python中的单例模式的应用

1 使用__new__方法

class Singleton(object):
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
        if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
            orig = super(Singleton, cls)
            cls._instance = orig.__new__(cls, *args, **kw)
        return cls._instance

class MyClass(Singleton):
    a = 1

 

2 共享属性

创建实例时把所有实例的__dict__指向同一个字典,这样它们具有相同的属性和方法.

class Borg(object):

    _state = {}

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):

        ob = super(Borg, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kw)

        ob.__dict__ = cls._state

        return ob

 

class MyClass2(Borg):

    a = 1

 

3 装饰器版本

def singleton(cls, *args, **kw):
    instances = {}
    def getinstance():
        if cls not in instances:
            instances[cls] = cls(*args, **kw)
        return instances[cls]
    return getinstance

@singleton
class MyClass:
  ...

 

4:import版本

作为python的模块是天然的单例模式

# mysingleton.py
class My_Singleton(object):
    def foo(self):
        pass

my_singleton = My_Singleton()

# to use
from mysingleton import my_singleton

my_singleton.foo()