ASP.NET Core MVC 1.配置文件
server = 伺服
asp.net core 默认只伺服WWWROOT文件夹下的文件
如果需要伺服其他文件需要添加 app.UseFileServer();//提供静态的文件服务
相当于 app.UseDefaultFiles();和app.UseStaticFiles();//提供静态的文件服务
传统 ASP.NET
• 根目录的文件都被伺服
• 某些重要文件不会被伺服
• 黑名单策略
ASP.NET Core
• 只有 wwwroot 被伺服
• 白名单策略
WebHost 源码
// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.HostFiltering;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore
{
/// <summary>
/// Provides convenience methods for creating instances of <see cref="IWebHost"/> and <see cref="IWebHostBuilder"/> with pre-configured defaults.
/// </summary>
public static class WebHost
{
/// <summary>
/// Initializes and starts a new <see cref="IWebHost"/> with pre-configured defaults.
/// See <see cref="CreateDefaultBuilder()"/> for details.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="app">A delegate that handles requests to the application.</param>
/// <returns>A started <see cref="IWebHost"/> that hosts the application.</returns>
public static IWebHost Start(RequestDelegate app) =>
Start(url: null, app: app);
/// <summary>
/// Initializes and starts a new <see cref="IWebHost"/> with pre-configured defaults.
/// See <see cref="CreateDefaultBuilder()"/> for details.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">The URL the hosted application will listen on.</param>
/// <param name="app">A delegate that handles requests to the application.</param>
/// <returns>A started <see cref="IWebHost"/> that hosts the application.</returns>
public static IWebHost Start(string url, RequestDelegate app)
{
var startupAssemblyName = app.GetMethodInfo().DeclaringType.GetTypeInfo().Assembly.GetName().Name;
return StartWith(url: url, configureServices: null, app: appBuilder => appBuilder.Run(app), applicationName: startupAssemblyName);
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes and starts a new <see cref="IWebHost"/> with pre-configured defaults.
/// See <see cref="CreateDefaultBuilder()"/> for details.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="routeBuilder">A delegate that configures the router for handling requests to the application.</param>
/// <returns>A started <see cref="IWebHost"/> that hosts the application.</returns>
public static IWebHost Start(Action<IRouteBuilder> routeBuilder) =>
Start(url: null, routeBuilder: routeBuilder);
/// <summary>
/// Initializes and starts a new <see cref="IWebHost"/> with pre-configured defaults.
/// See <see cref="CreateDefaultBuilder()"/> for details.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">The URL the hosted application will listen on.</param>
/// <param name="routeBuilder">A delegate that configures the router for handling requests to the application.</param>
/// <returns>A started <see cref="IWebHost"/> that hosts the application.</returns>
public static IWebHost Start(string url, Action<IRouteBuilder> routeBuilder)
{
var startupAssemblyName = routeBuilder.GetMethodInfo().DeclaringType.GetTypeInfo().Assembly.GetName().Name;
return StartWith(url, services => services.AddRouting(), appBuilder => appBuilder.UseRouter(routeBuilder), applicationName: startupAssemblyName);
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes and starts a new <see cref="IWebHost"/> with pre-configured defaults.
/// See <see cref="CreateDefaultBuilder()"/> for details.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="app">The delegate that configures the <see cref="IApplicationBuilder"/>.</param>
/// <returns>A started <see cref="IWebHost"/> that hosts the application.</returns>
public static IWebHost StartWith(Action<IApplicationBuilder> app) =>
StartWith(url: null, app: app);
/// <summary>
/// Initializes and starts a new <see cref="IWebHost"/> with pre-configured defaults.
/// See <see cref="CreateDefaultBuilder()"/> for details.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">The URL the hosted application will listen on.</param>
/// <param name="app">The delegate that configures the <see cref="IApplicationBuilder"/>.</param>
/// <returns>A started <see cref="IWebHost"/> that hosts the application.</returns>
public static IWebHost StartWith(string url, Action<IApplicationBuilder> app) =>
StartWith(url: url, configureServices: null, app: app, applicationName: null);
private static IWebHost StartWith(string url, Action<IServiceCollection> configureServices, Action<IApplicationBuilder> app, string applicationName)
{
var builder = CreateDefaultBuilder();
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(url))
{
builder.UseUrls(url);
}
if (configureServices != null)
{
builder.ConfigureServices(configureServices);
}
builder.Configure(app);
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(applicationName))
{
builder.UseSetting(WebHostDefaults.ApplicationKey, applicationName);
}
var host = builder.Build();
host.Start();
return host;
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WebHostBuilder"/> class with pre-configured defaults.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// The following defaults are applied to the returned <see cref="WebHostBuilder"/>:
/// use Kestrel as the web server and configure it using the application's configuration providers,
/// set the <see cref="IHostingEnvironment.ContentRootPath"/> to the result of <see cref="Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()"/>,
/// load <see cref="IConfiguration"/> from 'appsettings.json' and 'appsettings.[<see cref="IHostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName"/>].json',
/// load <see cref="IConfiguration"/> from User Secrets when <see cref="IHostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName"/> is 'Development' using the entry assembly,
/// load <see cref="IConfiguration"/> from environment variables,
/// configure the <see cref="ILoggerFactory"/> to log to the console and debug output,
/// and enable IIS integration.
