The address where a.out.debug has been loaded is missing以及No symbol "*" in current context原因与解决方法

最近，在debug core的时候，发现p 变量的时候提示“No symbol "*" in current context”，我们的代码使用-g编译的，经查有可能是下列几个原因或解决方法：

使用add-symbol-file将foo.o文件的符号添加至二进制文件中，如下：
(gdb) add-symbol-file XXXX.o #提示The address where xxx has been loaded is missing，所以应该还有其他原因
gdb的版本低于gcc的版本，环境中使用的gcc是4.8.5，gdb是7.6.2，gdb发布之间早于gcc，所以升级gdb到7.10，兼容性可参考https://www.cnblogs.com/zhjh256/p/9367852.html

注：make gdb的时候可能会出现/gdb-7.10/missing: line 81: makeinfo: command not found，makeinfo在textinfo中

yum install texinfo

可能会提示zlib 1.2.3.3缺少，baidu搜下应该就可以解决。

编译7.10过程中，出现异常如下：

ser-unix.c:119:43: warning: 'struct hardwire_ttystate' declared inside parameter list [enabled by default]
 get_tty_state (struct serial *scb, struct hardwire_ttystate *state)
                                           ^
ser-unix.c:119:1: error: conflicting types for 'get_tty_state'
 get_tty_state (struct serial *scb, struct hardwire_ttystate *state)
 ^
ser-unix.c:88:12: note: previous declaration of 'get_tty_state' was here
 static int get_tty_state (struct serial *scb,
            ^
ser-unix.c: In function 'get_tty_state':
ser-unix.c:146:1: warning: no return statement in function returning non-void [-Wreturn-type]
 }
 ^
ser-unix.c: At top level:
ser-unix.c:149:43: warning: 'struct hardwire_ttystate' declared inside parameter list [enabled by default]
 set_tty_state (struct serial *scb, struct hardwire_ttystate *state)
                                           ^
ser-unix.c:149:1: error: conflicting types for 'set_tty_state'
 set_tty_state (struct serial *scb, struct hardwire_ttystate *state)
 ^
ser-unix.c:90:12: note: previous declaration of 'set_tty_state' was here
 static int set_tty_state (struct serial *scb,
            ^
ser-unix.c: In function 'set_tty_state':
ser-unix.c:176:1: warning: no return statement in function returning non-void [-Wreturn-type]
 }
 ^
ser-unix.c: In function 'hardwire_get_tty_state':
ser-unix.c:183:56: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
   state = (struct hardwire_ttystate *) xmalloc (sizeof *state);
                                                        ^
ser-unix.c:185:3: warning: passing argument 2 of 'get_tty_state' from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]
   if (get_tty_state (scb, state))
   ^
ser-unix.c:119:1: note: expected 'struct hardwire_ttystate *' but argument is of type 'struct hardwire_ttystate *'
 get_tty_state (struct serial *scb, struct hardwire_ttystate *state)
 ^
ser-unix.c: In function 'hardwire_copy_tty_state':
ser-unix.c:199:56: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
   state = (struct hardwire_ttystate *) xmalloc (sizeof *state);
                                                        ^
ser-unix.c:200:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
   *state = *(struct hardwire_ttystate *) ttystate;
   ^
ser-unix.c:200:12: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
   *state = *(struct hardwire_ttystate *) ttystate;
            ^
ser-unix.c: In function 'hardwire_set_tty_state':
ser-unix.c:212:3: warning: passing argument 2 of 'set_tty_state' from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]
   return set_tty_state (scb, state);
   ^
ser-unix.c:149:1: note: expected 'struct hardwire_ttystate *' but argument is of type 'struct hardwire_ttystate *'
 set_tty_state (struct serial *scb, struct hardwire_ttystate *state)
 ^
ser-unix.c: In function 'hardwire_noflush_set_tty_state':
ser-unix.c:220:28: error: storage size of 'new_state' isn't known
   struct hardwire_ttystate new_state;
                            ^
ser-unix.c:225:15: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
   new_state = *(struct hardwire_ttystate *) new_ttystate;
               ^
ser-unix.c: In function 'hardwire_drain_output':
ser-unix.c:335:1: warning: no return statement in function returning non-void [-Wreturn-type]

有个帖子说“编译过程中遇到莫名奇妙的报错，例如：ser-unix.c:118:1: error: conflicting types for ‘get_tty_state’，清理干净configure目录，使用root用户安装就好”，试了下不行。

换了一台测试服务器，直接编译，没有报错。

注：上下文中没有符号这个问题除了可能和gdb版本有关系外，还有可能我们要查看的变量的上下文不在给定的栈帧中，也就是不在相关的函数上下文，此时要通过frame N进入指定的帧，如下：