BOM与DOM操作
_____egon新书来袭请看:https://egonlin.com/book.html
一 BOM操作
1.1 介绍
BOM:Browser Object Model,浏览器对象模型。BOM的结构图:
从上图可以看出来:
#1、DOM对象也是BOM的一部分 #2、window对象是BOM的顶层(核心)对象
需要注意的是
#1、在调用window对象的方法和属性时,可以省略window,例如:window.document.location可以简写为document.location #2、全局变量也是windows对象的属性,全局的函数时window对象的方法
1.2 对象history、navigator、screen(了解即可)
#1、history对象包不包含浏览器的历史 history.back() //后退一页,等同于history.go(-1) history.forward() //前进一页,等同于history.go(1) history.go(0) //0是刷新 用的不多。因为浏览器中已经自带了这些功能的按钮: #2、navigator对象包含了浏览器相关信息。 navigator.appName // Web浏览器全称 navigator.userAgent // 客户端绝大部分信息 navigator.platform // 浏览器运行所在的操作系统 #3、可以用screen对象得到可用的屏幕宽读和高度 screen.availWidth //可用的屏幕宽度 screen.availHeight //可用的屏幕高度
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================page11.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <p>第一个页</p> <a href="page22.html">点我进入下一页</a> </body> </html> ================page22.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <p>第二个页</p> <a href="page33.html">点我进入下一页</a> </body> </html> ================page33.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script> function back() { window.history.back() } </script> </head> <body> <p>第三个页</p> <input type="button" value="点我进入上一页" onclick="back()"> </body> </html>
1.3 localtion对象
location.href //获取URL location.href="URL" // 跳转到指定页面 location.reload() //重新加载页面
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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> <div id="div1">点我一下</div> <script> var oDiv = document.getElementById('div1'); oDiv.onclick = function () { window.location.href = 'https://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng'; } </script> </body> </html>
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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> <div>这天下,本就是大争之世,孤的儿子,不仅要争,而且要争的光芒万丈</div> <script> setTimeout(function () { location.href = 'https://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng'; }, 3000) </script> </body> </html>
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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> <div>这天下,本就是大争之世,孤的儿子,不仅要争,而且要争的光芒万丈</div> <script> setTimeout(function () { location.reload(); }, 3000) </script> </body> </html>
1.4 弹出系统对话框
alert(1)是window.alert(1)的简写,因为它是window的子方法。 系统对话框有三种: alert("egon警告你:人丑还不读书,是找不到女朋友的"); //不同浏览器中的外观是不一样的 confirm("你真的要这么做吗小伙子"); //兼容不好 prompt("输入用户名:"); //不推荐使用
# 示例
var x=confirm("你真到要这么做吗")
console.log(x)
var username=prompt("输入用户名:")
console.log(username);
1.5 打开关闭窗口
#1、open("url地址","新窗口的位置_blank或者_self","新窗口的特征") window.open("http://www.w3school.com.cn","_blank", "width=400, height=400") #2、close()关闭当前窗口
var x=window.open("http://www.w3school.com.cn","_blank", "width=400, height=400")
x.close()
1.6 浏览器窗口内部的高度和宽度
window.innerHeight - 浏览器窗口的内部高度
window.innerWidth - 浏览器窗口的内部宽度
1.7 定时器
#1.setTimeOut() 只在指定时间后执行一次,通常用于延迟执行某方法或功能, //定时器 异步运行 function say(){ alert("hello"); } //使用方法名字执行方法 var t1 = setTimeout(hello,1000); var t2 = setTimeout("hello()",3000); //使用字符串执行方法 clearTimeout(t2); //去掉定时器 #2.setInterval() 在指定时间为周期循环执行,通常用于刷新表单,对于一些表单的假实时指定时间刷新同步,动画效果等。 //实时刷新时间单位为毫秒 var t3 = setInterval(say,3000); var t4 = setInterval('say()',3000); clearInterval(t3); clearInterval(t4);
二 DOM操作
2.1 介绍
当网页被加载时,浏览器会创建页面的文档对象模型(Document Object Model),DOM标准规定HTML文档中的每个成员都是一个节点(node),HTML DOM树如下图
2.2 查找节点
#1、直接查找 document.getElementById #根据ID获取唯一一个标签 document.getElementsByClassName #根据class属性获取一系列标签 document.getElementsByTagName #根据标签名获取一系列标签 #2、间接查找如下表
语法 | 含义 |
---|---|
childNodes | 获取所有的子节点,除了元素还有文本等 |
children | 获取所有元素子节点,不包含文本 |
parentNode | 获取父节点 |
previousSibling | 获取上一个兄弟节点,包含文本 |
previousElementSibling | 获取上一个兄弟元素节点,不包含文本 |
nextSibling | 获取下一个兄弟节点,包含文本 |
nextElementSibling | 获取下一个兄弟元素节点,不包含文本 |
firstChild | 获取第一个子节点,包含文本 |
firstElementChild | 获取第一个子节点,不包含文本 |
lastChild | 获取最后一个子节点,包含文本 |
lastElementChild | 获取父元素最后一个元素节点。不包含文本 |
2.3 增加节点
