centos默认glibc版本、lsb对应关系

　　最近有些软件要求glibc 2.14+，centos 6.x自带的版本是2.12的，7.6默认是2.17，特查了下glibc 各版本发布时间以及与对应的内核，如下：

　　Complete glibc release history:

Date	Release	Announcement
2017-08-01	GLIBC 2.26	Future release.
2017-02-01	GLIBC 2.25	In development.
2016-08-04	GLIBC 2.24	The GNU C Library version 2.24 is now available
2016-02-19	GLIBC 2.23	The GNU C Library version 2.23 is now available
2015-08-14	GLIBC 2.22	The GNU C Library version 2.22 is now available
2015-02-06	GLIBC 2.21	The GNU C Library version 2.21 is now available
2014-09-08	GLIBC 2.20	The GNU C Library version 2.20 is now available
2014-02-07	GLIBC 2.19	The GNU C Library version 2.19 is now available
2013-08-12	GLIBC 2.18	The GNU C Library version 2.18 is now available
2012-12-25	GLIBC 2.17	The GNU C Library version 2.17 is now available. It follows all relevant standards including ISO C11 and POSIX.1-2008
2012-06-30	GLIBC 2.16	The GNU C Library version 2.16 is now available. It follows all relevant standards including ISO C99 and POSIX.1-2008 POSIX编程手册和linux编程手册的区别，从这里就可以看出，posix在具体的linux发行版上需要c++实现如glibc支持才行
2012-03-21	GLIBC 2.15	GNU libc 2.15 released
2011-10-07	GLIBC 2.14.1
2011-06-01	GLIBC 2.14
2011-02-01	GLIBC 2.13	glibc 2.13
2010-12-13	GLIBC 2.12.2
2010-11-30	GLIBC 2.11.3	glibc-2.11.3 released
2010-08-03	GLIBC 2.12.1
2010-05-19	GLIBC 2.11.2	glibc-2.11.2 released
2010-05-03	GLIBC 2.12	glibc 2.12
2009-12-29	GLIBC 2.11.1	glibc-2.11.1 released
2009-11-16	GLIBC 2.10.2
2009-11-03	GLIBC 2.11	glibc 2.11
2009-05-18	GLIBC 2.10.1
2009-05-09	GLIBC 2.10	2.10 done
2008-11-13	GLIBC 2.9	glibc 2.9
2008-04-12	GLIBC 2.8	glibc 2.8
2007-10-19	GLIBC 2.7	glibc 2.7
2007-07-31	GLIBC 2.6.1	GNU C Library version 2.6.1 release
2007-07-31	GLIBC 2.5.1	GNU C Library version 2.5.1 release
2007-05-17	GLIBC 2.6	glibc 2.6
2006-09-29	GLIBC 2.5	glibc 2.5
2006-03-06	GLIBC 2.4	GNU C Library version 2.4 release
2005-11-04	GLIBC 2.3.6	GNU C Library version 2.3.6 release
2005-04-07	GLIBC 2.3.5	GNU C Library version 2.3.5 release
2004-12-29	GLIBC 2.3.4	GNU C Library version 2.3.4 release
2003-12-01	GLIBC 2.3.3	GNU C Library version 2.3.3 release
2003-02-28	GLIBC 2.3.2	glibc 2.3.2
2002-10-10	GLIBC 2.3.1	glibc 2.3.1
2002-10-02	GLIBC 2.3	glibc 2.3
2002-01-20	GLIBC 2.2.5	glibc 2.2.5
2001-07-27	GLIBC 2.2.4	glibc 2.2.4
2001-04-26	GLIBC 2.2.3	glibc 2.2.3
2001-02-15	GLIBC 2.2.2	glibc 2.2.2
2001-01-13	GLIBC 2.2.1	glibc 2.2.1
2000-11-09	GLIBC 2.2	glibc 2.2
2000-02-24	GLIBC 2.1.3	glibc 2.1.3
1999-09-06	GLIBC 2.1.2	glibc 2.1.2
1999-05-24	GLIBC 2.1.1	glibc 2.1.1
1999-02-03	GLIBC 2.1	glibc 2.1
1997-12-29	GLIBC 2.0.6
1997-08-25	GLIBC 2.0.5
1997-05-27	GLIBC 2.0.4
1997-04-22	GLIBC 2.0.3
1997-03-22	GLIBC 2.0.2
1997-02-04	GLIBC 2.0.1
1997-01-26	GLIBC 2.0
1995-01-16	GLIBC 1.09.5
1994-12-12	GLIBC 1.09.3
1994-12-05	GLIBC 1.09.2
1994-11-06	GLIBC 1.09
1994-11-04	GLIBC 1.08.14
1994-11-01	GLIBC 1.08.13
1994-10-24	GLIBC 1.08.12
1994-10-19	GLIBC 1.08.11
1994-10-11	GLIBC 1.08.10
1994-09-26	GLIBC 1.08.9
1994-09-04	GLIBC 1.08.8
1994-09-01	GLIBC 1.08.7
1994-08-08	GLIBC 1.08.6
1994-08-03	GLIBC 1.08.5
1994-07-29	GLIBC 1.08.4
1994-07-04	GLIBC 1.08.3
1994-06-05	GLIBC 1.08.1
1994-05-21	GLIBC 1.08
1994-05-18	GLIBC 1.07.6
1994-05-03	GLIBC 1.07.5
1994-02-17	GLIBC 1.07.4
1994-02-08	GLIBC 1.07.3
1994-02-05	GLIBC 1.07.2
1994-01-25	GLIBC 1.07.1
1994-01-17	GLIBC 1.07
1994-01-16	GLIBC 1.06.13
1994-01-13	GLIBC 1.06.12
1994-01-11	GLIBC 1.06.11
1994-01-08	GLIBC 1.06.10
1993-12-25	GLIBC 1.06.9
1993-12-21	GLIBC 1.06.8
1993-11-09	GLIBC 1.06.7
1993-08-16	GLIBC 1.06.6
1993-06-29	GLIBC 1.06.4
1993-06-16	GLIBC 1.06.3
1993-05-31	GLIBC 1.06.2
1993-05-27	GLIBC 1.06.1
1993-05-23	GLIBC 1.06
1992-09-24	GLIBC 1.05
1992-09-03	GLIBC 1.04
1992-04-09	GLIBC 1.03
1992-03-20	GLIBC 1.02
1992-03-11	GLIBC 1.01
1992-02-18	GLIBC 1.00
1992-02-17	GLIBC 0.6
1992-02-16	GLIBC 0.5
1992-02-14	GLIBC 0.4.1
1992-02-14	GLIBC 0.4
1991-10-08	GLIBC 0.1
1988-01-01	GLIBC Pre-release	"Most libraries are done." - Roland McGrath