/// </remarks>
/// <returns>The initialized <see cref="IWebHostBuilder"/>.</returns>
public static IWebHostBuilder CreateDefaultBuilder() =>
CreateDefaultBuilder(args: null);
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WebHostBuilder"/> class with pre-configured defaults.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// The following defaults are applied to the returned <see cref="WebHostBuilder"/>:
/// use Kestrel as the web server and configure it using the application's configuration providers,
/// set the <see cref="IHostingEnvironment.ContentRootPath"/> to the result of <see cref="Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()"/>,
/// load <see cref="IConfiguration"/> from 'appsettings.json' and 'appsettings.[<see cref="IHostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName"/>].json',
/// load <see cref="IConfiguration"/> from User Secrets when <see cref="IHostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName"/> is 'Development' using the entry assembly,
/// load <see cref="IConfiguration"/> from environment variables,
/// load <see cref="IConfiguration"/> from supplied command line args,
/// configure the <see cref="ILoggerFactory"/> to log to the console and debug output,
/// and enable IIS integration.
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="args">The command line args.</param>
/// <returns>The initialized <see cref="IWebHostBuilder"/>.</returns>
public static IWebHostBuilder CreateDefaultBuilder(string[] args)
{
var builder = new WebHostBuilder();
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(builder.GetSetting(WebHostDefaults.ContentRootKey)))
{
builder.UseContentRoot(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory());
}
if (args != null)
{
builder.UseConfiguration(new ConfigurationBuilder().AddCommandLine(args).Build());
}
builder.ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) =>
{
var env = hostingContext.HostingEnvironment;
config.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)
.AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{env.EnvironmentName}.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true);
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
var appAssembly = Assembly.Load(new AssemblyName(env.ApplicationName));
if (appAssembly != null)
{
config.AddUserSecrets(appAssembly, optional: true);
}
}
config.AddEnvironmentVariables();
if (args != null)
{
config.AddCommandLine(args);
}
})
.ConfigureLogging((hostingContext, logging) =>
{
logging.AddConfiguration(hostingContext.Configuration.GetSection("Logging"));
logging.AddConsole();
logging.AddDebug();
logging.AddEventSourceLogger();
}).
UseDefaultServiceProvider((context, options) =>
{
options.ValidateScopes = context.HostingEnvironment.IsDevelopment();
});
ConfigureWebDefaults(builder);
return builder;
}
internal static void ConfigureWebDefaults(IWebHostBuilder builder)
{
builder.UseKestrel((builderContext, options) =>
{
options.Configure(builderContext.Configuration.GetSection("Kestrel"));
})
.ConfigureServices((hostingContext, services) =>
{
// Fallback
services.PostConfigure<HostFilteringOptions>(options =>
{
if (options.AllowedHosts == null || options.AllowedHosts.Count == 0)
{
// "AllowedHosts": "localhost;127.0.0.1;[::1]"
var hosts = hostingContext.Configuration["AllowedHosts"]?.Split(new[] { ';' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
// Fall back to "*" to disable.