#1、创建新节点 var divEle = document.createElement('div'); #2、追加一个子节点(放到最后) somenode.appendChild(新的子节点); #3、插入一个子节点(插入到某个节点前) somenode.insertBefore(新的子节点,某个节点);
2.4 删除、替换节点
somenode.removeChild(要删除的子节点);
somenode.replaceChild(新的子节点, 某个子节点);
2.5 修改/设置节点属性
#1、获取文本节点的值: var divEle = document.getElementById("d1") divEle.innerText divEle.innerHTML #2、设置文本节点的值: var divEle = document.getElementById("d1") divEle.innerText="1" divEle.innerHTML="<p>2</p>" #3、attribute操作 var divEle = document.getElementById("d1"); divEle.setAttribute("age","18") divEle.getAttribute("age") divEle.removeAttribute("age") #4、自带的属性还可以直接.属性名来获取和设置 imgEle.src imgEle.src="..."
2.6 获取元素的值
#适用于input、select、textarea标签 var x=document.getElementById('input') var y=document.getElementById('select') var z=document.getElementById('textarea') x.value y.value z.value
2.7 class操作
var x=document.getElementById('div1') x.classList.remove('col1') x.classList.add('col1') x.classList.contains('col1') x.classList.toggle('col1')
2.8 css操作
obj.style.backgroundColor="red"
JS操作CSS属性的规律:
1.对于没有中横线的CSS属性一般直接使用style.属性名即可。如:
obj.style.margin obj.style.width obj.style.left obj.style.position
2.对含有中横线的CSS属性,将中横线后面的第一个字母换成大写即可。如:
obj.style.marginTop obj.style.borderLeftWidth obj.style.zIndex obj.style.fontFamily
2.9 事件
HTML 4.0 的新特性之一是有能力使 HTML 事件触发浏览器中的动作(action),比如当用户点击某个 HTML 元素时执行一段JavaScript。下面是一个属性列表,这些属性可插入 HTML 标签来定义事件动作。
1、常用事件
onclick 当用户点击某个对象时调用的事件句柄。 ondblclick 当用户双击某个对象时调用的事件句柄。 onfocus 元素获得焦点。 // 练习:输入框 onblur 元素失去焦点。 应用场景:用于表单验证,用户离开某个输入框时,代表已经输入完了,我们可以对它进行验证. onchange 域的内容被改变。 应用场景:通常用于表单元素,当元素内容被改变时触发.(select联动) onkeydown 某个键盘按键被按下。 应用场景: 当用户在最后一个输入框按下回车按键时,表单提交. onkeypress 某个键盘按键被按下并松开。 onkeyup 某个键盘按键被松开。 onload 一张页面或一幅图像完成加载。 onmousedown 鼠标按钮被按下。 onmousemove 鼠标被移动。 onmouseout 鼠标从某元素移开。 onmouseover 鼠标移到某元素之上。 onselect 在文本框中的文本被选中时发生。 onsubmit 确认按钮被点击,使用的对象是form。
2、绑定方式
#方式一: <div id="div1" onclick="changeColor(this);">我是div,我去你妹的,点我</div> <script> function changeColor(ths) { ths.style.backgroundColor="green"; } </script> 注意: this是实参,表示触发事件的当前元素。 函数定义过程中的ths为形参。 #方式二: <div id="div1">来,点亮我的绿</div> <script> var oDiv = document.getElementById('div1'); oDiv.onclick = function() { this.style.backgroundColor = 'red'; } </script>
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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> * { margin: 0; padding: 0; } html, body { height: 100%; } #bg { height: 100%; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); } #content { position: relative; top: 150px; width: 400px; height: 200px; line-height: 200px; text-align: center; color: red; background-color: white; margin: 0 auto; } #cancel { position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; color: white; width: 30px; height: 30px; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; background-color: red; } </style> </head> <body> <input type="button" value="弹出模态框" id="btn"> <script> var oBtn = document.getElementById('btn'); var oDiv = document.createElement('div'); var oP = document.createElement('p'); var oSpan = document.createElement('span'); oDiv.id = 'bg'; oP.id = 'content'; oSpan.id = 'cancel'; oP.innerHTML = '弹出模态框'; oSpan.innerHTML = 'X'; oDiv.appendChild(oP); oP.appendChild(oSpan); oBtn.onclick = function () { this.parentNode.replaceChild(oDiv, this); }; oSpan.onclick =function () { oDiv.parentNode.replaceChild(oBtn,oDiv); } </script> </body> </html> <!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> * { margin: 0; padding: 0; } html,body { height: 100%; } #bg { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); display: none; } #content { position: absolute; top: 100px; left: 50%; margin-left: -150px; background-color: white; width: 300px; height: 200px; } #content p:nth-child(3) { position: absolute; top: 100px; } </style> </head> <body> <input type="button" value="弹出" id="btn"> <div id="bg"> <div id="content"> <p> <label for="inp-username">用户名: </label><input type="text" name="username" id="inp-username"> </p> <p> <label for="inp-password">密码: </label><input type="text" name="username" id="inp-password"> </p> <p> <input type="button" value="提交" > <input type="button" value="取消" id="cancel"> </p> </div> </div> <script> var oBtn = document.getElementById('btn'); var oBg = document.getElementById('bg'); var oInpUsername=document.getElementById('inp-username'); var oInpPwd=document.getElementById('inp-password'); var oInp=document.getElementById('cancel'); oBtn.onclick=function () { oBg.style.display='block'; } oInp.onclick=function () { oInpUsername.value=''; oInpPwd.value=''; oBg.style.display='none' } </script> </body> </html>