https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Glibc%20Timeline

内核及其对应关系如下：

http://man7.org/tlpi/api_changes/#glibc-2.14

GCC版本发布

Release	Release date
GCC 11.2	July 28, 2021
GCC 9.4	June 1, 2021
GCC 8.5	May 14, 2021
GCC 11.1	April 27, 2021
GCC 10.3	April 8, 2021
GCC 10.2	July 23, 2020
GCC 10.1	May 7, 2020
GCC 9.3	March 12, 2020
GCC 8.4	March 4, 2020
GCC 7.5	November 14, 2019
GCC 9.2	August 12, 2019
GCC 9.1	May 3, 2019
GCC 8.3	February 22, 2019
GCC 7.4	December 6, 2018
GCC 6.5	October 26, 2018
GCC 8.2	July 26, 2018
GCC 8.1	May 2, 2018
GCC 7.3	January 25, 2018
GCC 5.5	October 10, 2017
GCC 7.2	August 14, 2017
GCC 6.4	July 4, 2017
GCC 7.1	May 2, 2017
GCC 6.3	December 21, 2016
GCC 6.2	August 22, 2016
GCC 4.9.4	August 3, 2016
GCC 5.4	June 3, 2016
GCC 6.1	April 27, 2016
GCC 5.3	December 4, 2015
GCC 5.2	July 16, 2015
GCC 4.9.3	June 26, 2015
GCC 4.8.5	June 23, 2015

GDB版本发布

LSB

　　LSB定义了linux的基本组成部分的规范。支持7大CPU架构，准确的说就是Intel、IBM和AMD家，ARM是不在范围的（信创操作系统首先就是支持ARM），debian也为LSB认证。rhel 7对应的LSB 4.1，可通过lsb_release查看操作系统是否符合LSB。最新的LSB规范是2015年定义的5.0。其定义如下。

The Linux Standard Base (LSB) is an ISO standard for GNU/Linux. The purpose is to keep the distros standardized and compatible. LSB is based on several standards including POSIX. LSB sets standards for various portions of Linux systems including run levels, file system hierarchy, and many other subsystems. The latest edition of the LSB specification is 4.1 which has a few parts listed below.

Core - This is the general basis of the specification
C++ - The specifications for the libraries

核心和C++部分包括如下：

LSB core specifications

Executable And Linking Format (ELF)

Base Libraries

Utility Libraries

Commands and Utilities (grep, sed, awk, tar, useradd, patch, etc.)

