C基础 mariadb处理简单案例
引言
MariaDB 是一款灰常不错开源数据库. 这里直接用它来解决业务问题.
业务需求:
现在数据库中表示按照天分表的. 突然我们需要按照月来处理数据.
例如输入一个玩家id, 查找这个玩家这个月内看了一件事几次. 我们先搭建一个环境.
操作系统:
Linux version 4.4.0-22-generic (buildd@lgw01-41) (gcc version 5.3.1 20160413 (Ubuntu 5.3.1-14ubuntu2) ) #40-Ubuntu SMP Thu May 12 22:03:46 UTC 2016
首先安装 MariaDB数据库
sudo apt-get install mariadb-server sudo apt-get install mariadb-client sudo apt-get install libmariadb2 sudo apt-get install libmariadb-client-lgpl-dev sudo apt-get install libreoffice-mysql-connector
后面是C访问 MariaDB驱动. 这里扯一点, 目前关于MariaDB不懂问题, 搜不见直接当成mysql开始搜.
MariaDB安装成功后默认是开启的, 看下面图描述
后面搭建测试环境 首先 看 oss_musicelves.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.10 -- -- Host: localhost Database: oss_log -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 5.5.24-tmysql-1.4 /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */; /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */; /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; -- -- Table structure for table `oss_musicelves` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `oss_musicelves`; CREATE TABLE `oss_musicelves` ( `record_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `account_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `server_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `char_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `char_sex` int(11) NOT NULL, `type_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `timeStamp` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00', `ptype` int(11) NOT NULL, `specifytype` int(11) NOT NULL, `childtype` int(11) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`record_id`), KEY `idx_specifytype` (`specifytype`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=32 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; -- -- Dumping data for table `oss_musicelves` -- /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `oss_musicelves` DISABLE KEYS */; LOCK TABLES `oss_musicelves` WRITE; INSERT INTO `oss_musicelves` VALUES (1,411948833,84869352,27899597414400801,0,1812,'2016-05-31 14:27:41',0,1,1),(2,1344702709,90964200,30422720614402293,0,1812,'2016-05-31 14:58:26',0,1,1),(3,706409913,90964200,30422720614401465,1,1812,'2016-05-31 14:58:27',0,1,2),(4,706409913,392964857,30422720614401465,1,1812,'2016-05-31 14:58:59',0,2,4),(5,1344702709,392964857,30422720614402293,0,1812,'2016-05-31 14:58:59',0,2,4),(6,706409913,90964200,30422720614401465,1,1812,'2016-05-31 15:04:52',0,1,2),(7,706409913,392964857,30422720614401465,1,1812,'2016-05-31 15:05:54',0,2,4),(8,1344702709,392964857,30422720614402293,0,1812,'2016-05-31 15:05:54',0,2,4),(9,1344702709,90964200,30422720614402293,0,1812,'2016-05-31 15:10:29',0,1,1),(10,706409913,90964200,30422720614401465,1,1812,'2016-05-31 15:10:32',0,1,2),(11,1344702709,392964857,30422720614402293,0,1812,'2016-05-31 15:10:54',0,2,4),(12,3145910262,90964200,29520779366416374,1,1812,'2016-05-31 15:30:00',0,1,1),(13,1372825842,90964200,30173879500803314,1,1812,'2016-05-31 15:30:01',0,1,2),(14,3145910262,392964857,29520779366416374,1,1812,'2016-05-31 15:30:04',0,2,4),(15,1372825842,392964857,30173879500803314,1,1812,'2016-05-31 15:30:04',0,2,4),(16,3145910262,392964857,29520779366416374,1,1812,'2016-05-31 15:34:24',0,2,4),(17,1372825842,392964857,30173879500803314,1,1812,'2016-05-31 15:34:24',0,2,4),(18,706409913,90964200,30422720614401465,1,1812,'2016-05-31 15:40:14',0,1,1),(19,1344702709,90964200,30422720614402293,0,1812,'2016-05-31 15:40:16',0,1,2),(20,3145910262,392964857,29520779366416374,1,1812,'2016-05-31 15:42:19',0,2,4),(21,1372825842,392964857,30173879500803314,1,1812,'2016-05-31 15:42:19',0,2,4),(22,1027763684,90964200,30175730790400484,0,1812,'2016-05-31 16:56:33',1,1,1),(23,1372825842,90964200,30173879500803314,1,1812,'2016-05-31 16:56:50',0,1,2),(24,1372825842,392964857,30173879500803314,1,1812,'2016-05-31 16:57:37',0,2,3),(25,1027763684,392964857,30175730790400484,0,1812,'2016-05-31 16:57:37',1,2,3),(26,1372825842,392964857,30173879500803314,1,1812,'2016-05-31 17:04:33',0,2,3),(27,1027763684,392964857,30175730790400484,0,1812,'2016-05-31 17:04:33',1,2,3),(28,1027763684,90964200,30175730790400484,0,1812,'2016-05-31 17:14:15',1,1,2),(29,1372825842,392964857,30173879500803314,1,1812,'2016-05-31 17:14:50',0,2,3),(30,1027763684,392964857,30175730790400484,0,1812,'2016-05-31 17:14:50',1,2,3),(31,751699770,90964200,30175199027201850,1,1812,'2016-05-31 18:14:59',1,1,1); UNLOCK TABLES; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `oss_musicelves` ENABLE KEYS */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */; /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */; /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */; /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
这个 oss_musicelves.sql 文件主要功能是创建 oss_musicelves数据库, 并填充数据.