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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> * { margin: 0; padding: 0; } .box { width: 200px; height: 200px; background: red; text-align: center; color: white; line-height: 200px; font-size: 23px; font-weight: bold; margin: 20px auto; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="box">点击有惊喜!!!</div> <script> var oBox = document.getElementsByClassName('box')[0]; //初始化点击的次数。通过次数的增加来改变DOM的样式 var a = 0; oBox.onclick = function () { a++; console.log(a % 4); if (a % 4 === 1) { this.style.background = 'green'; this.innerText = '继续点击哦!!!'; } else if (a % 4 == 2) { this.style.background = 'blue'; this.innerText = '骗你的,傻逼'; } else if (a % 4 == 3) { this.style.background = 'transparent'; this.innerText = ''; } else { this.style.background = 'red'; this.innerText = '点击有惊喜!!!'; } } </script> </body> </html>
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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> * { margin: 0; padding: 0; } #comment { background-color: #b0b0b0; width: 500px; } #comment ul li { list-style: none; background-color: wheat; border: 1px dashed #000; margin: 0px 10px 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="comment"> <p>评论内容:</p> </div> <div id="box"> <p>留言内容:</p> <textarea name="" id="content" cols="30" rows="10"></textarea> <p> <input type="button" value="提交" id="btn"> <input type="button" value="统计" id="calculate"> </p> </div> <script> var comment = document.getElementById('comment'); var box = document.getElementById('box'); var submit = document.getElementById('submit'); var content = document.getElementById('content'); var btn = document.getElementById('btn'); var calculate=document.getElementById('calculate'); var ul = document.createElement('ul'); comment.appendChild(ul); var count=0; btn.onclick = function () { var val = content.value; if (val.length != 0) { var date = new Date(); var subTime = date.toLocaleString(); var li = document.createElement('li'); var p1 = document.createElement('h3'); var p2 = document.createElement('p'); var spans = document.getElementsByClassName('del'); count=spans.length+1; p1.innerHTML = '#'+'<span class="num">'+count+'</span>'+'楼'+' '+subTime + '<span class="del"> 删除</span>'; p2.innerHTML = val; li.appendChild(p1); li.appendChild(p2); ul.appendChild(li); content.value = ''; } function aa() { var spans = document.getElementsByClassName('del'); for (var i = 0; i < spans.length; i++) { spans[i].onclick=function (currentIndex) { function bb() { ul.removeChild(this.parentNode.parentNode); count--; var ss=document.getElementsByClassName('num'); for (var j=currentIndex;j<ss.length;j++){ ss[j].innerHTML=parseInt(ss[j].innerHTML)-1; } aa(); } return bb; }(i); } } aa() }; calculate.onclick = function () { alert('一共发布了'+count+'条评论'); } </script> </body> </html>
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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> * { margin: 0; padding: 0; } .tab { width: 480px; height: 200px; border: 1px solid red; margin: 0 auto; } ul li { list-style: none; width: 160px; height: 60px; line-height: 60px; text-align: center; background-color: #b0b0b0; float: left; } li.active { background-color: #55BBBB; } p { display: none; height: 200px; text-align: center; line-height: 200px; background-color: white; } p.active { display: block; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="tab"> <ul> <li class="active">首页</li> <li>新闻</li> <li>图片</li> </ul> <p class="active">首页内容</p> <p>新闻内容</p> <p>图片内容</p> </div> <script> var aLi=document.getElementsByTagName('li'); var aP=document.getElementsByTagName('p'); for (var i=0;i<aLi.length;i++){ aLi[i].index=i; aLi[i].onclick=function () { for (var j=0;j<aLi.length;j++){ aLi[j].className=''; aP[j].className=''; } this.className='active'; aP[this.index].className='active'; } } </script> </body> </html>
