【算法】【python实现】二叉树深度、广度优先遍历

  二叉树的遍历,分为深度优先遍历,以及广度优先遍历。

 

在深度优先遍历中,具体分为如下三种:

  • 先序遍历:先访问根节点,再遍历左子树,再遍历右子树;
  • 中序遍历:先遍历左子树,再访问根节点,再遍历右子树;
  • 后序遍历:先遍历左子树,再遍历右子树,再访问根节点;

 

 

针对上图二叉树,三种遍历结果为:

  • 先序遍历:50,20,15,30,60,70
  • 中序遍历:15,20,30,50,60,70
  • 后序遍历:15,30,20,70,60,50

 

实现代码如下:

# 定义二叉树节点
class TreeNode(object):
    def __init__(self,val,left=None,right=None):
        self.val=val
        self.left=left
        self.right=right

#定义二叉树类
class BinaryTree(object):
    def __init__(self,root=None):
        self.root=root

    def preOrder(self,retList=[],node='root'):
        if node!=None:
            retList.append(node)
            self.preOrder(retList,node.left)    # 递归调用,将左子节点放到列表里  
            self.preOrder(retList,node.right)    # 递归调用,将右节点放到列表里  
        return retList

    def inOrder(self,retList=[],node='root'):
        if node!=None:
            self.inOrder(retList,node.left)
            retList.append(node)
            self.inOrder(retList,node.right)
        return retList
    def postOrder(self,retList=[],node='root'):
        if node!=None:
            self.postOrder(retList,node.left)
            self.postOrder(retList,node.right)
            retList.append(node)
        return retList
                     

if __name__=='__main__':
    rootNode=TreeNode(50)
    rootNode.left = TreeNode(20,left=TreeNode(15),right=TreeNode(30))
    rootNode.right = TreeNode(60,right=TreeNode(70))
    binaryTree=BinaryTree(rootNode)
    ret = binaryTree.preOrder([],binaryTree.root)
    for i in ret:
        print(i.val,end='.')
    print('\n'+'-'*20)
    ret = binaryTree.inOrder([],binaryTree.root)
    for i in ret:
        print(i.val,end='.')
    print('\n'+'-'*20)
    ret = binaryTree.postOrder([],binaryTree.root)
    for i in ret:
        print(i.val,end='.')
    

  

 广度优先遍历:从根节点出发,在横向遍历二叉树层段节点的基础上纵向遍历二叉树的层次。

 

上图二叉树遍历结果为:50,20,60,15,30,70

实现代码如下:

from queue import Queue

class TreeNode(object):
    def __init__(self,var,left=None,right=None):
        self.var = var
        self.left = left
        self.right = right

class BinaryTree(object):
    def __init__(self,root = None):
        self.root = root

    def breathSearth(self):
        if self.root == None:
            return None
        retList = []
        queue = Queue()
        queue.put(self.root)
        while queue.empty() is not True:
            node = queue.get()
            retList.append(node.var)
            if node.left != None:
                queue.put(node.left)
            if node.right != None:
                queue.put(node.right)
        return retList

  

 

posted @ 2019-02-18 18:42  LiliP  阅读(748)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报