六、把文件存放在SDCard
使用Activity的openFileOutput()方法保存文件,文件是存放在手机空间上,一般手机的存储空间不是很大,存放些小文件还行,如果要存放像视频这样的大文件,是不可行的。对于像视频这样的大文件,我们可以把它存放在SDCard。 SDCard是干什么的?你可以把它看作是移动硬盘或U盘。
在模拟器中使用SDCard,你需要先创建一张SDCard卡(当然不是真的SDCard,只是镜像文件)。创建SDCard可以在Eclipse创建模拟器时随同创建,也可以使用DOS命令进行创建,如下:在Dos窗口中进入android SDK安装路径的tools目录,输入以下命令创建一张容量为2G的SDCard,文件后缀可以随便取,建议使用.img:
mksdcard 2048M D:\AndroidTool\sdcard.img
注意:在程序中访问SDCard,你需要申请访问SDCard的权限。
在AndroidManifest.xml中加入访问SDCard的权限如下:
<!-- 在SDCard中创建与删除文件权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>
<!-- 往SDCard写入数据权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
要往SDCard存放文件,程序必须先判断手机是否装有SDCard,并且可以进行读写。
注意:访问SDCard必须在AndroidManifest.xml中加入访问SDCard的权限
if(Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
File sdCardDir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();//获取SDCard目录
File saveFile = new File(sdCardDir, “ljq.txt”);
FileOutputStream outStream = new FileOutputStream(saveFile);
outStream.write("abc".getBytes());
outStream.close();
}
Environment.getExternalStorageState()方法用于获取SDCard的状态,如果手机装有SDCard,并且可以进行读写,
那么方法返回的状态等于Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED。
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()方法用于获取SDCard的目录,当然要获取SDCard的目录,你也可以这样写:
File sdCardDir = new File("/mnt/sdcard"); //获取SDCard目录
File saveFile = new File(sdCardDir, "ljq.txt");
//上面两句代码可以合成一句: File saveFile = new File("/mnt/sdcard/ljq.txt");
FileOutputStream outStream = new FileOutputStream(saveFile);
outStream.write("abc".getBytes());
outStream.close();
案例
main.xml布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<!-- 相对布局 -->
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/filename"
android:id="@+id/filenameLable" />
<EditText android:layout_width="250px"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_toRightOf="@id/filenameLable"
android:layout_alignTop="@id/filenameLable"
android:layout_marginLeft="10px"
android:text="ljq.txt"
android:id="@+id/filename" />
</RelativeLayout>
<TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/content" />
<EditText android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:minLines="3"
android:id="@+id/content" />
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/button"
android:id="@+id/button" />
<Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_toRightOf="@id/button"
android:layout_alignTop="@id/button"
android:layout_marginLeft="10px"
android:minLines="3"
android:text="@string/readButton"
android:id="@+id/readButton" />
</RelativeLayout>
<TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/resultView" />
</LinearLayout>
strings.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<string name="hello">Hello World, FileActivity!</string>
<string name="app_name">数据保存</string>
<string name="filename">文件名称</string>
<string name="content">文件内容</string>
<string name="button">保存</string>
<string name="readButton">读取内容</string>
<string name="error">保存失败</string>
<string name="success">保存成功</string>
</resources>
FileService工具类
package com.ljq.service;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
public class FileService {
/**
* 保存数据
*
* @param outputStream
* @param content
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void save(OutputStream outputStream, String content) throws Exception {
outputStream.write(content.getBytes());
outputStream.close();
}
/**
* 读取数据
*
* @param inputStream
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String read(InputStream inputStream) throws Exception {
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); // 往内存写数据
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; // 缓冲区
int len = -1;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
byte[] data = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray(); // 存储数据
byteArrayOutputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
return new String(data);
}
}
SdcardActivity类
package com.ljq.sdcard;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.ljq.service.FileService;
public class SdcardActivity extends Activity {
private final String TAG = "FileActivity";
private EditText filenameText;
private TextView resultView;
private EditText contentText;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
filenameText = (EditText)this.findViewById(R.id.filename);
contentText = (EditText)this.findViewById(R.id.content);
resultView = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.resultView);
Button button = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.button);
button.setOnClickListener(listener);
Button readButton = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.readButton);
readButton.setOnClickListener(listener);
}
private View.OnClickListener listener = new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
Button button = (Button) v;
String filename = filenameText.getText().toString();
// Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()等价于new File("/sdcard")---->获取sdcard目录
//获取sdcard目录
//File file = new File("/sdcard" + filename);
File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), filename);
switch (button.getId()) {
case R.id.button:
int resId = R.string.success; // 默认成功
String content = contentText.getText().toString();
//sdcard存在并且可以读写
if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
try {
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
FileService.save(fileOutputStream, content);
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
resId = R.string.error;
}
Toast.makeText(SdcardActivity.this, resId, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}else {
Toast.makeText(SdcardActivity.this, "sdcard不存在或写保护", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
break;
case R.id.readButton:
try {
InputStream inputStream= new FileInputStream(file);
String text = FileService.read(inputStream);
resultView.setText(text);
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
Toast.makeText(SdcardActivity.this, "读取失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
break;
}
}
};
}
清单文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.ljq.sdcard" android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0">
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity android:name=".SdcardActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category
android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="7" />
<!-- 在SDCard中创建与删除文件权限 -->
<uses-permission
android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS" />
<!-- 往SDCard写入数据权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
</manifest>
运行结果