flask 简易验证码
1.验证码生成器
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author: Lai
import random
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter
from io import BytesIO
from flask import Flask, session, request
_letter_cases = "abcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxy" # 小写字母，去除可能干扰的i，l，o，z
_upper_cases = _letter_cases.upper() # 大写字母
_numbers = ''.join(map(str, range(10))) # 数字
init_chars = ''.join((_letter_cases, _upper_cases, _numbers))
def create_validate_code(size=(120, 30),
chars=init_chars,
img_type="GIF",
mode="RGB",
bg_color=(230, 230, 230),
fg_color=(18, 18, 18),
font_size=20,
font_type='C:\Windows\Fonts\Arial.ttf',
length=4,
draw_lines=True,
n_line=(1, 2),
draw_points=True,
point_chance=1):
'''
@todo: 生成验证码图片
@param size: 图片的大小，格式（宽，高），默认为(120, 30)
@param chars: 允许的字符集合，格式字符串
@param img_type: 图片保存的格式，默认为GIF，可选的为GIF，JPEG，TIFF，PNG
@param mode: 图片模式，默认为RGB
@param bg_color: 背景颜色，默认为白色
@param fg_color: 前景色，验证码字符颜色，默认为蓝色#0000FF
@param font_size: 验证码字体大小
@param font_type: 验证码字体的详细路径，默认为 ae_AlArabiya.ttf
@param length: 验证码字符个数
@param draw_lines: 是否划干扰线
@param n_lines: 干扰线的条数范围，格式元组，默认为(1, 2)，只有draw_lines为True时有效
@param draw_points: 是否画干扰点
@param point_chance: 干扰点出现的概率，大小范围[0, 100]
@return: [0]: PIL Image实例
@return: [1]: 验证码图片中的字符串
'''
width, height = size # 宽， 高
img = Image.new(mode, size, bg_color) # 创建图形
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img) # 创建画笔
def get_chars():
'''生成给定长度的字符串，返回列表格式'''
return random.sample(chars, length)
def create_lines():
'''绘制干扰线'''
line_num = random.randint(*n_line) # 干扰线条数
for i in range(line_num):
# 起始点
begin = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))
# 结束点
end = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))
draw.line([begin, end], fill=(0, 0, 0))
def create_points():
'''绘制干扰点'''
chance = min(100, max(0, int(point_chance))) # 大小限制在[0, 100]
for w in range(width):
for h in range(height):
tmp = random.randint(0, 100)
if tmp > 100 - chance:
draw.point((w, h), fill=(0, 0, 0))
def create_strs():
'''绘制验证码字符'''
c_chars = get_chars()
strs = ' %s ' % ' '.join(c_chars) # 每个字符前后以空格隔开
font = ImageFont.truetype(font_type, font_size)
font_width, font_height = font.getsize(strs)
draw.text(((width - font_width) / 3, (height - font_height) / 3),
strs, font=font, fill=fg_color)
return ''.join(c_chars)
if draw_lines:
create_lines()
if draw_points:
create_points()
strs = create_strs()
# 图形扭曲参数
params = [1 - float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 100,
0,
0,
0,
1 - float(random.randint(1, 10)) / 100,
float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500,
0.001,
float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500
]
img = img.transform(size, Image.PERSPECTIVE, params) # 创建扭曲
img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE) # 滤镜，边界加强（阈值更大）
return img, strs
2.views.py要显示生成验证码图片路径
@test1.route('/code/')
def code():
from app.extra.code import create_validate_code
code_img, strs = create_validate_code()
buf = BytesIO()
code_img.save(buf, 'jpeg')
buf_str = buf.getvalue()
response = make_response(buf_str)
response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'image/jpeg'
session['img'] = strs.upper()
return response
3.在login.html中
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="{{ url_for('test1.login') }}" method="post">
<p><input type="text" placeholder="邮箱"></p>
<p><input type="password" placeholder="密码"></p>
<p><input type="text" placeholder="验证码"></p>
<p><img id="code" src="{{ url_for('test1.code') }}" onclick="ajax1()"></p>
<p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript" src="{{ url_for('static', filename='js/jquery.js') }}"></script>
<script>
# 方法一
function fresh_code() {
location.href="{{ url_for('test1.login') }}";
}
方法二
{# $(document).ready(function () {#}
{# $("#code").click(function () {#}
{# $.ajax({#}
{# type: "GET",#}
{# url: "{{ url_for('test1.code') }}",#}
{# async: true,#}
{# success: function (data) {#}
{# console.log(data);#}
{# $("#code").attr("src", "{{ url_for('test1.code') }}?"+Math.random())#}
{# }#}
{# })#}
{# })#}
{# })#}
方法三
function ajax1() {
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('GET', '{{ url_for('test1.code') }}', true);
xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
if(xhr.readyState == 4){
{# console.log(xhr.responseText);#}
$('#code').attr('src', '{{ url_for('test1.code') }}?'+Math.random())
}
};
xhr.send();
}
</script>
</html>
4.之后就比较session.get('img')中 和form验证码中的值