Execution Environment

File System Hierarchy (FHS)

System Initialization (cron, init scripts, etc.)

Users & Groups (names, id's, etc)

Package Format and Installation

LSB C++ specifications

Low Level System Information

Base Libraries

Desktop - This category contains specifications for GTK, QT(3&4), multimedia (like ALSA), graphics, and others
Languages - Specifications for Python, Perl, and GTK+
Printing - The CUPS library is standardized
Security - Security specifications

The LSB standard supports seven architectures - IA32, IA64, PPC32, PPC64, S390, S390X, and X86_64（AMD64）

NOTE: An ISO standard is a standard set by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO sets various standards; not all pertain to computers.

Remember, I said that LSB also includes some other set standards. Other standards were used as references when creating the LSB standard. Some of these specifications include

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) - sets the file/folder layout

ISO C - C-language specification

Itanium C++ ABI - ABI stands for Application Binary Interface. An ABI is the interface between the software and the operating system.

Large File Support - Support for large files

POSIX - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX). POSIX is a large, stand-alone specification that will not be deeply covered in this article.

SUS - Single UNIX Specification. Systems that comply with all of the standards in SUS are considered Unix systems. Unix-like systems are operating systems that do not fully satisfy the standard. The different versions of the Unix standard are designated as UNIX93, UNIX95, UNIX98, and UNIX03. Obviously, they were made in 1993, 1995, 1998, and 2003, respectively. HP-Unix and Mac OS X are examples of two commonly used Unix systems. Linux and *BSD are considered Unix-like because they do not satisfy all of the criteria.

SVID - System V Interface Definition. This standard covers C-libraries, system calls, software, and hardware management.

System V ABI - A System V Application Binary Interface specification

X/Open Curses - A standard for the popular text-based interface ncurses.

DWARF Debugging Information Format - This is a format used by debuggers and compilers for reporting bugs.

IEC 60559/IEEE 754 Floating Point - Floating-point computation standard

ISO/IEC TR14652 - Character format specification

ITU-T V.42 - Error correction standard

Li18nux Globalization Specification - Specifications that aid in the internationalization of Linux

Linux Allocated Device Registry - Each type of /dev/ file has a special number. This registry is the officially set numbers.

Mozilla's NSS SSL Reference - This is a reference for Network Security Services and Secure Socket Layer. https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/NSS_reference

NSPR Reference - This is a reference for Netscape Portable Runtime (NSPR).

RFC 1321 - The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm

RFC 1831/1832 - Remote Procedure Call Protocol Specification

RFC 1833 - Binding Protocols for ONC RPC

RFC 1950 - ZLIB Compressed Data Format Specification

RFC 1951 - DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification

RFC 1952 - GZIP File Format Specification

RFC 2440 - OpenPGP Message Format

RFC 2821 - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

RFC 2822 - Internet Message Format

RFC 791 - Internet Protocols

RPM Package Format - The RPM installation package (yes, the same one used on Fedora and RedHat) has a standard that it follows.

All of these specifications that were implemented in LSB or used as a reference are very important in making Unix and Unix-like systems standard and compatible. Imagine making a cross-platform application for a range of operating systems that were very diverse. If these specifications were followed entirely among all systems, then more software would be compatible. The main purpose of the LSB is to keep all Linux distros compatible with each other. Please note that the Linux Standard Base (LSB) is a standard among Linux distros (not Unix systems), yet some of the adopted specifications (like POSIX) are used among Unix and Unix-like systems.

从上可知，符合LSB的linux可以程序确保相互兼容。

lsb的版本可通过lsb_release查看如下：

[zjh@lightdb1 ~]$ lsb_release -a
LSB Version:    :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch:cxx-4.1-amd64:cxx-4.1-noarch:desktop-4.1-amd64:desktop-4.1-noarch:languages-4.1-amd64:languages-4.1-noarch:printing-4.1-amd64:printing-4.1-noarch
Distributor ID:    CentOS
Description:    CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
Release:    7.9.2009
Codename:    Core

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/lsb-release 
DISTRIB_ID=Kylin
DISTRIB_RELEASE=V10
DISTRIB_CODENAME=juniper
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Kylin V10"
DISTRIB_KYLIN_RELEASE=V10
DISTRIB_VERSION_TYPE=enterprise
DISTRIB_VERSION_MODE=normal
[root@localhost ~]#

