从零开始学JAVA(08)-使用SpringMVC4 Restful 风格引用静态文件 css/js/png

在写完helloworld后想给网页加点样式(*.css),结果怎么也显示不了,百度了很多种方法后试行尝试,试验成功并记录下来,方便以后查看。

时隔两年,继续学习JAVA,太久没学了,忘记得差不多,还好以前写的helloworld,还能用。

一、关于开发环境

  1. eclipse-jee-neon-1a-win32
  2. Jdk 1.8u112 (32位版本)
  3. SpringMVC 4.3.4.RELEASE
  4. apache-tomcat-8.5.8

二、helloworld.jsp文件中的引用的样式表为 style.css 放在res/css文件夹中

<link rel="stylesheet" href="res/css/style.css">

 

三、加载静态资源 方法一

  引用上一章的代码(http://www.cnblogs.com/lin557/p/4305405.html),需要修改web.xml与mydispatcher-servlet.xml两个文件,

  原文件内容如下:

  web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
 
    <display-name>Spring MVC</display-name>
 
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>mydispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>
            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
 
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>mydispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
 
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/mydispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
 
    <listener>    
        <listener-class>
            org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
        </listener-class>
    </listener>
</web-app>

修改为:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
 
    <display-name>Spring MVC</display-name>
 
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>mydispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>
            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>mydispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
 
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/mydispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    
    <!-- 使用默认的方式进行处理 -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
 
    <listener>    
        <listener-class>
            org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
        </listener-class>
    </listener>
</web-app>

这里增加了*.css的处理

    <!-- 使用默认的方式进行处理 -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

当然可以换成别的,比如说*.js,*.png....等等,方法如下:

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>
        <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>
        <url-pattern>*.png</url-pattern>
        <url-pattern>*.gif</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

配置完web.xml,还需要修改mydispatcher-servlet.xml,启用default-servlet-handler

mydispatcher-servlet.xml 原文如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
       
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.web.controller" />
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix">
            <value>/WEB-INF/views/</value>
        </property>
        <property name="suffix">
            <value>.jsp</value>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

修改为:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
    <!-- 默认的注解映射的支持 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!-- 对静态资源文件的访问  -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
       
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.web.controller" />
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix">
            <value>/WEB-INF/views/</value>
        </property>
        <property name="suffix">
            <value>.jsp</value>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

最后:需要把静态文件(css,jsp,png,gif)放在根目录(WebContent或WebRoot)下才能被成功被页面引用。这种方法只能指向根目录(我不知道是否可以换成其他目录),如果要支持多种类型的文件,需要在web.xml里进行多次配置,否则会出现404的错误提示。

此方法目标结构为:

四、加载静态资源 方法二

web.xml保持不变,且不能有第一种方法中的代码

    <!-- 使用默认的方式进行处理 这里不能出现 不然会出问题 -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
 
    <display-name>Spring MVC</display-name>
 
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>mydispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>
            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>mydispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
 
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/mydispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
 
    <listener>    
        <listener-class>
            org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
        </listener-class>
    </listener>
</web-app>

修改mydispatcher-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
    <!-- 默认的注解映射的支持 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    
    <mvc:resources mapping="/res/**" location="/WEB-INF/res/" cache-period="31556926"/>
       
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.web.controller" />
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix">
            <value>/WEB-INF/views/</value>
        </property>
        <property name="suffix">
            <value>.jsp</value>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

这种方法优点在于不需要额外的配置,只要把静态文件(css/js/png/jpg/gif等等)放在res文件夹中,都能可以直接调用。而且可以指定目录的位置。

此方法目录结构为

五、总结

  从初学者的角度看,方法二感觉比较方便。

 

2016-12-07 by lin

posted on 2016-12-07 23:32  Lin557  阅读(3046)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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