memory()
svmem(total=1019645952, available=563720192, percent=44.7, used=279293952, free=91193344, active=372215808, inactive=318390272, buffers=4096, cached=649154560, shared=7311360, slab=166547456)
>>> mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
>>> mem.total
1019645952
swap就是磁盘做内存使用，说明内存已经溢出，要注意了
>>> psutil.swap_memory()
sswap(total=2147479552, used=3428352, free=2144051200, percent=0.2, sin=344064, sout=3624960)

DISK磁盘
>>> psutil.disk_partitions()
[sdiskpart(device='/dev/mapper/centos-root', mountpoint='/', fstype='xfs', opts='rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota'), sdiskpart(device='/dev/sda1', mountpoint='/boot', fstype='xfs', opts='rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota')]
具体分区的使用率
>>> psutil.disk_usage('/') 
sdiskusage(total=18238930944, used=4890099712, free=13348831232, percent=26.8)
硬盘总的IO数
>>> psutil.disk_io_counters()
sdiskio(read_count=11900, write_count=395, read_bytes=451097600, write_bytes=9930752, read_time=25756, write_time=826, read_merged_count=1, write_merged_count=11, busy_time=15498)
具体到分区的IO数
>>> psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True)
{'sda': sdiskio(read_count=6252, write_count=210, read_bytes=229998592, write_bytes=6129152, read_time=12991, write_time=452, read_merged_count=1, write_merged_count=14, busy_time=7853), 'sda1': sdiskio(read_count=511, write_count=4, read_bytes=6200320, write_bytes=2097152, read_time=220, write_time=7, read_merged_count=0, write_merged_count=0, busy_time=216), 'sda2': sdiskio(read_count=5711, write_count=206, read_bytes=222217216, write_bytes=4032000, read_time=12766, write_time=445, read_merged_count=1, write_merged_count=14, busy_time=7666), 'sr0': sdiskio(read_count=18, write_count=0, read_bytes=1052672, write_bytes=0, read_time=37, write_time=0, read_merged_count=0, write_merged_count=0, busy_time=27), 'dm-0': sdiskio(read_count=5542, write_count=220, read_bytes=217789440, write_bytes=4032000, read_time=12711, write_time=505, read_merged_count=0, write_merged_count=0, busy_time=7621), 'dm-1': sdiskio(read_count=88, write_count=0, read_bytes=2256896, write_bytes=0, read_time=17, write_time=0, read_merged_count=0, write_merged_count=0, busy_time=11)}

网卡
主要是bytes_sent，bytes_recv，packets_sent, packets_recv
总的数据包发送接收信息
>>> psutil.net_io_counters()
snetio(bytes_sent=46168, bytes_recv=105921, packets_sent=385, packets_recv=1020, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=136, dropout=0)
每个网络接口的数据包发送接收信息
>>> psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True)
{'ens32': snetio(bytes_sent=49652, bytes_recv=116123, packets_sent=419, packets_recv=1120, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=151, dropout=0), 'lo': snetio(bytes_sent=0, bytes_recv=0, packets_sent=0, packets_recv=0, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0), 'docker0': snetio(bytes_sent=0, bytes_recv=0, packets_sent=0, packets_recv=0, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)}

获取主机的登录信息
>>> psutil.users()
[suser(name='root', terminal='pts/0', host='192.168.1.147', started=1584152320.0, pid=1231), suser(name='root', terminal='pts/1', host='192.168.1.147', started=1584152448.0, pid=1253)]

系统进程的管理

>>> psutil.pids()     #获取进程的pid
[1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 。。。。]
>>> p = psutil.Process(680) #实例化某进程
>>> p.exe()  #bin路径
'/usr/bin/vmtoolsd'
>>> p.name()  #获取进程名
'vmtoolsd'
>>> p.cwd() #工作的路径
'/'
>>> p.status()  #状态
'sleeping'
>>> p.create_time( ) #创建时间-时间戳
1584152128.61
>>> p.uids()
puids(real=0, effective=0, saved=0)
>>> p.gids()
pgids(real=0, effective=0, saved=0)
还可以获取cpu mem,具体查看help(模块)...

from subprocess import PIPE 管道
> p = psutil.Popen(["/usr/bin/python", "-c", "print('mark')"], stdout=PIPE)
>>> p.name()
'python'
>>> p.create_time()
1584155239.31
>>> p.username()
'root'