线程池小结

一：线程池使用Executors的方法来生成我们需要的线程池：

java提供了四种线程池的实现：

     （1）newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池，如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程。

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                  60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                  new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                  60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                  new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
                                  threadFactory);
}

     （2）newFixedThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池，可控制线程最大并发数，超出的线程会在队列中等待。

public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                  0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                  new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}

public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                  0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                  new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
                                  threadFactory);
}

     （3）newScheduledThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行。（jdk1.8现在是通过ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor来产生这种类型的线程池）

public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
    return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
}

public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(
        int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
    return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, threadFactory);
}

public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                                   ThreadFactory threadFactory,
                                   RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
    super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
          new DelayedWorkQueue(), threadFactory, handler);
}

     （4）newSingleThreadExecutor 创建一个单线程化的线程池，它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务，保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。

public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
    return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
        (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}

public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
    return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
        (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
                                threadFactory));
}

 

二：ThreadPoolExecutor的构造方法各构造参数解析：

1、corePoolSize：线程池的核心线程数，说白了就是，即便是线程池里没有任何任务，也会有corePoolSize个线程在候着等任务。

2、maximumPoolSize:最大线程数，不管你提交多少任务，线程池里最多工作线程数就是maximumPoolSize。

3、keepAliveTime:线程的存活时间。当线程池里的线程数大于corePoolSize时，如果等了keepAliveTime时长还没有任务可执行，则线程退出。

4、unit：这个用来指定keepAliveTime的单位，比如秒:TimeUnit.SECONDS。

5、workQueue：一个阻塞队列，提交的任务将会被放到这个队列里。

6、threadFactory：线程工厂，用来创建线程，主要是为了给线程起名字，默认工厂的线程名字：pool-1-thread-1。

7、handler：拒绝策略，当线程池里线程被耗尽，且队列也满了的时候会调用。
构造方法如下：

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                          int maximumPoolSize,
                          long keepAliveTime,
                          TimeUnit unit,
                          BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
    this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
         Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
}

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                          int maximumPoolSize,
                          long keepAliveTime,
                          TimeUnit unit,
                          BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                          ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
    this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
         threadFactory, defaultHandler);
}

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                          int maximumPoolSize,
                          long keepAliveTime,
                          TimeUnit unit,
                          BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                          RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
    this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
         Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), handler);
}

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                          int maximumPoolSize,
                          long keepAliveTime,
                          TimeUnit unit,
                          BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                          ThreadFactory threadFactory,
                          RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
    if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
        maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
        maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
        keepAliveTime < 0)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
        throw new NullPointerException();
    this.acc = System.getSecurityManager() == null ?
            null :
            AccessController.getContext();
    this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
    this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
    this.workQueue = workQueue;
    this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
    this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
    this.handler = handler;
}

三：一个任务来的的时候，线程池执行过程

线程池任务执行流程：

1. 当线程池小于corePoolSize时，新提交任务将创建一个新线程执行任务，即使此时线程池中存在空闲线程。
2. 当线程池达到corePoolSize时，新提交任务将被放入workQueue中，等待线程池中任务调度执行
3. 当workQueue已满，且maximumPoolSize>corePoolSize时，新提交任务会创建新线程执行任务
4. 当提交任务数超过maximumPoolSize时，新提交任务由RejectedExecutionHandler处理
5. 当线程池中超过corePoolSize线程，空闲时间达到keepAliveTime时，关闭空闲线程
6. 当设置allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true)时，线程池中corePoolSize线程空闲时间达到keepAliveTime也将关闭

备注：

一般如果线程池任务队列采用LinkedBlockingQueue队列的话，那么不会拒绝任何任务（因为队列大小没有限制），这种情况下，ThreadPoolExecutor最多仅会按照最小线程数来创建线程，也就是说线程池大小被忽略了。

如果线程池任务队列采用ArrayBlockingQueue队列的话，那么ThreadPoolExecutor将会采取一个非常负责的算法，比如假定线程池的最小线程数为4，最大为8所用的ArrayBlockingQueue最大为10。随着任务到达并被放到队列中，线程池中最多运行4个线程（即最小线程数）。即使队列完全填满，也就是说有10个处于等待状态的任务，ThreadPoolExecutor也只会利用4个线程。如果队列已满，而又有新任务进来，此时才会启动一个新线程，这里不会因为队列已满而拒接该任务，相反会启动一个新线程。新线程会运行队列中的第一个任务，为新来的任务腾出空间。

这个算法背后的理念是：该池大部分时间仅使用核心线程（4个），即使有适量的任务在队列中等待运行。这时线程池就可以用作节流阀。如果挤压的请求变得非常多，这时该池就会尝试运行更多的线程来清理；这时第二个节流阀—最大线程数就起作用了。

四：拒绝策略

1、AbortPolicy

为Java线程池默认的阻塞策略，不执行此任务，而且直接抛出一个运行时异常，切记ThreadPoolExecutor.execute需要try catch，否则程序会直接退出。

2、DiscardPolicy

直接抛弃，任务不执行，空方法

3、DiscardOldestPolicy

从队列里面抛弃head的一个任务，并再次execute 此task。

4、CallerRunsPolicy

在调用execute的线程里面执行此command，会阻塞入口

5、用户自定义拒绝策略（最常用）

实现RejectedExecutionHandler，并自己定义策略模式

 代码：

public static class CallerRunsPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
    /**
     * Creates a {@code CallerRunsPolicy}.
     */
    public CallerRunsPolicy() { }

    /**
     * Executes task r in the caller's thread, unless the executor
     * has been shut down, in which case the task is discarded.
     *
     * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
     * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
     */
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        if (!e.isShutdown()) {
            r.run();
        }
    }
}

/**
 * A handler for rejected tasks that throws a
 * {@code RejectedExecutionException}.
 */
public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
    /**
     * Creates an {@code AbortPolicy}.
     */
    public AbortPolicy() { }

    /**
     * Always throws RejectedExecutionException.
     *
     * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
     * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException always
     */
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +
                                             " rejected from " +
                                             e.toString());
    }
}

/**
 * A handler for rejected tasks that silently discards the
 * rejected task.
 */
public static class DiscardPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
    /**
     * Creates a {@code DiscardPolicy}.
     */
    public DiscardPolicy() { }

    /**
     * Does nothing, which has the effect of discarding task r.
     *
     * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
     * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
     */
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
    }
}

/**
 * A handler for rejected tasks that discards the oldest unhandled
 * request and then retries {@code execute}, unless the executor
 * is shut down, in which case the task is discarded.
 */
public static class DiscardOldestPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
    /**
     * Creates a {@code DiscardOldestPolicy} for the given executor.
     */
    public DiscardOldestPolicy() { }

    /**
     * Obtains and ignores the next task that the executor
     * would otherwise execute, if one is immediately available,
     * and then retries execution of task r, unless the executor
     * is shut down, in which case task r is instead discarded.
     *
     * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
     * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
     */
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        if (!e.isShutdown()) {
            e.getQueue().poll();
            e.execute(r);
        }
    }
}

结尾：参考文档
https://blog.csdn.net/lchq1995/article/details/85230399
https://blog.csdn.net/u013276277/article/details/78530322