Python String模块详解

>>> import string

>>> string.ascii_letters

'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'

>>> string.ascii_lowercase

'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'

>>> string.ascii_uppercase

'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'

>>> string.digits

'0123456789'

>>> string.hexdigits

'0123456789abcdefABCDEF'

>>> string.letters

'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'

>>> string.lowercase

'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'

>>> string.uppercase

'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'

>>> string.octdigits

'01234567'

>>> string.punctuation

'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'

>>> string.printable

'0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~ \t\n\r\x0b\x0c'

>>> string.whitespace

'\t\n\x0b\x0c\r

 

 

>>> '{0}, {1}, {2}'.format('a', 'b', 'c')

'a, b, c'

>>> '{}, {}, {}'.format('a', 'b', 'c')  # 2.7+ only

'a, b, c'

>>> '{2}, {1}, {0}'.format('a', 'b', 'c')

'c, b, a'

>>> '{2}, {1}, {0}'.format(*'abc')      # unpacking argument sequence

'c, b, a'

>>> '{0}{1}{0}'.format('abra', 'cad')   # arguments' indices can be repeated

'abracadabra'

>>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(latitude='37.24N', longitude='-115.81W')

'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W'

>>> coord = {'latitude': '37.24N', 'longitude': '-115.81W'}

>>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(**coord)

'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W'

>>> c = 3-5j

>>> ('The complex number {0} is formed from the real part {0.real} '

...  'and the imaginary part {0.imag}.').format(c)

'The complex number (3-5j) is formed from the real part 3.0 and the imaginary part -5.0.'

>>> class Point(object):

...     def __init__(self, x, y):

...         self.x, self.y = x, y

...     def __str__(self):

...         return 'Point({self.x}, {self.y})'.format(self=self)

...

>>> str(Point(4, 2))

'Point(4, 2)

>>> coord = (3, 5)

>>> 'X: {0[0]};  Y: {0[1]}'.format(coord)

'X: 3;  Y: 5'

>>> "repr() shows quotes: {!r}; str() doesn't: {!s}".format('test1', 'test2')

"repr() shows quotes: 'test1'; str() doesn't: test2"

>>> '{:<30}'.format('left aligned')

'left aligned                  '

>>> '{:>30}'.format('right aligned')

'                 right aligned'

>>> '{:^30}'.format('centered')

'           centered           '

>>> '{:*^30}'.format('centered')  # use '*' as a fill char

'***********centered***********'

>>> '{:+f}; {:+f}'.format(3.14, -3.14)  # show it always

'+3.140000; -3.140000'

>>> '{: f}; {: f}'.format(3.14, -3.14)  # show a space for positive numbers

' 3.140000; -3.140000'

>>> '{:-f}; {:-f}'.format(3.14, -3.14)  # show only the minus -- same as '{:f}; {:f}'

'3.140000; -3.140000'

>>> # format also supports binary numbers

>>> "int: {0:d};  hex: {0:x};  oct: {0:o};  bin: {0:b}".format(42)

'int: 42;  hex: 2a;  oct: 52;  bin: 101010'

>>> # with 0x, 0o, or 0b as prefix:

>>> "int: {0:d};  hex: {0:#x};  oct: {0:#o};  bin: {0:#b}".format(42)

'int: 42;  hex: 0x2a;  oct: 0o52;  bin: 0b101010'

>>> '{:,}'.format(1234567890)

'1,234,567,890'

>>> points = 19.5

>>> total = 22

>>> 'Correct answers: {:.2%}.'.format(points/total)

'Correct answers: 88.64%'

>>> import datetime

>>> d = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 4, 12, 15, 58)

>>> '{:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}'.format(d)

'2010-07-04 12:15:58'

>>> for align, text in zip('<^>', ['left', 'center', 'right']):

...     '{0:{fill}{align}16}'.format(text, fill=align, align=align)

...

'left<<<<<<<<<<<<'

'^^^^^center^^^^^'

'>>>>>>>>>>>right'

>>>

>>> octets = [192, 168, 0, 1]

>>> '{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}'.format(*octets)

'C0A80001'

>>> int(_, 16)

3232235521

>>>

>>> width = 5

>>> for num in range(5,12):

...     for base in 'dXob':

...         print '{0:{width}{base}}'.format(num, base=base, width=width),

...     print

...

5 5 5 101

6 6 6 110

7 7 7 111

8 8 10 1000

9 9 11 1001

10 A    12 1010

11 B    13 1011

>>> from string import Template

>>> s = Template('$who likes $what')

>>> s.substitute(who='tim', what='kung pao')

'tim likes kung pao'

>>> d = dict(who='tim')

>>> Template('Give $who $100').substitute(d)

Traceback (most recent call last):

[...]

ValueError: Invalid placeholder in string: line 1, col 10

>>> Template('$who likes $what').substitute(d)

Traceback (most recent call last):

[...]

KeyError: 'what'

>>> Template('$who likes $what').safe_substitute(d)

'tim likes $what'

 

 

string.capitalize(word) 返回一个副本，首字母大写

>>> string.capitalize("hello")

'Hello'

>>> string.capitalize("hello world")

'Hello world'

>>> string.split("asdadada asdada")

['asdadada', 'asdada']

>>> string.strip("              adsd         ")

'adsd'

>>> string.rstrip("              adsd         ")

'              adsd'

>>> string.lstrip("              adsd         ")

'adsd         '

string.swapcase(s) 小写变大写，大写变小写

>>> string.swapcase("Helloo")

'hELLOO'

>>> string.ljust("ww",20)

'ww                  '

>>> string.rjust('ww',20)

'                  ww'

>>> string.center('ww',20)

'         ww         '

string.zfill(s, width)

Pad a numeric string on the left with zero digits until the given width is reached. Strings starting with a sign are handled correctly.

>>> string.zfill('ww',20)

'000000000000000000ww'