options.AllowedHosts = (hosts?.Length > 0 ? hosts : new[] { "*" });
}
});
// Change notification
services.AddSingleton<IOptionsChangeTokenSource<HostFilteringOptions>>(
new ConfigurationChangeTokenSource<HostFilteringOptions>(hostingContext.Configuration));
services.AddTransient<IStartupFilter, HostFilteringStartupFilter>();
})
.UseIIS()
.UseIISIntegration();
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WebHostBuilder"/> class with pre-configured defaults using typed Startup.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// The following defaults are applied to the returned <see cref="WebHostBuilder"/>:
/// use Kestrel as the web server and configure it using the application's configuration providers,
/// set the <see cref="IHostingEnvironment.ContentRootPath"/> to the result of <see cref="Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()"/>,
/// load <see cref="IConfiguration"/> from 'appsettings.json' and 'appsettings.[<see cref="IHostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName"/>].json',
/// load <see cref="IConfiguration"/> from User Secrets when <see cref="IHostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName"/> is 'Development' using the entry assembly,
/// load <see cref="IConfiguration"/> from environment variables,
/// load <see cref="IConfiguration"/> from supplied command line args,
/// configure the <see cref="ILoggerFactory"/> to log to the console and debug output,
/// enable IIS integration.
/// </remarks>
/// <typeparam name ="TStartup">The type containing the startup methods for the application.</typeparam>
/// <param name="args">The command line args.</param>
/// <returns>The initialized <see cref="IWebHostBuilder"/>.</returns>
public static IWebHostBuilder CreateDefaultBuilder<TStartup>(string[] args) where TStartup : class =>
CreateDefaultBuilder(args).UseStartup<TStartup>();
}
}
源码地址：https://github.com/aspnet/MetaPackages/blob/master/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore/WebHost.cs
解析：
builder.UseKestrel((builderContext, options) =>
{
options.Configure(builderContext.Configuration.GetSection("Kestrel"));
})
.ConfigureServices((hostingContext, services) =>
{
// Fallback
services.PostConfigure<HostFilteringOptions>(options =>
{
if (options.AllowedHosts == null || options.AllowedHosts.Count == 0)
{
// "AllowedHosts": "localhost;127.0.0.1;[::1]"
var hosts = hostingContext.Configuration["AllowedHosts"]?.Split(new[] { ';' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
// Fall back to "*" to disable.
options.AllowedHosts = (hosts?.Length > 0 ? hosts : new[] { "*" });
}
});
// Change notification
services.AddSingleton<IOptionsChangeTokenSource<HostFilteringOptions>>(
new ConfigurationChangeTokenSource<HostFilteringOptions>(hostingContext.Configuration));
services.AddTransient<IStartupFilter, HostFilteringStartupFilter>();
})
.UseIIS()
.UseIISIntegration();
UseKestel 使用了项目内嵌的 Kestrel 服务器
UseIIS 使用了外部的 IIS 服务器
所以一个 HTTP 请求会先到 IIS，再被中继到 Kestrel，处理后再先 Kestrel 后 IIS 返回UseKestel 使用了项目内嵌的 Kestrel 服务器
config.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)
.AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{env.EnvironmentName}.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true);
• 默认配置加载 appsettings.json
• 也可以根据环境加载不同配置文件
.ConfigureLogging((hostingContext, logging) =>
{
logging.AddConfiguration(hostingContext.Configuration.GetSection("Logging"));
logging.AddConsole();
logging.AddDebug();
logging.AddEventSourceLogger();
}).
配置 logging 时，默认输出到 Console、Debug 和 EventSourceLogger 三个地方
UseDefaultServiceProvider((context, options) =>
{
options.ValidateScopes = context.HostingEnvironment.IsDevelopment();
});
使用自带的依赖注入容器。
.ConfigureServices((hostingContext, services) =>
{
// Fallback
services.PostConfigure<HostFilteringOptions>(options =>
{
if (options.AllowedHosts == null || options.AllowedHosts.Count == 0)
{
// "AllowedHosts": "localhost;127.0.0.1;[::1]"
var hosts = hostingContext.Configuration["AllowedHosts"]?.Split(new[] { ';' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
// Fall back to "*" to disable.
options.AllowedHosts = (hosts?.Length > 0 ? hosts : new[] { "*" });
}
});
// Change notification
services.AddSingleton<IOptionsChangeTokenSource<HostFilteringOptions>>(
new ConfigurationChangeTokenSource<HostFilteringOptions>(hostingContext.Configuration));
services.AddTransient<IStartupFilter, HostFilteringStartupFilter>();
})
ConfigureServices 主要用来添加一些类型到依赖注入容器中。
WebHost 进行了很多的默认配置，如果你需要修改配置，它的代码很有参考意义。
Iconfiguration
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env,IConfiguration configuration )
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
// app.UseStatusCodePages(); //返回静态页面
app.Run(async (s) =>
{
var name = configuration["name"];//读取配置文件
s.Response.WriteAsync(name);
});
}
appsettings.json中的键值对
{
"name": "nice"
}
