Java网络编程笔记
网络编程
概述
就是用来实现网络互连的不同计算机上运行的程序间可以进行数据交
计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台。。。传播交流信息,数据交换。通信
想要达到这个效果需要的是什么:
- 如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机 192.168.xxx.xxx:端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
- 找到了这个主机,如何传输数据?
javaweb:网页编程 B/S
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方地址:
- IP
- 端口号
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型
我们的重点是 传输层 TCP UDP
小结:
- 网络编程中有两个主要的问题:
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
- 网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号 我们要学习 ip.
- 网络通信协议 我们要学习 udp tcp.
- java中万物皆对象
IP
ip地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上计算机
-
127.0.0.1: 本机 localhost
-
ip地址的分类
-
ipv4/ipv6(ipconfig)
- IPV4:127.0.0.1 ,4个字节组成, 0~255,42亿 亚洲4E 30E在北美 2011你就用完了
- IPV6:fe80::dcaa:44a6:7a3b:6758%16 ,128位。8个无符号整数!
-
公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
- 19.168.xx.xx 专门给组织内部使用的
- ABCD类地址
-
-
域名:记忆IP问题!
- IP:www.jd.con
练习代码:
package com.lijinyu.lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本地地址
InetAddress inetAddress01 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress01);
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress01);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress01);
//查询白度id地址
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName()); //规范名
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件
-
一般端口被规定0~65535
-
TCP,UDP:65535*2 tcp:80那么udp:80可以用嘛?---不能。 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
公有端口0~1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
-
程序注册端口:1024~49151,用来分配给用户或者程序的
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
-
动态、私有端口:49152~65535
Doc命令:
netstat -ano # 查看所有的端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900/xx" # 查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr "8696/xx" # 查看指定端口的进程 查看任务进程管理器快捷键的其中一种:ctrl+shift+Esc
-
练习代码:
package com.lijinyu.lesson01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
// 查询端口等
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName()); //地址
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort()); //端口
}
}
通信协议
协议:约定,好让我们能够交流
** 网络通信协议:**速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制......
问题:非常的复杂。
大事化小:分层概念!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议 (比如打电话,交流)
- UDP:用户数据报协议(比如邮件等。)
出名的协议:
- TCP
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP udp 对比:
TCP:就相当于打电话
-
连接,稳定
-
三次握手
四次挥手
# 至少三次对话才能握手有交流
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接!
A:你瞅啥?
B:瞅你咋地?
A:干一场!
# 至少四次挥手,才能保证断开了
A:我要走了
B:我真的你要走了
B:你真的真的走了吗
A:我真的要走了。
- 客户端、服务端
- 传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:就像是发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你..
- 就如导弹攻击
- DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)
TCP
客户端
-
连接服务器 Socket
-
发送消息
package com.lijinyu.lesson02; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.UnknownHostException; //客户端 public class TcpClientDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { Socket socket = null; OutputStream os = null; try { //1.要知道服务器的地址 InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); //2.端口号 int port = 9999; //3.创建一个socket连接 socket = new Socket(serverIP, port); //4.发送消息 IO流 os = socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("你好,欢迎学习狂神说".getBytes()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (socket != null) { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (os != null) { try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
服务器
- 建立服务端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的连接 accept
- 接收用户的消息
package com.lijinyu.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务器
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket=null;
Socket socket =null;
InputStream is=null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos=null;
try {
//我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2. 等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
// 3.读取客户端的消息
is=socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if(baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务端:
package com.lijinyu.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 创建服务(端口)
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端:
package com.lijinyu.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端
public class TcoClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.01"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("李晋宇.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知服务器,我结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//传输完了
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
// String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[2014];
int len2;
while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer2, 0, len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
socket.close();
os.close();
fis.close();
}
}
Tomcat
运行Tomcat之前要把Java环境配置好了才可以。
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务器S
客户端
- 自定义C
- 浏览器B
UDP消息发送
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址!
接收端:
package com.lijinyu.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的连接!
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞接收
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
socket.close();
}
}
发送端:
package com.lijinyu.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好,服务器";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据,数据长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//关闭
socket.close();
}
}
UDP聊天实现(循环发送接收消息)
发送消息:
package com.lijinyu.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取System,in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收消息:
package com.lijinyu.chat;
import javax.xml.stream.FactoryConfigurationError;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true) {
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞试接受包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
UDP多线程在线咨询
在线咨询,两个人都可以是发送方,也都可以是接收方
接收:
package com.lijinyu.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port, String masFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = masFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public TalkReceive(DatagramSocket socket) {
this.socket = socket;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
//准备接受包裹
try {
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞试接受包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
发送
package com.lijinyu.chat;
import javax.sound.sampled.Port;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public TalkSend() {
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
老师与学生
package com.lijinyu.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "老师")).start();
}
}
package com.lijinyu.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "学生 ")).start();
}
}
URL
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析 www.baidu.com xxx.xxx.xxx
协议://ip地址:端口号/项目名/资源
浏览本机
package com.lijinyu.lesson04;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=lijinyu&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost()); //主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
}
下载资源:(url那里可以换成网上找的)
package com.lijinyu.lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/lijinyu/SecurityFile.txt");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("SecurityFile.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);//写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}
}