CentOS 7 安装配置MySQL

环境

• CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
• MySQL：mysql80-community-release-el7-1

检查：

在centos7中默认的是mariadb，先检查系统中是否有MySQL的安装

rpm -qa | grep mysql 

[linga@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | grep mysql
[linga@localhost ~]$ 

这里返回空值，说明是没有安装源

下载安装MySQL源

先进入本机的源文件目录：

cd /usr/local/src

下载MySQL的reop源（这里用的是MySQL8.0版本的，官网介绍说比7.0块2倍）：

weget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm

安装rpm包：

安装MySQL

使用yum源来安装mysql-server：

yum install -y mysql-server

启动mysql服务：

systemctl start mysqld

设置开机启动MySQL服务：

systemctl enable mysqld

修改root本地登录密码

在日志中查找密码

mysql安装完成之后，在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到root默认密码：

cat /var/log/mysqld.log

[linga@localhost ~]$ cat /var/log/mysqld.log I grep temporary
[linga@localhost ~]$ 2018-08-28T14:51:41.543460Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: S0rlNA:RDvu#

找到默认密码是：S0rlNA:RDvu#，然后登陆数据库：

mysql -u root -p

修改密码

输入找到的默认密码，如果要操作数据库时提示：

mysql> use mysql;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

提示通过使用ALTER USER 语法来修改密码:

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxxxxxxxxx';        

或者：

set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('xxxxxxxxxx'); 

注意：

mysql5.7默认安装了密码安全检查插件（validate_password），默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含：大小写字母、数字和特殊符号，并且长度不能少于8位。否则会提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements错误

通过msyql环境变量可以查看密码策略的相关信息：

show variables like '%password%';

mysql> show variables like '%password%';
+----------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name                                | Value           |
+----------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| caching_sha2_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys | ON              |
| caching_sha2_password_private_key_path       | private_key.pem |
| caching_sha2_password_public_key_path        | public_key.pem  |
| default_password_lifetime                    | 0               |
| disconnect_on_expired_password               | ON              |
| mysql_native_password_proxy_users            | OFF             |
| password_history                             | 0               |
| password_reuse_interval                      | 0               |
| report_password                              |                 |
| sha256_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys       | ON              |
| sha256_password_private_key_path             | private_key.pem |
| sha256_password_proxy_users                  | OFF             |
| sha256_password_public_key_path              | public_key.pem  |
| validate_password.check_user_name            | ON              |
| validate_password.dictionary_file            |                 |
| validate_password.length                     | 8               |
| validate_password.mixed_case_count           | 1               |
| validate_password.number_count               | 1               |
| validate_password.policy                     | MEDIUM          |
| validate_password.special_char_count         | 1               |
+----------------------------------------------+-----------------+
20 rows in set (0.01 sec)

其中：

• validate_password_policy：密码策略，默认为MEDIUM策略
• validate_password_dictionary_file：密码策略文件，策略为STRONG才需要
• validate_password_length：密码最少长度
• validate_password_mixed_case_count：大小写字符长度，至少1个
• validate_password_number_count ：数字至少1个
• validate_password_special_char_count：特殊字符至少1个

上述参数是默认策略MEDIUM的密码检查规则。

共有以下几种密码策略：

策略	检查规
0 or LOW Length;	None
1 or MEDIUM Length;	numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters
2 or STRONG Length;	lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file

MySQL官网密码策略详细说明：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/validate-password-options-variables.html#sysvar_validate_password_policy

修改密码策略：

在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置，指定密码策略

选择0（LOW），1（MEDIUM），2（STRONG）其中一种，选择2需要提供密码字典文件

• validate_password_policy=0

如果不需要密码策略，添加my.cnf文件中添加如下配置禁用即可：

• validate_password = off

重新启动mysql服务使配置生效：

systemctl restart mysqld

添加远程登陆用户：

默认只允许root帐户在本地登录，如果要在其它机器上连接mysql，必须修改root允许远程连接，或者添加一个允许远程连接的帐户，为了安全起见，我添加一个新的帐户：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'yangxin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Yangxin0917!' WITH GRANT OPTION;

配置默认编码为utf8：

修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件，在[mysqld]下添加编码配置，如下所示：

[linga@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
 
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging
# Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by
# default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog
# disable_log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
#
# Remove leading # to revert to previous value for default_authentication_plugin,
# this will increase compatibility with older clients. For background, see:
# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_authentication_plugin
# default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
 
# This is manual addition at 2018/8/28 23:55
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
 
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
 
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

重启mysql服务：

systemctl restart mysqld

看数据库默认编码:

mysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                          |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_database   | utf8                           |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                         |
| character_set_results    | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_server     | utf8                           |
| character_set_system     | utf8                           |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql-8.0/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

默认配置文件路径：

• 配置文件：/etc/my.cnf
• 日志文件：/var/log//var/log/mysqld.log
• 服务启动脚本：/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
• socket文件：/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid