jdbc入门

之前操作数据

      1)通过mysql的client工具,登录数据库server  (mysql -u root -p 密码)
      2)编写sql语句
      3)发送sql语句到数据库server运行

什么是jdbc?

     使用java代码(程序)发送sql语句的技术,就是jdbc技术。!

使用jdbc发送sql前提

    登录数据库server(连接数据库server)
        数据库的IP地址
        端口
        数据库username
        密码
package gz.itcast.a_jdbc;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Driver;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.util.Properties;

import org.junit.Test;
/**
 * jdbc连接数据库
 * @author APPle
 *
 */
public class Demo1 {
    //连接数据库的URL
    private String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day17";
                        // jdbc协议:数据库子协议:主机:端口/连接的数据库   //

    private String user = "root";//username
    private String password = "root";//密码

    /**
     * 第一种方法
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void test1() throws Exception{
        //1.创建驱动程序类对象
        Driver driver = new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver(); //新版本号
        //Driver driver = new org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver(); //旧版本号

        //设置username与password
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.setProperty("user", user);
        props.setProperty("password", password);

        //2.连接数据库,返回连接对象
        Connection conn = driver.connect(url, props);

        System.out.println(conn);
    }

    /**
     * 另外一种方法
     * 使用驱动管理器类连接数据库(注冊了两次。不是必需。为什么注冊了两次。请看Driver类的源码)
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void test2() throws Exception{
        Driver driver = new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver();
        //Driver driver2 = new com.oracle.jdbc.Driver();
        //1.注冊驱动程序(能够注冊多个驱动程序)
        DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
        //DriverManager.registerDriver(driver2);

        //2.连接到详细的数据库
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        System.out.println(conn);

    }

    /**
     * (推荐使用这样的方式连接数据库)
     * 推荐使用载入驱动程序类  来 注冊驱动程序 
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void test3() throws Exception{
        //1.通过得到字节码对象的方式载入静态代码块。从而注冊驱动程序
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");     
        //2.连接到详细的数据库
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        System.out.println(conn);

    }

}

Driver源码:

public class Driver extends NonRegisteringDriver implements java.sql.Driver {

    static {
        try {
            java.sql.DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver()); //此处直接注冊一个驱动
        } catch (SQLException E) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");
        }
    }

    public Driver() throws SQLException {
        // Required for Class.forName().newInstance()
    }
}

JDBC接口核心的API

    java.sql.*   和  javax.sql.*

    |- Driver接口: 表示java驱动程序接口。全部的详细的数据库厂商要来实现此接口。

|- connect(url, properties): 连接数据库的方法。

url: 连接数据库的URL URL语法: jdbc协议:数据库子协议://主机:端口/数据库 user: 数据库的username password: 数据库用户密码 |- DriverManager类: 驱动管理器类,用于管理全部注冊的驱动程序 |-registerDriver(driver) : 注冊驱动类对象 |-Connection getConnection(url,user,password); 获取连接对象 |- Connection接口: 表示java程序和数据库的连接对象。 |- Statement createStatement() : 创建Statement对象 |- PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) 创建PreparedStatement对象 |- CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) 创建CallableStatement对象 |- Statement接口: 用于运行静态的sql语句 |- int executeUpdate(String sql) : 运行静态的更新sql语句(DDL,DML) |- ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) :运行的静态的查询sql语句(DQL) 子接口: |-PreparedStatement接口:用于运行预编译sql语句 |- int executeUpdate() : 运行预编译的更新sql语句(DDL。DML) |-ResultSet executeQuery() : 运行预编译的查询sql语句(DQL) 子接口: |-CallableStatement接口:用于运行存储过程的sql语句(call xxx) |-ResultSet executeQuery() : 调用存储过程的方法 |- ResultSet接口:用于封装查询出来的数据 |- boolean next() : 将光标移动到下一行 |-getXX() : 获取列的值

使用Statement运行sql语句

运行DDL语句

     /**
     * 运行DDL语句(创建表)
     */
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        Statement stmt = null;
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            //1.驱动注冊程序
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

            //2.获取连接对象
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);

            //3.创建Statement
            stmt = conn.createStatement();

            //4.准备sql
            String sql = "CREATE TABLE student(id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,NAME VARCHAR(20),gender VARCHAR(2))";

            //5.发送sql语句,运行sql语句,得到返回结果
            int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

            //6.输出
            System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行!");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally{
            //7.关闭连接(顺序:后打开的先关闭)
            if(stmt!=null)
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            if(conn!=null)
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
        }
    }

运行DML语句

/**
 * 使用Statement运行DML语句
 * @author APPle
 *
 */
public class Demo2 {
    private String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day17";
    private String user = "root";
    private String password = "root";

    /**
     * 添加
     */
    @Test
    public void testInsert(){
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            //通过工具类获取连接对象
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();

            //3.创建Statement对象
            stmt = conn.createStatement();