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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> * { margin: 0; padding: 0; } #search { position: relative; } input { outline: none; display: block; border: 2px solid #f2a83c; border-radius: 10px; width: 490px; height: 50px; margin-top: 20px; } label { position: absolute; top: 20px; left: 10px; font-size: 8px; color: gray; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="search"> <input type="text" id="text"> <label for="text" id="msg">老男孩上海校区</label> </div> <script> var txt = document.getElementById('text'); var msg = document.getElementById('msg'); //检测用户表单输入的时候 txt.oninput = function () { //控制元素显示隐藏 if (this.value == '') { msg.style.display = 'block'; } else { msg.style.display = 'none'; } } </script> </body> </html>
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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> <script> setInterval(function () { var date = new Date(); var y = date.getFullYear(); var m = date.getMonth(); var d = date.getDate(); var h = date.getHours(); var min = date.getMinutes(); var s = date.getSeconds(); //今天是2018年2月23日 8:23:09 document.body.innerHTML = "今天是" + y + '年' + num(m + 1) + "月" + num(d) + "日" + num(h) + ":" + num(min) + ":" + num(s) }, 1000) function num(n) { if (n < 10) { return "0" + n; } return n } </script> </body> </html>
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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> * { padding: 0; margin: 0; } .box { width: 200px; height: 200px; background-color: #FF0000; position: absolute; top: 50px; left: 0px; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="wrap"> <button id="btn1">前进</button> <button id="btn2">后退</button> <div class="box" id="box1"> </div> </div> <script> var btn1 = document.getElementById('btn1'); var btn2 = document.getElementById('btn2'); var box1 = document.getElementById('box1') var count = 0; var time1 = null; var time2 = null; btn1.onclick = function () { clearInterval(time2); time1 = setInterval(function () { count += 10; if (count > 1000) { box1.style.left = '1000px'; box1.style.borderRadius = '50%'; clearInterval(time1); } else { box1.style.left = count + 'px'; box1.style.borderRadius = count / 2000 * 100 + '%'; } }, 10) }; btn2.onclick = function () { clearInterval(time1); time2 = setInterval(function () { count -= 10; if (count <= 0) { box1.style.left = '0px'; box1.style.borderRadius = ''; clearInterval(time2); } else { box1.style.left = count + 'px'; box1.style.borderRadius = count / 2000 * 100 + '%'; ; } }, 10) } </script> </body> </html>
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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> * { padding: 0; margin: 0; } img { position: fixed; width: 300px; } ul { list-style: none; } #left { left: 0; } #right { right: 0; } ul li { font-size: 25px; } </style> </head> <body> <img src="images/1.jpg" id="left"> <img src="images/1.jpg" id="right"> <ul> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> <li>屠龙宝刀,点击就送</li> </ul> <script> window.onload = function () { var left = document.getElementById('left'); var right = document.getElementById('right'); setTimeout(function () { left.style.display = 'none'; right.style.display = 'none'; }, 5000) } </script> </body> </html>