还有一个 搭建环境 的 脚本 mariadb_test.sql 和上一个sql文件放在同一个目录下.
# 创建一个测试数据库 create database oss_log; # 进入oss_log 数据库 use oss_log; # 创建 oss_musicelves 数据库, 并导入数据 source oss_musicelves.sql; # 批量创建表和数据 create table 2016_6_1_oss_musicelves select * from oss_musicelves; create table 2016_6_2_oss_musicelves select * from oss_musicelves; create table 2016_6_3_oss_musicelves select * from oss_musicelves; create table 2016_6_4_oss_musicelves select * from oss_musicelves; create table 2016_6_5_oss_musicelves select * from oss_musicelves; create table 2016_6_9_oss_musicelves select * from oss_musicelves; create table 2016_6_10_oss_musicelves select * from oss_musicelves; create table 2016_6_12_oss_musicelves select * from oss_musicelves; # 查询表是否创建成功 show tables; # 这里处理 拿到的数据 select distinct table_name from information_schema.columns where table_name like '2016_6_%_oss_musicelves';
直接放在 MariaDB控制台中直接刷进去. 搭建的具体环境如下
到这里环境基本搭建好了. MariaDB入门等等, 完全可以当做mysql 学习温故一遍.
前言
上面问题就是 原本 是 select * from oss_musicelves; 就可以解决的问题.
这里 需要 输入年和月 外加一些特殊条件 . select * from %_%_%_oss_musicelves; 解决. 单纯用sql脚本也可以解决.非常复杂.用的不熟.
这里首先通过 shell 脚本处理
touch getmouths.sh chmod +x getmouths.sh vi getmouths.sh
具体的脚本 内容 如下
#!/bin/sh #得到输入的玩家ptid if [ $# -lt 1 ] then echo "uage: $0 [ptid]" exit -1 fi ptid=$1 mouth=$(date +%m | sed s'/^0//') #第一个参数是月份 if [ $# -ge 2 ] then mouth=$2 fi #第二个参数是年 year=$(date +%Y) if [ $# -ge 3 ] then year=$3 fi #得到查询的随机表名 tbname="\"${year}_${mouth}_%_oss_musicelves\"" #这里得到mysql 中所有合法表名 rm -rf __tmp touch __tmp #开始查询数据库了, 需要以root权限启动这个脚本 mysql -e "select distinct table_name from information_schema.columns where table_name like $tbname" | awk 'NR>1' | while read name do mysql -e "select count(*) from oss_log.$name where specifytype = 1 and char_id = $ptid" | awk 'NR>1' | while read cut do echo "$name : $cut" echo $cut >> __tmp break done done #统计表里面的数据 sum=$(cat __tmp | awk '{s+=$1} END {print s}') rm -rf __tmp # 最后输出统计结果 echo "$year-$mouth sum: $sum"
使用脚本 截图
通过shell可以完成 我们的需求. Linux上shell真好用. window的bat不好用.