            //4.sql语句
            String sql = "INSERT INTO student(NAME,gender) VALUES('李四','女')";

            //5.运行sql
            int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

            System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally{
            //关闭资源
            /*if(stmt!=null)
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            if(conn!=null)
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }*/
            JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 改动
     */
    @Test
    public void testUpdate(){
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        //模拟用户输入
        String name = "陈六";
        int id = 3;
        try {
            /*//1.注冊驱动
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

            //2.获取连接对象
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);*/
            //通过工具类获取连接对象
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();

            //3.创建Statement对象
            stmt = conn.createStatement();

            //4.sql语句
            String sql = "UPDATE student SET NAME='"+name+"' WHERE id="+id+"";

            System.out.println(sql);

            //5.运行sql
            int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

            System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally{
            //关闭资源
            /*if(stmt!=null)
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            if(conn!=null)
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }*/
            JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 删除
     */
    @Test
    public void testDelete(){
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        //模拟用户输入
        int id = 3;
        try {
            /*//1.注冊驱动
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

            //2.获取连接对象
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);*/
            //通过工具类获取连接对象
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();

            //3.创建Statement对象
            stmt = conn.createStatement();

            //4.sql语句
            String sql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE id="+id+"";

            System.out.println(sql);

            //5.运行sql
            int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

            System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally{
            //关闭资源
            /*if(stmt!=null)
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            if(conn!=null)
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }*/
            JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
        }
    }
}

运行DQL语句

这里写图片描写叙述

/**
 * 使用Statement运行DQL语句(查询操作)
 * @author APPle
 */
public class Demo3 {

    @Test
    public void test1(){
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try{
            //获取连接
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            //创建Statement
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            //准备sql
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM student";
            //运行sql
            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

            //移动光标
            /*boolean flag = rs.next();

            flag = rs.next();
            flag = rs.next();
            if(flag){
                //取出列值
                //索引
                int id = rs.getInt(1);
                String name = rs.getString(2);
                String gender = rs.getString(3);
                System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);

                //列名称
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                String name = rs.getString("name");
                String gender = rs.getString("gender");
                System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
            }*/

            //遍历结果
            while(rs.next()){
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                String name = rs.getString("name");
                String gender = rs.getString("gender");
                System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
            }

        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }finally{
            JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
        }
    }
}

使用PreparedStatement运行sql语句

public class Demo1 {

    /**
     * 添加
     */
    @Test
    public void testInsert() {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement stmt = null;
        try {
            //1.获取连接
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();

            //2.准备预编译的sql
            String sql = "INSERT INTO student(NAME,gender) VALUES(?,?

)"; //?表示一个參数的占位符 //3.运行预编译sql语句(检查语法) stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); //4.设置參数值 /** * 參数一: 參数位置 从1開始 */ stmt.setString(1, "李四"); stmt.setString(2, "男"); //5.发送參数。运行sql int count = stmt.executeUpdate(); System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt); } } /** * 改动 */ @Test public void testUpdate() { Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement stmt = null; try { //1.获取连接 conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection(); //2.准备预编译的sql String sql = "UPDATE student SET NAME=? WHERE id=?"; //?表示一个參数的占位符 //3.运行预编译sql语句(检查语法) stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); //4.设置參数值 /** * 參数一: 參数位置 从1開始 */ stmt.setString(1, "王五"); stmt.setInt(2, 9); //5.发送參数,运行sql int count = stmt.executeUpdate(); System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt); } } /** * 删除 */ @Test public void testDelete() { Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement stmt = null; try { //1.获取连接 conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection(); //2.准备预编译的sql String sql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE id=?"; //?表示一个參数的占位符 //3.运行预编译sql语句(检查语法) stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); //4.设置參数值 /** * 參数一: 參数位置 从1開始 */ stmt.setInt(1, 9); //5.发送參数。运行sql int count = stmt.executeUpdate(); System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt); } } /** * 查询 */ @Test public void testQuery() { Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement stmt = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { //1.获取连接 conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection(); //2.准备预编译的sql String sql = "SELECT * FROM student"; //3.预编译 stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); //4.运行sql rs = stmt.executeQuery(); //5.遍历rs while(rs.next()){ int id = rs.getInt("id"); String name = rs.getString("name"); String gender = rs.getString("gender"); System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { //关闭资源 JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt,rs); } } }

PreparedStatement与Statment差别

1)语法不同:PreparedStatement能够使用预编译的sql,而Statment仅仅能使用静态的sql
2)效率不同: PreparedStatement能够使用sql缓存区,效率比Statment高
3)安全性不同: PreparedStatement能够有效防止sql注入,而Statment不能防止sql注入。

