用户输入查询与拼音首字母的结合，提高用户的操作体验
我们在界面设计的时候，不管是Web的还是Winform的程序，为了方便用户对各种数据进行操作，提高用户的操作体验，都是一个永恒不变的话题，需要尽可能地提高。本文抛砖引玉，介绍本人在Web和Winform中使用拼音简码以及智能提示的具体例子，对这个话题进行探讨。
在下面的Web界面中，我们可以通过拼音首字母或者部分中文内容，来模糊搜索（类似Google搜索的智能提示），一个方便用户搜索，第二个有效利用Ajax技术来提高用户的体验。
用户可以输入中文，一样有智能提示。
在Winform界面中，同样也可以做到智能提示，由于Winform中的响应速度比较快，我们可以根据输入的首字母或者部分中文快速更新列表内容即可，如下图所示。
其实以上两个，都是需要一个Sql函数，就是把中文转换为首字母的函数，以便能够快速搜索内容，下面我列出SqlServer和Oracle的转换首字母的函数。以飨读者。
SqlServer的汉字转拼音码的函数:
代码
--
-- Definition for user-defined function f_GetPy :
--
GO
create function [dbo].f_GetPy(@str nvarchar(4000))
returns nvarchar(4000)
as
begin
declare @strlen int,@re nvarchar(4000)
declare @t table(chr nchar(1) collate Chinese_PRC_CI_AS,letter nchar(1))
insert into @t(chr,letter)
select '吖 ', 'A ' union all select '八 ', 'B ' union all
select '嚓 ', 'C ' union all select '咑 ', 'D ' union all
select '妸 ', 'E ' union all select '发 ', 'F ' union all
select '旮 ', 'G ' union all select '铪 ', 'H ' union all
select '丌 ', 'J ' union all select '咔 ', 'K ' union all
select '垃 ', 'L ' union all select '嘸 ', 'M ' union all
select '拏 ', 'N ' union all select '噢 ', 'O ' union all
select '妑 ', 'P ' union all select '七 ', 'Q ' union all
select '呥 ', 'R ' union all select '仨 ', 'S ' union all
select '他 ', 'T ' union all select '屲 ', 'W ' union all
select '夕 ', 'X ' union all select '丫 ', 'Y ' union all
select '帀 ', 'Z '
select @strlen=len(@str),@re= ' '
while @strlen> 0
begin
select top 1 @re=letter+@re,@strlen=@strlen-1
from @t a where chr <=substring(@str,@strlen,1)
order by chr desc
if @@rowcount=0
select @re=substring(@str,@strlen,1)+@re,@strlen=@strlen-1
end
return(@re)
end
-- Definition for user-defined function f_GetPy :
--
GO
create function [dbo].f_GetPy(@str nvarchar(4000))
returns nvarchar(4000)
as
begin
declare @strlen int,@re nvarchar(4000)
declare @t table(chr nchar(1) collate Chinese_PRC_CI_AS,letter nchar(1))
insert into @t(chr,letter)
select '吖 ', 'A ' union all select '八 ', 'B ' union all
select '嚓 ', 'C ' union all select '咑 ', 'D ' union all
select '妸 ', 'E ' union all select '发 ', 'F ' union all
select '旮 ', 'G ' union all select '铪 ', 'H ' union all
select '丌 ', 'J ' union all select '咔 ', 'K ' union all
select '垃 ', 'L ' union all select '嘸 ', 'M ' union all
select '拏 ', 'N ' union all select '噢 ', 'O ' union all
select '妑 ', 'P ' union all select '七 ', 'Q ' union all
select '呥 ', 'R ' union all select '仨 ', 'S ' union all
select '他 ', 'T ' union all select '屲 ', 'W ' union all
select '夕 ', 'X ' union all select '丫 ', 'Y ' union all
select '帀 ', 'Z '
select @strlen=len(@str),@re= ' '
while @strlen> 0
begin
select top 1 @re=letter+@re,@strlen=@strlen-1
from @t a where chr <=substring(@str,@strlen,1)
order by chr desc
if @@rowcount=0
select @re=substring(@str,@strlen,1)+@re,@strlen=@strlen-1
end
return(@re)
end
Oracle的汉字转拼音首字母的函数：
代码
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION F_PINYIN(P_NAME IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2 AS
V_COMPARE VARCHAR2(100);
V_RETURN VARCHAR2(4000);
FUNCTION F_NLSSORT(P_WORD IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2 AS
BEGIN
RETURN NLSSORT(P_WORD, 'NLS_SORT=SCHINESE_PINYIN_M');
END;
BEGIN
FOR I IN 1..NVL(LENGTH(P_NAME), 0) LOOP
V_COMPARE := F_NLSSORT(SUBSTR(P_NAME, I, 1));
IF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('吖') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('驁') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'A';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('八') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('簿') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'B';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('嚓') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('錯') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'C';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('咑') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('鵽') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'D';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('妸') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('樲') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'E';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('发') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('猤') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'F';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('旮') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('腂') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'G';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('妎') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('夻') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'H';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('丌') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('攈') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'J';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('咔') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('穒') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'K';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('垃') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('擽') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'L';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('嘸') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('椧') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'M';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