正文
第一部分 : 让C调用MariaDB跑通
先看 测试Demo mariadb_demo.c
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <mysql.h> /* * 第一个 mariadb程序 */ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { // 创建数据连接对象 MYSQL *con = mysql_init(NULL); if (con == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", mysql_error(con)); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (!mysql_real_connect(con, "localhost", "root", "", NULL, 0, NULL, 0)) { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", mysql_error(con)); mysql_close(con); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (mysql_query(con, "show databases;")) { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", mysql_error(con)); mysql_close(con); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } puts("mariadb is connect and run succesed!"); mysql_close(con); return 0; }
具体的编译 命令
su root gcc -Wall -ggdb2 -I/usr/include/mariadb -o mariadb_demo.out mariadb_demo.c -lmysqlclient ./mariadb_demo.out
运行结果 如下
到这里基本C 调用 MariaDB 基本流程跑通了. 但是很不爽. 只能通过root用户使用.
那我们改变这里不爽. 进入第二部分. 扩展资料 c in mariadb http://stackoverflow.com/questions/17265471/using-mariadb-in-c
第二部分 : 通过普通用户完成业务需求.
先创建普通用户 csz, 密码是 1413222, 并并且给其 select 读权限.
su root mysql drop user csz; create user 'csz'@'%' identified by '13142222'; grant select on *.* to 'csz'@'%'; # 立即刷新 flush privileges;
后面登录试试
mysql -ucsz -p1314222 -h127.0.0.1
主要是mariadb默认关闭远程访问. 后面我们开启安全访问模式试试
su root /etc/init.d/mysql stop mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
后面再开启一个会话 . 重新输入 mysql -ucsz -p1314222 -h127.0.0.1 , 解决可以了
到这里 通过新建的 csz 用户访问成功. 好了. 那我们开始写一个 msyql c 代码处理我们的业务. 按照月来访问. 那我们开始写代码.代码的总的思路是拼接一个这样的串
#目标拼接 串内容 select sum(c) from ( select count(*) as c from 2016_6_1_oss_musicelves where specifytype=1 and char_id = 30422720614402293 union all select count(*) from 2016_6_2_oss_musicelves where specifytype=1 and char_id = 30422720614402293 union all select count(*) from 2016_6_3_oss_musicelves where specifytype=1 and char_id = 30422720614402293 union all select count(*) from 2016_6_4_oss_musicelves where specifytype=1 and char_id = 30422720614402293 union all select count(*) from 2016_6_5_oss_musicelves where specifytype=1 and char_id = 30422720614402293 union all select count(*) from 2016_6_9_oss_musicelves where specifytype=1 and char_id = 30422720614402293 union all select count(*) from 2016_6_10_oss_musicelves where specifytype=1 and char_id = 30422720614402293 union all select count(*) from 2016_6_12_oss_musicelves where specifytype=1 and char_id = 30422720614402293 ) as t;
具体看 getmouths.c 文件 内容
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #include <mysql.h> #define _INT_BUF (4098) // 得到查询数据表内容 #define _STR_SQLTABLES \ "select distinct table_name from information_schema.columns where table_name like '%d_%d_%%_oss_musicelves'" #define _STR_SQLSELECT \ "select count(*) as c from %s where specifytype=1 and char_id = %lld" // 基础的mariadb 错误关闭函数 static inline void _err_mariadb(MYSQL *con) { fprintf(stderr, "_err_mariadb error: %s\n", mysql_error(con)); mysql_close(con); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } /* * 处理 oss_musicelves 一个月的所有表. */ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { long long ptid; time_t rt = time(NULL); struct tm *pt = localtime(&rt); int year = pt->tm_year + 1900; int mouth = pt->tm_mon + 1; // 先简单检测输入 if(argc <= 1) { fprintf(stderr, "%s [ptid] [mouth] [year]\n", argv[0]); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // 先得到 ptid 数据 ptid = atoll(argv[1]); // 得到当前月份 if(argc >= 3) mouth = atoi(argv[2]); // 得到当前年份 if(argc >= 4) year = atoi(argv[3]); // 简单检测结果是否合法 if(ptid < 0 || mouth <=0 || mouth>12 || year<1900) { fprintf(stderr, "%s %lld %d %d is error!