这里写图片描写叙述

用户登录模拟sql注入风险

package gz.itcast.c_prepared;

import gz.itcast.util.JdbcUtil;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;

import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * 模拟用户登录效果
 * @author APPle
 *
 */
public class Demo2 {
    //模拟用户输入
    //private String name = "ericdfdfdfddfd' OR 1=1 -- ";  //这样无论如何都会登陆成功
    private String name = "eric";
    //private String password = "123456dfdfddfdf";
    private String password = "123456";

    /**
     * Statment存在sql被注入的风险
     */
    @Test
    public void testByStatement(){
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            //获取连接
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();

            //创建Statment
            stmt = conn.createStatement();

            //准备sql
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE NAME='"+name+"' AND PASSWORD='"+password+"'";

            //运行sql
            rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

            if(rs.next()){
                //登录成功
                System.out.println("登录成功");
            }else{
                System.out.println("登录失败");
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt ,rs);
        }

    }

    /**
     * PreparedStatement能够有效地防止sql被注入
     */
    @Test
    public void testByPreparedStatement(){
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement stmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            //获取连接
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();

            String sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE NAME=?

AND PASSWORD=?"; //预编译 stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); //设置參数 stmt.setString(1, name); stmt.setString(2, password); //运行sql rs = stmt.executeQuery(); if(rs.next()){ //登录成功 System.out.println("登录成功"); }else{ System.out.println("登录失败"); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt ,rs); } } }

CallableStatement运行存储过程

/**
 * 使用CablleStatement调用存储过程
 * @author APPle
 *
 */
public class Demo1 {

    /**
     * 调用带有输入參数的存储过程
     * CALL pro_findById(4);
     */
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        Connection conn = null;
        CallableStatement stmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            //获取连接
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();

            //准备sql
            String sql = "CALL pro_findById(?

)"; //能够运行预编译的sql //预编译 stmt = conn.prepareCall(sql); //设置输入參数 stmt.setInt(1, 6); //发送參数 rs = stmt.executeQuery(); //注意: 全部调用存储过程的sql语句都是使用executeQuery方法运行。!! //遍历结果 while(rs.next()){ int id = rs.getInt("id"); String name = rs.getString("name"); String gender = rs.getString("gender"); System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt ,rs); } } /** * 运行带有输出參数的存储过程 * CALL pro_findById2(5,@NAME); */ @Test public void test2(){ Connection conn = null; CallableStatement stmt = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { //获取连接 conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection(); //准备sql String sql = "CALL pro_findById2(?,?

)"; //第一个?是输入參数。第二个?是输出參数 //预编译 stmt = conn.prepareCall(sql); //设置输入參数 stmt.setInt(1, 6); //设置输出參数(注冊输出參数) /** * 參数一: 參数位置 * 參数二: 存储过程中的输出參数的jdbc类型 VARCHAR(20) */ stmt.registerOutParameter(2, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); //发送參数,运行 stmt.executeQuery(); //结果不是返回到结果集中,而是返回到输出參数中 //得到输出參数的值 /** * 索引值: 预编译sql中的输出參数的位置 */ String result = stmt.getString(2); //getXX方法专门用于获取存储过程中的输出參数 System.out.println(result); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt ,rs); } } }

类路径读取JdbcUtil的配置文件

package gz.itcast.util;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * jdbc工具类
 * @author APPle
 *
 */
public class JdbcUtil {
    private static String url = null;
    private static String user = null;
    private static String password = null;
    private static String driverClass = null;

    /**
     * 静态代码块中(仅仅载入一次)
     */
    static{
        try {
            //读取db.properties文件
            Properties props = new Properties();
            /**
             *  . 代表java命令运行的文件夹
             *  在java项目下,. java命令的运行文件夹从项目的根文件夹開始
             *  在web项目下。  . java命令的而运行文件夹从tomcat/bin文件夹開始
             *  所以不能使用点.
             */
            //FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("./src/db.properties");

            /**
             * 使用类路径的读取方式
             *  / : 斜杠表示classpath的根文件夹
             *     在java项目下,classpath的根文件夹从bin文件夹開始
             *     在web项目下。classpath的根文件夹从WEB-INF/classes文件夹開始
             */
            InputStream in = JdbcUtil.class.getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");

            //载入文件
            props.load(in);
            //读取信息
            url = props.getProperty("url");
            user = props.getProperty("user");
            password = props.getProperty("password");
            driverClass = props.getProperty("driverClass");


            //注冊驱动程序
            Class.forName(driverClass);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("驱程程序注冊出错");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 抽取获取连接对象的方法
     */
    public static Connection getConnection(){
        try {
            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
            return conn;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }


    /**
     * 释放资源的方法
     */
    public static void close(Connection conn,Statement stmt){
        if(stmt!=null){
            try {
                stmt.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        if(conn!=null){
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }

    public static void close(Connection conn,Statement stmt,ResultSet rs){
        if(rs!=null)
            try {
                rs.close();
            } catch (SQLException e1) {
                e1.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException(e1);
            }
        if(stmt!=null){
            try {
                stmt.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        if(conn!=null){
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }
}