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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> * { padding: 0; margin: 0; } .wrap { width: 512px; height: 400px; border: 3px solid #808080; position: relative; overflow: hidden; margin: 100px auto; } .wrap span { width: 100%; height: 200px; position: absolute; background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #000; } .up { top: 0; } .down { bottom: 0; } img { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; height: 200px; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="box" class="wrap"> <img src="images/mi.png" id="xiaomi"> <span class="up" id="picUp">11111</span> <span class="down" id="picDown">22222</span> </div> <script> var up = document.getElementById('picUp'); var down = document.getElementById('picDown'); var img = document.getElementById('xiaomi'); var count = 0; var time = null; //鼠标移入的时候吧 up.onmouseover = function () { //不管怎样 上来先清定时器 clearInterval(time); time = setInterval(function () { count -= 3; count >= -1070 ? img.style.top = count + 'px' : clearInterval(time); }, 30) }; down.onmouseover = function () { clearInterval(time); time = setInterval(function () { count += 1; count < 0 ? img.style.top = count + 'px' : clearInterval(time); }, 30) } </script> </body> </html>
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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> * { padding: 0; margin: 0; } ul { list-style: none; } .box { width: 600px; height: 700px; margin: 50px auto; overflow: hidden; position: relative; border: 1px solid #000; } ul li { float: left; } .box ul { width: 500%; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; } img { width: 600px; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="box"> <ul> <li><img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1036857/201805/1036857-20180516225816920-580320384.jpg"/></li> <li><img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1036857/201805/1036857-20180516225809591-1990809146.jpg"/></li> <li><img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1036857/201805/1036857-20180516225724530-539090864.jpg"/></li> <li><img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1036857/201805/1036857-20180516225751362-1832630751.jpg"/></li> <li><img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1036857/201805/1036857-20180516225816920-580320384.jpg"/></li> </ul> </div> <script> var box = document.getElementsByClassName('box')[0]; var ul = box.children[0]; var num = 0; var timer = null; timer = setInterval(autoPlay, 3); //函数的声明 function autoPlay() { num--; num <= -2400? num = 0: num; ul.style.left = num + 'px' } //鼠标移动上去 box.onmouseover = function () { clearInterval(timer) }; box.onmouseout = function () { timer = setInterval(autoPlay, 3); } </script> </body> </html>
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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <title>Document</title> <style> span { background-color: red; } </style> </head> <body> <form> <p> <input type="text" name="username"> <span></span> </p> <p> <input type="password" name="password"> <span></span> </p> <p> <input type="button" value="提交" id="btn"> </p> </form> <script> var isOk1=false var reg1=new RegExp('(?!^[0-9]+$)(?!^[a-zA-Z]+$)^[0-9A-Za-z]{4}$') var inp1 = document.getElementsByName("username")[0] inp1.onblur=function () { var res=reg1.test(this.value) this.style.border="1px solid red" if (!res) { this.nextElementSibling.innerText="用户名必须由4位字母和数字组成" setTimeout(function () { inp1.nextElementSibling.innerText="" inp1.value="" },3000) }else { this.style.border="1px solid green" isOk1=true } } var isOk2=false var reg2=new RegExp('(?!^[0-9]+$)(?!^[a-zA-Z]+$)^[0-9A-Za-z]{6}$') var inp2 = document.getElementsByName("password")[0] inp2.onblur=function () { var res=reg2.test(this.value) this.style.border="1px solid red" if (!res) { this.nextElementSibling.innerText="密码必须由6位字母和数字组成" setTimeout(function () { inp2.nextElementSibling.innerText="" inp2.value="" },3000) }else { this.style.border="1px solid green" isOk2=true } } var btn=document.getElementById("btn") btn.onclick=function () { if(isOk1 && isOk2) { alert("提交成功") }else { alert("请重新填写") } } </script> </body> </html>