('拏') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('瘧') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'N';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('筽') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('漚') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'O';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('妑') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('曝') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'P';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('七') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('裠') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'Q';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('亽') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('鶸') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'R';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('仨') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('蜶') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'S';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('侤') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('籜') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'T';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('屲') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('鶩') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'W';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('夕') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('鑂') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'X';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('丫') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('韻') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'Y';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('帀') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('咗') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'Z';
END IF;
END LOOP;
RETURN V_RETURN;
END;
V_COMPARE VARCHAR2(100);
V_RETURN VARCHAR2(4000);
FUNCTION F_NLSSORT(P_WORD IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2 AS
BEGIN
RETURN NLSSORT(P_WORD, 'NLS_SORT=SCHINESE_PINYIN_M');
END;
BEGIN
FOR I IN 1..NVL(LENGTH(P_NAME), 0) LOOP
V_COMPARE := F_NLSSORT(SUBSTR(P_NAME, I, 1));
IF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('吖') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('驁') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'A';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('八') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('簿') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'B';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('嚓') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('錯') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'C';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('咑') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('鵽') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'D';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('妸') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('樲') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'E';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('发') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('猤') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'F';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('旮') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('腂') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'G';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('妎') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('夻') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'H';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('丌') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('攈') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'J';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('咔') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('穒') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'K';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('垃') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('擽') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'L';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('嘸') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('椧') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'M';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('拏') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('瘧') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'N';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('筽') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('漚') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'O';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('妑') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('曝') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'P';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('七') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('裠') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'Q';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('亽') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('鶸') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'R';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('仨') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('蜶') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'S';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('侤') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('籜') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'T';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('屲') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('鶩') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'W';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('夕') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('鑂') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'X';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('丫') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('韻') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'Y';