可见kylin并不是符合LSB的linux。

补充（c/c++标准库和运行时）

　　ISO 14882标准中，在条款20到33和附加章节D中定义的C++应该实现的内容。

　　这部分内容是C++标准库应该要实现的内容。有了这个标准定义，世界上各个组织才能实现具体的C++标准库。这其中，有影响力的组织及其实现有3个：GNU的libstdc++、LLVM的libc++、mv的vc++。一般来说：

在GNU/Linux上，使用的C++库都是GNU实现的libstdc++（/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libstdc++.so、/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libstdc++.a）；
在MacOS、iOS上，使用的C++库都是LLVM项目实现的libc++（/usr/lib/libc++.dylib）；
在Android上，使用的C++库为LLVM的libc++（NDK r18以前还是支持GNU的libstdc++的，在r18上被完全去除）；注意这可不是系统库，你需要将库文件包含在apk中（Android上的系统库是/system/lib/libstdc++.so，这不是GNU的那个，只包含了最小的C++ runtime实现，如new delete等）；
在Windows上，使用的C++库都是CRT 。

　　默认情况下，gcc和maven打包一样，不用配置依赖标准库，且自动去搜索。通过gcc -v可以查看到所有的依赖编程过程：

[lightdb@lightdb-dev cpp-learning]$ g++ -v -o test_struct_print test_struct_print.cpp 
使用内建 specs。
COLLECT_GCC=g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/lto-wrapper
OFFLOAD_TARGET_NAMES=nvptx-none
OFFLOAD_TARGET_DEFAULT=1
目标：x86_64-redhat-linux
配置为：../configure --enable-bootstrap --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,lto --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --enable-multilib --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --with-isl --disable-libmpx --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none --without-cuda-driver --enable-gnu-indirect-function --enable-cet --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux
线程模型：posix
gcc 版本 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-21) (GCC) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-o' 'test_struct_print' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/cc1plus -quiet -v -D_GNU_SOURCE test_struct_print.cpp -quiet -dumpbase test_struct_print.cpp -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase test_struct_print -version -o /tmp/ccd6GWin.s
GNU C++14 (GCC) 版本 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-21) (x86_64-redhat-linux)
        由 GNU C 版本 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-21) 编译，GMP 版本 6.1.2，MPFR 版本 3.1.6-p2，MPC 版本 1.1.0，isl 版本 isl-0.16.1-GMP

GGC 准则：--param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
忽略不存在的目录“/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/include-fixed”
忽略不存在的目录“/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/include”
#include "..." 搜索从这里开始：
#include <...> 搜索从这里开始：
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/../../../../include/c++/8
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/../../../../include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/../../../../include/c++/8/backward
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/include
 /usr/local/include
 /usr/include
搜索列表结束。
GNU C++14 (GCC) 版本 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-21) (x86_64-redhat-linux)
        由 GNU C 版本 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-21) 编译，GMP 版本 6.1.2，MPFR 版本 3.1.6-p2，MPC 版本 1.1.0，isl 版本 isl-0.16.1-GMP

GGC 准则：--param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: 5e619065562b1933b9d60354681a5b3b
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-o' 'test_struct_print' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 as -v --64 -o /tmp/ccXHfIeo.o /tmp/ccd6GWin.s
GNU assembler version 2.30 (x86_64-redhat-linux) using BFD version version 2.30-108.el8
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/../../../../lib64/:/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-o' 'test_struct_print' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/collect2 -plugin /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/liblto_plugin.so -plugin-opt=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/lto-wrapper -plugin-opt=-fresolution=/tmp/ccAQUNLq.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc --build-id --no-add-needed --eh-frame-hdr --hash-style=gnu -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -o test_struct_print /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/../../../../lib64/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/../../../../lib64/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/../../../../lib64 -L/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/../../.. /tmp/ccXHfIeo.o -lstdc++ -lm -lgcc_s -lgcc -lc -lgcc_s -lgcc /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8/../../../../lib64/crtn.o
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-o' 'test_struct_print' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'

[lightdb@lightdb-dev cpp-learning]$ ldd test_struct_print
        linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffc59e81000)
        libstdc++.so.6 => /lib64/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f2e024da000)
        libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007f2e02158000)
        libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f2e01f40000)
        libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f2e01b7b000)
        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f2e0286f000)

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_35351343/article/details/112674966

http://www.taodudu.cc/news/show-4790541.html?action=onClick

posted @ 2017-01-05 21:03 zhjh256 阅读(5639) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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glibc运行时库/gcc/gdb各版本发布时间以及rhel/centos默认glibc版本、lsb对应关系

GCC版本发布

GDB版本发布

LSB

LSB core specifications

LSB C++ specifications

补充（c/c++标准库和运行时）

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