mysql数据库备份、恢复，导入、导出

6.4.1. Dumping Data in SQL Format with mysqldump

This section describes how to use mysqldump to create SQL-format dump files. For information about reloading such dump files, see Section 6.4.2, “Reloading SQL-Format Backups”.

By default, mysqldumpwrites information as SQL statements to the standard output. You can save the output in a file:

shell> mysqldump [arguments] > file_name

To dump all databases, invoke mysqldump with the --all-databasesoption:

shell> mysqldump --all-databases > dump.sql

To dump only specific databases, name them on the command line and use the --databasesoption:

shell> mysqldump --databases db1 db2 db3 > dump.sql

The --databases option causes all names on the command line to be treated as database names. Without this option, mysqldumptreats the first name as a database name and those following as table names.

With --all-databases or --databases, mysqldump writes CREATE DATABASE and USE statements prior to the dump output for each database. This ensures that when the dump file is reloaded, it creates each database if it does not exist and makes it the default database so database contents are loaded into the same database from which they came. If you want to cause the dump file to force a drop of each database before recreating it, use the --add-drop-database option as well. In this case, mysqldump writes a DROP DATABASE statement preceding each CREATE DATABASEstatement.

To dump a single database, name it on the command line:

shell> mysqldump --databases test > dump.sql

In the single-database case, it is permissible to omit the --databasesoption:

shell> mysqldump test > dump.sql

The difference between the two preceding commands is that without --databases, the dump output contains no CREATE DATABASE or USEstatements. This has several implications:

• When you reload the dump file, you must specify a default database name so that the server knows which database to reload.

• For reloading, you can specify a database name different from the original name, which enables you to reload the data into a different database.

• If the database to be reloaded does not exist, you must create it first.

• Because the output will contain no CREATE DATABASE statement, the --add-drop-database option has no effect. If you use it, it produces no DROP DATABASE statement.

To dump only specific tables from a database, name them on the command line following the database name:

shell> mysqldump test t1 t3 t7 > dump.sql

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/mysqldump-sql-format.html

6.4.2. Reloading SQL-Format Backups

To reload a dump file written by mysqldump that consists of SQL statements, use it as input to the mysql client. If the dump file was created by mysqldump with the --all-databases or --databases option, it contains CREATE DATABASE and USEstatements and it is not necessary to specify a default database into which to load the data:

shell> mysql < dump.sql

Alternatively, from within mysql, use a sourcecommand:

mysql> source dump.sql

If the file is a single-database dump not containing CREATE DATABASE and USEstatements, create the database first (if necessary):

shell> mysqladmin create db1

Then specify the database name when you load the dump file:

shell> mysql db1 < dump.sql

Alternatively, from within mysql, create the database, select it as the default database, and load the dump file:

mysql> CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS db1;
mysql> USE db1;
mysql> source dump.sql
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/reloading-sql-format-dumps.html