\n", argv[0], ptid, mouth, year); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // 输出结果 printf("%s %lld %d %d start run!\n", argv[0], ptid, mouth, year); // 开始用mysql 访问我们需要访问的数据结果了 MYSQL *con = mysql_init(NULL); if(con == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "mysql_init error: %s\n", mysql_error(con)); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if(!mysql_real_connect(con, "127.0.0.1", "csz", "1314222", "oss_log", 0, NULL, 0)) _err_mariadb(con); char sqls[_INT_BUF]; int sqlen = 0; sprintf(sqls, _STR_SQLTABLES, year, mouth); if(mysql_query(con, sqls)) _err_mariadb(con); // 开始得到结果 MYSQL_RES *ret = mysql_store_result(con); if(NULL == ret) _err_mariadb(con); MYSQL_ROW row; int i = 0, nr = 0; while(!!(row = mysql_fetch_row(ret))) { if(i == 0) { sqlen = sprintf(sqls, "select sum(c) from (\n" _STR_SQLSELECT, row[0], ptid); i = 1; continue; } // 后面正常拼接 nr = sprintf(sqls + sqlen, "\nunion all\n" _STR_SQLSELECT, row[0], ptid); if((sqlen += nr) >= _INT_BUF) { fprintf(stderr, "sprintf while %d too length.\n", sqlen); goto __return_free; } } if(i == 0) { printf("sum %lld %d/%d: 0\n", ptid, year, mouth); goto __return_free; } // 这里处理有的数据 nr = sprintf(sqls + sqlen, "\n) as t;"); if((sqlen += nr) >= _INT_BUF) { fprintf(stderr, "sprintf end %d too length.\n", sqlen); goto __return_free; } // 内存用完了就直接释放 mysql_free_result(ret); ret = NULL; printf("sql : \n\t%s\n", sqls); // 开始输出统计结果 if(mysql_query(con, sqls)) _err_mariadb(con); if((ret = mysql_store_result(con))==NULL) _err_mariadb(con); //得到结果直接返回 if(!!(row=mysql_fetch_row(ret))) printf("sum %lld %d/%d: %s\n", ptid, year, mouth, row[0]); else puts("select is empty!"); __return_free: // 释放用过的内存 mysql_free_result(ret); // 关闭打开的 数据库访问对象 mysql_close(con); return 0; }
编译命令
gcc -Wall -ggdb2 -I/usr/include/mariadb -o getmouths.out getmouths.c -lmysqlclient
最终运行结果是
如果想详细了解关于mariadb c驱动的api使用, 可以参照老外写的很好理解.
mysqlc demo http://zetcode.com/db/mysqlc/
到这里就结束了, 关于C 访问数据库能力也基本打通了.
后记
错误是难免, 欢迎学习进步~~~ 未来什么都不确定, 可以确定是没有未来, 只有现在还在装逼 .
后面经过实践 找到更好的解决方案 采用 mysql 存储过程
-- 最终结果令人满意, mysql存储过程 delimiter $$ drop procedure if exists oss_log.proc_oss_monopolycollect; -- yr:年份, mh:月份, qq:查询QQ号, cut:输出当月统计的个数 create procedure oss_log.proc_oss_monopolycollect(in yr int, in mh int, in qq int, out cut int) begin set @ltname = concat(yr, '_', mh , '_%_oss_monopolycollect'); select replace( group_concat(distinct(table_name)), ',', ' where specifytype = 1 and account_id = {account_id} union all select count(*) from oss_log.' ) into @sqlstr from information_schema.columns where table_name like @ltname; -- 添加前面和尾巴部分 set @sqlstr = concat('select sum(c) into @sumc from (select count(*) as c from oss_log.', @sqlstr, ' where specifytype = 1 and account_id = {account_id}) as t;'); -- 替换占位符, 得到最终的串内容 set @sqlstr = replace(@sqlstr, "{account_id}", qq); -- 预编译并执行 prepare stmt from @sqlstr; -- 开始执行 execute stmt; -- 删除预编译的结果 deallocate prepare stmt; -- 返回结果 set cut = @sumc; end $$ delimiter ;
测试 脚本 如下
-- 测试上面存储过程 call oss_log.proc_oss_monopolycollect(2016, 5, 9331453, @cut); select @cut; set @cut:=NULL; drop procedure if exists oss_log.proc_oss_monopolycollect
这里基本就解决 遇到的问题. 最后想说一句, 真jb长!