ELSIF V_COMPARE >= F_NLSSORT('帀') AND V_COMPARE <= F_NLSSORT('咗') THEN
V_RETURN := V_RETURN || 'Z';
END IF;
END LOOP;
RETURN V_RETURN;
END;
使用代码大概如下所示：
使用例子1：
代码
/// <summary>
/// 根据商品名称获取商品列表
/// </summary>
/// <param name="goodsType">商品类型</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<GoodsInfo> FindByName(string goodsName)
{
string sql = string.Format("Name like '%{0}%' or dbo.f_GetPy(Name) like '{0}%' ", goodsName);
return this.Find(sql);
}
/// 根据商品名称获取商品列表
/// </summary>
/// <param name="goodsType">商品类型</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<GoodsInfo> FindByName(string goodsName)
{
string sql = string.Format("Name like '%{0}%' or dbo.f_GetPy(Name) like '{0}%' ", goodsName);
return this.Find(sql);
}
使用例子2（基于Ajax的Web智能提示）：
数据库访问层的代码如下所示：
代码
/// <summary>
/// 获取公司名称
/// </summary>
/// <param name="topCount"></param>
/// <param name="name"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<string> GetTopCompanyName(int topCount, string name)
{
string sql = string.Format(@"Select * from (Select Company_Name from tb_enterprise where Company_Name like '%{1}%' or F_PINYIN(Company_Name) like '%{1}%' )
WHERE ROWNUM <= {0} ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC", topCount, name);
DataTable dt = SqlTable(sql);
List<string> list = new List<string>();
foreach (DataRow row in dt.Rows)
{
list.Add(row[0].ToString());
}
return list;
}
/// 获取公司名称
/// </summary>
/// <param name="topCount"></param>
/// <param name="name"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<string> GetTopCompanyName(int topCount, string name)
{
string sql = string.Format(@"Select * from (Select Company_Name from tb_enterprise where Company_Name like '%{1}%' or F_PINYIN(Company_Name) like '%{1}%' )
WHERE ROWNUM <= {0} ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC", topCount, name);
DataTable dt = SqlTable(sql);
List<string> list = new List<string>();
foreach (DataRow row in dt.Rows)
{
list.Add(row[0].ToString());
}
return list;
}
Web前台部分页面如下所示：
代码
<td align="left" style="background-color: #F1F6FF; width: 200px;">
<asp:TextBox ID="txtCompanyName" runat="server" Width="200"></asp:TextBox>
<cc1:AutoCompleteExtraExtender ID="AutoCompleteExtraExtender1" runat="server" ServiceMethod="GetCompanyNameList"
TargetControlID="txtCompanyName" AsyncPostback="false" UseContextKey="True" AutoPostback="true"
MinimumPrefixLength="2" CompletionInterval="10" OnItemSelected="AutoCompleteExtraExtender1_ItemSelected">
</cc1:AutoCompleteExtraExtender>
</td>
<asp:TextBox ID="txtCompanyName" runat="server" Width="200"></asp:TextBox>
<cc1:AutoCompleteExtraExtender ID="AutoCompleteExtraExtender1" runat="server" ServiceMethod="GetCompanyNameList"
TargetControlID="txtCompanyName" AsyncPostback="false" UseContextKey="True" AutoPostback="true"
MinimumPrefixLength="2" CompletionInterval="10" OnItemSelected="AutoCompleteExtraExtender1_ItemSelected">
</cc1:AutoCompleteExtraExtender>
</td>
Web后台页面的代码如下所示：
代码
[System.Web.Services.WebMethodAttribute(), System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptMethodAttribute()]
public static string[][] GetCompanyNameList(string prefixText, int count, string contextKey)
{
//获取自动完成的选项数据
List<string[]> list = new List<string[]>();
List<string> nameList = BLLFactory<Enterprise>.Instance.GetTopCompanyName(count, prefixText.ToUpper());
for (int i = 0; i < nameList.Count; i++)
{
string[] Respuesta = new string[2];
Respuesta[0] = nameList[i];
Respuesta[1] = i.ToString();
list.Add(Respuesta);
}
return list.ToArray();
}
protected void AutoCompleteExtraExtender1_ItemSelected(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//TextBox txtCompanyName = FindControl(this.AutoCompleteExtraExtender1.TargetControlID) as TextBox;
//string companyName = txtCompanyName.Text;
//根据用户选项更新显示相关内容
BindData();
}
public static string[][] GetCompanyNameList(string prefixText, int count, string contextKey)
{
//获取自动完成的选项数据
List<string[]> list = new List<string[]>();
List<string> nameList = BLLFactory<Enterprise>.Instance.GetTopCompanyName(count, prefixText.ToUpper());
for (int i = 0; i < nameList.Count; i++)
{
string[] Respuesta = new string[2];
Respuesta[0] = nameList[i];
Respuesta[1] = i.ToString();
list.Add(Respuesta);
}
return list.ToArray();
}
protected void AutoCompleteExtraExtender1_ItemSelected(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//TextBox txtCompanyName = FindControl(this.AutoCompleteExtraExtender1.TargetControlID) as TextBox;
//string companyName = txtCompanyName.Text;
//根据用户选项更新显示相关内容
BindData();
}
这样就可以，在界面上输入几个简单的英文字符或者中文名称，就会有智能提示的列表出现，选择其中一个可以显示相关的信息了。
由于在Web开发中，为了实现Ajax的智能提示效果，需要一个特殊的类库，地址如下所示：https://files.cnblogs.com/wuhuacong/AutoCompleteExtra.rar
主要研究技术：代码生成工具、Visio二次开发
