oracle的分析函数over 及开窗函数

oracle的分析函数over 及开窗函数

 一:分析函数over Oracle从8.1.6开始提供分析函数,分析函数用于计算基于组的某种聚合值,它和聚合函数的不同之处是 对于每个组返回多行,而聚合函数对于每个组只返回一行。
下面通过几个例子来说明其应用。                                      
1:统计某商店的营业额。            

date       sale     

1           20     

2           15     

3           14     

4           18     

5           30    

规则:按天统计:每天都统计前面几天的总额     得到的结果:    

DATE   SALE      

SUM     ----- -------- ------    

1      20        20           --1天           
2      15        35           --1天+2天          

3      14        49           --1天+2天+3天    

4      18        67            .             

5      30        97            .     
2:统计各班成绩第一名的同学信息    

 NAME   CLASS S                             ----- ----- ----------------------    

fda    1      80                    
    ffd    1      78                        

dss    1      95                        

cfe    2      74                        

gds    2      92                        

 gf     3      99                        

ddd    3      99                        

adf    3      45                        

asdf   3      55                        

3dd    3      78                    

通过:       --     select * from                                                                      
    (                                                                           
    select name,class,s,rank()over(partition by class order by s desc) mm from t2     )                                                                           
    where mm=1     --     得到结果:    

NAME   CLASS S                       MM                                                                                       
    ----- ----- ---------------------- ----------------------    

dss    1      95                      1                         

gds    2      92                      1                         

gf     3      99                      1                         

ddd    3      99                      1                

注意:     1.在求第一名成绩的时候,不能用row_number(),因为如果同班有两个并列第一,row_number()只返回一个结果             

2.rank()和dense_rank()的区别是:       --rank()是跳跃排序,有两个第二名时接下来就是第四名       --dense_rank()l是连续排序,有两个第二名时仍然跟着第三名          

3.分类统计 (并显示信息)    

 A   B   C                          -- -- ----------------------    

m   a   2                         

n   a   3                         

 m   a   2                         

 n   b   2                         

n   b   1                         

x   b   3                         

x   b   2                         

x   b   4                         

h   b   3    select a,c,sum(c)over(partition by a) from t2                  

得到结果:   

A   B   C        SUM(C)OVER(PARTITIONBYA)         -- -- ------- ------------------------   

h   b   3        3                          

 m   a   2        4                          

 m   a   2        4                          

n   a   3        6                          

n   b   2        6                          

n   b   1        6                          

 x   b   3        9                          

 x   b   2        9                          

 x   b   4        9                       
   如果用sum,group by 则只能得到   

 A   SUM(C)                               -- ----------------------   

 h   3                        

m   4                        

 n   6                        

 x   9                        

无法得到B列值      
===== select * from test

数据:

 A B C

1 1 1

1 2 2

 1 3 3

2 2 5

 3 4 6

---将B栏位值相同的对应的C 栏位值加总

select a,b,c, SUM(C) OVER (PARTITION BY B) C_Sum from test

A B C C_SUM

1 1 1 1

 1 2 2 7

2 2 5 7

1 3 3 3

3 4 6 6

 

---如果不需要已某个栏位的值分割,那就要用 null

eg: 就是将C的栏位值summary 放在每行后面

select a,b,c, SUM(C) OVER (PARTITION BY null) C_Sum from test

A B C C_SUM

1 1 1 17

 1 2 2 17

 1 3 3 17

2 2 5 17

3 4 6 17

 

求个人工资占部门工资的百分比

SQL> select * from salary;

NAME DEPT SAL ---------- ---- -----

a 10 2000

 b 10 3000

c 10 5000

d 20 4000

SQL> select name,dept,sal,sal*100/sum(sal) over(partition by dept) percent from salary;

NAME DEPT SAL PERCENT ---------- ---- ----- ----------

a 10 2000 20

 b 10 3000 30

c 10 5000 50

d 20 4000 100

二:开窗函数          
      开窗函数指定了分析函数工作的数据窗口大小,这个数据窗口大小可能会随着行的变化而变化,举例如下:

1:        over(order by salary) 按照salary排序进行累计,order by是个默认的开窗函数    over(partition by deptno)按照部门分区

2: over(order by salary range between 5 preceding and 5 following)   

每行对应的数据窗口是之前行幅度值不超过5,之后行幅度值不超过5   

例如:对于以下列     

 aa      1      2      2      2      3      4      5      6      7      9       sum(aa)over(order by aa range between 2 preceding and 2 following)    得出的结果是            

 AA                       SUM             ---------------------- -------------------------------------------------------           

       1                       10                                                     
            2                       14                                                                 

   2                       14                                                     
            2                       14                                                               

   3                       18                                                     
            4                       18                                                                

  5                       22                                                     
            6                       18                                                               
            7                       22                                                               
            9                       9                                                                
                就是说,对于aa=5的一行 ,sum为   5-1<=aa<=5+2 的和    对

于aa=2来说 ,sum=1+2+2+2+3+4=14     ;    又如 对于aa=9 ,9-1<=aa<=9+2 只有9一个数,所以sum=9    ;               3:其它:      over(order by salary rows between 2 preceding and 4 following)           每行对应的数据窗口是之前2行,之后4行
4:下面三条语句等效:                over(order by salary rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)           每行对应的数据窗口是从第一行到最后一行,等效:      over(order by salary range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)            等效      over(partition by null)

posted on 2012-02-08 11:50  猎-户-座  阅读(1074)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报

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